10+ L&T Technology Services Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Structure is a data type that allows different data types to be grouped together, while union is a data type that allows different data types to share the same memory location.

• Structures allocate memory for each member separately, while unions share memory for all members.

• Structures are used when different data types need to be stored together, while unions are used when only one type of data needs to be stored at a time.

• Example: struct Person { string name; int age; }; union...read more

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data delivery, while UDP is a connectionless protocol that focuses on speed.

• TCP is reliable and ensures data delivery by establishing a connection between sender and receiver.

• UDP is faster but less reliable as it does not establish a connection before sending data.

• TCP uses sequencing and acknowledgment of data packets for reliable delivery.

• UDP is used for real-time applications like video streaming or online gaming w...read more

C is a procedural programming language while C++ is a multi-paradigm programming language with support for object-oriented programming.

• C is a procedural programming language, focusing on functions and procedures.

• C++ is a multi-paradigm programming language, supporting procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.

• C does not support classes and objects, while C++ does.

• C++ has features like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation which are not present in C.

• C++ has a...read more

A daemon in the context of Linux is a background process that runs continuously to perform specific tasks.

• Daemons do not have a controlling terminal.

• They typically start at system boot and run until the system is shut down.

• Examples include the Apache web server daemon (httpd) and the SSH daemon (sshd).

An inline function in C++ is a function that is expanded in place at the point of call, rather than being called like a regular function.

• Inline functions are typically small and simple, as they are expanded in place at each call site.

• They can improve performance by reducing the overhead of function calls.

• Example: inline int square(int x) { return x * x; }

Use variadic arguments in C++ to handle variable number of parameters in a function

• Use variadic arguments in C++ to create a function that can accept any number of parameters

• Example: void myFunction(int firstParam, ...)

• Access the parameters using va_list and va_start macros

• Example: va_list args; va_start(args, firstParam); int nextParam = va_arg(args, int);

• End the argument list with va_end macro

OOP concepts in C++ include classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Classes: Blueprint for creating objects with data and functions.

• Objects: Instances of classes that encapsulate data and behavior.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability to process objects differently based on their data types.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• A...read more

The grep command is used to search for specific patterns in text files.

• Used to search for a specific pattern in a file

• Can be used with regular expressions for more complex searches

• Can be used in combination with other commands like 'ls' or 'cat'

• Example: grep 'search_term' file.txt

I follow the Agile software management framework and am familiar with various Scrum terminologies.

• Agile software management framework focuses on iterative development and collaboration.

• Scrum is a specific Agile framework that includes roles like Scrum Master and Product Owner.

• Some Scrum terminologies include Sprint, Daily Standup, Backlog, and User Stories.

Yield keyword is used in Python to pause and resume a generator function.

• Yield keyword is used to return a value from a generator function and pause its execution.

• When the generator function is called again, it resumes from where it was paused.

• Yield can be used in a loop to generate a sequence of values without storing them all in memory.

• Example: def my_generator(): yield 1 yield 2 yield 3

Reverse a string without inbuilt function

• Iterate through the string from end to start

• Append each character to a new string

• Return the new string

SQL join query combines data from multiple tables based on a related column, and aggregate functions perform calculations on grouped data.

• Use JOIN keyword to combine data from multiple tables based on a related column

• Use aggregate functions like SUM, AVG, COUNT, etc. to perform calculations on grouped data

• Example: SELECT orders.order_id, SUM(order_details.quantity) FROM orders JOIN order_details ON orders.order_id = order_details.order_id GROUP BY orders.order_id

Merge conflict occurs when two or more developers make changes to the same file in Git.

• It happens when two or more developers make changes to the same file in Git.

• Git is unable to automatically merge the changes and requires manual intervention.

• Developers need to resolve the conflict by choosing which changes to keep and which to discard.

• Common tools used to resolve merge conflicts include Git's command-line interface and graphical user interfaces like Sourcetree.

• It's importa...read more

Reverse a linked list by changing the direction of pointers.

• Start with three pointers: current, previous, and next.

• Iterate through the linked list, updating pointers to reverse the direction.

• Return the new head of the reversed linked list.