60+ Google Interview Questions and Answers

Decision-uncertainty analysis to determine expected profit of renting external factory or expanding own factory for whisky manufacturer.

• Conduct a cost-benefit analysis for both options

• Consider the risks and uncertainties associated with each option

• Evaluate the potential returns and profitability of each option

• Assess the impact on the company's long-term growth and sustainability

• Compare the financial and non-financial factors of each option

• Example: Renting an external factory ...read more

I used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to model the bubble dynamics.

• I employed the Eulerian-Eulerian approach to model the two-phase flow of gas and liquid.

• I used the volume of fluid (VOF) method to track the interface between the gas and liquid phases.

• I considered the effects of surface tension, gravity, and turbulence on the bubble dynamics.

• I validated the CFD simulations with experimental data to ensure accuracy.

Transmission power is in multiples of 11kv due to historical reasons and practical considerations.

• Historically, the standard voltage levels for transmission were established based on the capabilities of early power generation and transmission equipment.

• Using multiples of 11kv allows for efficient power transmission and reduces losses.

• It provides a balance between transmission efficiency and equipment cost.

• Higher voltage levels require more insulation and larger conductors, in...read more

Capacitors can be used to improve power factor by storing and releasing reactive power.

• Connect capacitors in parallel with inductive loads to offset their reactive power consumption

• Choose the appropriate capacitance value based on the load's reactive power and voltage

• Use a power factor correction controller to automatically switch capacitors on and off as needed

• Capacitors can also be used in series with inductive loads to improve power factor

• Example: A factory with large moto...read more

The Navier-Stokes equation describes the motion of fluid substances.

• The Navier-Stokes equation is a set of partial differential equations that describe the motion of fluid substances.

• It takes into account the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy.

• The equation includes terms for pressure, viscosity, and acceleration.

• It is used in many fields, including engineering, physics, and meteorology.

• The equation is named after Claude-Louis Navier and George Gabriel Stokes, who inde...read more

Parallel and counter heat exchangers have different temperature profiles.

• In a parallel heat exchanger, the hot and cold fluids flow in the same direction.

• In a counter heat exchanger, the hot and cold fluids flow in opposite directions.

• In a parallel heat exchanger, the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids is constant.

• In a counter heat exchanger, the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids varies along the length of the exchanger.

• Examples of par...read more

Yes, I am against smoking and the manufacturing of cigarettes.

• I believe smoking is harmful to both individuals and society as a whole.

• Smoking is a leading cause of preventable diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems.

• Manufacturing cigarettes contributes to environmental pollution and deforestation.

• There are various campaigns and initiatives aimed at reducing smoking rates and promoting a smoke-free environment.

• Many countries have implemented stric...read more

Motor safety measures include regular maintenance, proper training, and the use of protective equipment.

• Regular maintenance and inspection of motors to ensure they are in good working condition

• Proper training for operators to understand the safe operation of motors

• Use of protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and ear protection when working with motors

• Ensuring proper grounding and electrical safety measures are in place

• Implementing lockout/tagout procedures to prevent ...read more

The inputs were chosen based on their relevance and availability of data.

• The selected inputs were deemed to have the most impact on the model's output.

• Other inputs may not have been relevant or may have lacked sufficient data.

• The model may have been designed to focus on a specific aspect or problem.

• For example, a model predicting stock prices may only consider financial data.

• NO

The 4 Ps of marketing (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) are essential in understanding how our product is positioned in the market.

• Product: Describe the features and benefits of the product, how it meets customer needs.

• Price: Discuss the pricing strategy for the product, how it compares to competitors.

• Place: Explain where and how the product is distributed, the channels used to reach customers.

• Promotion: Outline the marketing and advertising tactics used to promote the produ...read more

Deriving the continuity equation

• Continuity equation states that mass cannot be created or destroyed, only conserved

• It relates the mass flow rate, density, and velocity of a fluid

• The equation is derived from the principle of conservation of mass

• The equation can be applied to both steady and unsteady flow

• The continuity equation is important in fluid dynamics and engineering

Distillation is a process of separating components of a mixture based on their boiling points.

• Distillation column is a tall vertical vessel used for distillation

• The mixture is heated in a reboiler at the bottom of the column

• Vapors rise up the column and are condensed on trays or packing material

• The condensed liquid flows down the column and is reheated in the reboiler

• The process is repeated until the desired level of separation is achieved

Continuity equation for compressible flow

• The continuity equation states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a flow system

• For compressible flow, the equation takes into account changes in density due to changes in pressure and temperature

• The equation is expressed as: ∂(ρ)/∂t + ∇(ρv) = 0

• ρ is the density, t is time, v is velocity, and ∇ is the divergence operator

• The equation can be used to analyze fluid flow in a variety of applications, such as aerodynamics and gas dyna...read more

I used this pump because it has a higher flow rate and is more efficient for the task at hand.

• Higher flow rate

• More efficient for task

• Better suited for the job

The machine operator will work for 56 hours in 7 days, assuming 8 hours of work per day.

• The calculation is simply multiplying the number of days (7) by the number of hours worked per day (8).

• The machine operator will work a total of 56 hours in 7 days.

