Kaplan Associate Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Difference between var, let, const.
Ans. 
var, let, and const are all used to declare variables in JavaScript, but they have different scoping rules and behaviors.
• var has function scope and can be redeclared and reassigned

• let has block scope and can be reassigned but not redeclared

• const has block scope and cannot be reassigned or redeclared

• Use const for values that won't change, let for values that will, and avoid var
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Q2. Explain CSS box model. Do padding and margin apply to inline elements?
Ans. 
CSS box model defines the layout of elements on a webpage. Padding and margin can apply to block-level elements but not to inline elements.
• CSS box model consists of content, padding, border, and margin around an element.

• Padding adds space inside the border of an element.

• Margin adds space outside the border of an element.

• Padding and margin can apply to block-level elements like <div> but not to inline elements lik
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Q3. Difference between arrow functions and regular ones.
Ans. 
Arrow functions are shorter syntax for writing function expressions.
• Arrow functions do not have their own 'this' keyword.

• Arrow functions cannot be used as constructors.

• Arrow functions do not have the 'arguments' object.

• Arrow functions are more concise and easier to read.

• Regular functions are better for methods and constructors.
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Q4. How does JavaScript asynchronous model work
Ans. 
JavaScript asynchronous model allows non-blocking code execution by using callbacks and promises.
• JavaScript uses an event loop to handle asynchronous operations.

• Callbacks are functions passed as arguments to other functions and executed when the operation is complete.

• Promises are objects that represent the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• Async/await is a newer syntax that allows writing asyn...read more
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Q1. Find duplicates in an array
Ans. 
Use a hash set to find duplicates in an array of strings.
• Create a hash set to store unique elements.

• Iterate through the array and check if the element is already in the hash set.

• If it is, then it is a duplicate. If not, add it to the hash set.
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Q2. Find single duplicate element in an array where contents of the array are length of array - 1
Ans. 
Find the single duplicate element in an array of strings with length n-1.
• Iterate through the array and use a HashSet to keep track of elements seen so far.

• If an element is already in the HashSet, that is the duplicate element.

• Return the duplicate element once found.
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Create a student support system

Q1. Design an order and payments system for an EdTech company
Ans. 
Design an order and payments system for an EdTech company
• Allow users to browse and select courses

• Implement a shopping cart for users to add courses

• Integrate payment gateways for secure transactions

• Provide order confirmation and receipt to users

• Allow users to track their order status
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Implement login with Google SSO, show emails in a single place

Q1. How to implement JWT
Ans. 
JWT can be implemented by generating a token with user information and a secret key, then verifying the token using the same secret key.
• Generate a JWT token with user information and a secret key

• Include necessary claims like expiration time, issuer, etc.

• Verify the JWT token using the same secret key

• Handle token expiration and refresh if needed
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Q2. Please read about it on the internet, do take care of public and private key use
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Q3. Middleware in express, how to create one?
Ans. 
Middleware in Express is a function that has access to the request and response objects.
• Create a middleware function using app.use() method in Express.

• Middleware functions have access to the request object (req), the response object (res), and the next middleware function in the application's request-response cycle.

• Example: app.use((req, res, next) => { console.log('This is a middleware function'); next(); });
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Q4. Read about it on the internet
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Q1. Discussed about guards in Angular
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Q2. Read about it on the internet
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Q3. How does lazy loading work in Angular
Ans. 
Lazy loading in Angular delays loading of modules until they are needed
• Lazy loading helps improve performance by only loading modules when they are required

• It is achieved by using the loadChildren property in the route configuration

• Lazy loaded modules are loaded asynchronously when the user navigates to the corresponding route
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Q4. Read about lazy loading in Angular
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Q5. How to enable SSR in Angular
Ans. 
Server-side rendering (SSR) in Angular can be enabled by using Angular Universal.
• Install Angular Universal using Angular CLI

• Create a new Angular Universal project

• Update app.module.ts to include server-side rendering

• Build and run the Angular Universal project
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Q6. Read about Angular Universal for this
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Q1. Basic Questions based on pervious project
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Q1. Practical questions regarding database like sp,trigger,rank
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Q2. Difference b/w sp and function
Ans. 
Stored procedures are precompiled SQL queries stored in the database, while functions are blocks of code that can be called within SQL queries.
• Stored procedures are stored in the database and can be called using a specific name.

• Functions are defined using CREATE FUNCTION and can be called within SQL queries.

• Stored procedures can have input and output parameters, while functions can only return a single value.

• Stored pro...read more
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Q1. Salary negotiations
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Q1. 
Path Queries Problem Statement
Consider a weighted, undirected graph with 'V' vertices numbered from 1 to 'V' and 'E' bidirectional edges. You are tasked with handling 'Q' queries. For each query, you are...read more
Ans. 
Implement a function to find the shortest distance between two vertices in a weighted, undirected graph.
• Use Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path between the given vertices.

• Create a graph data structure to represent the weighted, undirected graph.

• Handle cases where no path exists between the given vertices by returning -1.

• Optimize the algorithm to handle multiple queries efficiently.

• Consider edge cases such as...read more
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Q2. 
Merge Sort Algorithm Problem Statement
Your task is to sort a sequence of numbers stored in the array ‘ARR’ in non-descending order using the Merge Sort algorithm.
Explanation:
Merge Sort is a divide-an...read more
Ans. 
Implement Merge Sort algorithm to sort a sequence of numbers in non-descending order.
• Divide the input array into two halves recursively

• Sort the two halves separately

• Merge the sorted halves to produce a fully sorted array

• Time complexity of Merge Sort is O(n log n)

• Example: Input - [5, 2, 9, 1, 5], Output - [1, 2, 5, 5, 9]
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Q3. 
Rat in a Maze: All Paths Problem
You are provided with an N * N maze where a rat is positioned at starting cell MAZE[0][0]. The goal is to determine and print all possible paths that the rat can take to r...read more
Ans. 
Given an N * N maze with binary values, find and print all possible paths for a rat to reach the destination cell.
• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths from the starting cell to the destination cell.

• At each cell, check if it is a valid move (within bounds and not blocked), then recursively explore all four directions.

• Keep track of the path taken so far and mark the cells accordingly.

• Once the destination cell i...read more
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It was on hacker rank

It was a aptitude test taken by me of the new and all the response and the of new

Q1. About Myself in details
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Q2. Past internships and work experiences
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Q1. Primary keys, Unique key
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Q2. Usage advantages and disadvantages of Indexing
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SQL- 1 departments with no users
2 dept_id and their respective no. of users

DSA1: Most frequent no. in an array
DSA2: Zero Sum subarray exists