• This assumes a consistent 8-hour workday throughout the week.

Stresses in a two end supported beam

• The maximum stress occurs at the center of the beam

• The stress is directly proportional to the load applied

• The stress is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the beam

• The stress can be calculated using the formula: stress = (M*y)/I

• M is the bending moment, y is the distance from the neutral axis, and I is the moment of inertia

Swinging of the cricket ball is the movement of the ball in the air due to the aerodynamic properties of the ball.

• Swinging occurs due to the difference in air pressure on either side of the ball.

• The side of the ball that is rougher creates turbulence in the air, causing the ball to swing towards that side.

• Bowlers use various techniques such as shining one side of the ball or applying saliva to create differential roughness.

• Swinging can be both inwards (towards the batsman) or...read more

Increasing sales can be achieved through various strategies such as improving marketing, offering promotions, and enhancing customer experience.

• Improve marketing efforts through targeted advertising and social media campaigns

• Offer promotions such as discounts, buy-one-get-one-free deals, and loyalty programs

• Enhance customer experience by providing excellent customer service, personalized recommendations, and easy checkout processes

• Expand product offerings to attract new custo...read more

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a closed system always increases over time.

• Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system.

• Heat always flows from hot to cold objects, never the other way around.

• Efficiency of energy conversion decreases over time.

• Examples include the cooling of a hot cup of coffee, the expansion of a gas, and the decay of radioactive materials.

• This law has important implications for energy use and conservation.

The four P's of marketing are Product, Price, Place, and Promotion.

• Product: Refers to the actual goods or services being offered to customers.

• Price: The amount customers are charged for the product or service.

• Place: The locations where the product is sold and how it is distributed.

• Promotion: The methods used to communicate with customers and persuade them to purchase the product.

A PID controller is a feedback control loop that calculates an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable.

• PID stands for Proportional-Integral-Derivative

• It is commonly used in industrial control systems to regulate temperature, pressure, flow, and other process variables

• The proportional term responds to the current error value, the integral term responds to the accumulated error over time, and the derivative term responds to the r...read more

The retirement age for ITC varies depending on the country and local regulations.

• Retirement age for ITC employees in India is typically 60 years.

• In some countries, the retirement age may be higher or lower based on local laws.

• Employees may also have the option to retire earlier or later based on personal choice and company policies.

I would highlight the unique features and benefits of xyz product and demonstrate how it can increase sales and customer satisfaction for retailers.

• Identify the target market and tailor the pitch accordingly

• Emphasize the product's unique selling points such as quality, affordability, and versatility

• Provide examples of how the product has helped other retailers increase sales and customer satisfaction

• Offer incentives such as discounts or free samples to encourage retailers to ...read more

It depends on personal preferences and career goals.

• Consider the company culture and values

• Evaluate the job responsibilities and growth opportunities

• Research the industry and market trends

• Assess the compensation and benefits package

• Seek advice from current or former employees

• Example: If you value work-life balance, ITC may be a better fit as they offer flexible work arrangements. However, if you prioritize prestige and challenging projects, BCG may be more suitable.

• Example: I...read more

The suitable cross section for a shaft on which a hoist is mounted is typically circular due to its strength and ability to handle torsional loads.

• Circular cross section is commonly used for shafts due to its strength and ability to handle torsional loads

• Other cross sections like square or hexagonal can also be used depending on specific requirements

• The material of the shaft also plays a crucial role in determining the suitable cross section

ITC Limited is the full form of ITC.

• ITC stands for Indian Tobacco Company

• ITC Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate company

• It has businesses in various sectors like FMCG, hotels, paperboards, agri-business, and information technology

Adsorption is the process of molecules sticking to the surface of a solid or liquid.

• Adsorption occurs when molecules in a gas or liquid adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid.

• An everyday example of adsorption is when a sponge absorbs water.

• Activated charcoal is a common material used for adsorption in air and water purification.

• Adsorption is different from absorption, which is when a substance is taken in and distributed evenly throughout another substance.

Types of gear include spur, helical, bevel, worm, rack and pinion, and planetary. Limit fits and tolerance ensure proper fit. Pricegen instruments measure gear characteristics.

• Spur gear has straight teeth and is used for low-speed applications.

• Helical gear has angled teeth and is used for high-speed applications.

• Bevel gear has cone-shaped teeth and is used for changing the direction of power transmission.

• Worm gear has a screw-like thread and is used for high reduction ratios....read more

FMCG stands for Fast Moving Consumer Goods. It is a highly competitive industry that deals with products that are sold quickly and at a relatively low cost.

• FMCG products are non-durable goods that are consumed on a daily basis

• The industry includes products such as food and beverages, personal care items, cleaning products, and over-the-counter drugs

• Branding and advertising play a crucial role in the success of FMCG products

• FMCG companies often rely on a wide distribution netw...read more

Absorption mechanism refers to the process by which a substance is taken up by another substance.

• Absorption can occur through various routes such as oral, topical, inhalation, and injection.

• Factors affecting absorption include solubility, concentration, surface area, and pH.

• Examples of absorption mechanisms include the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine and the absorption of drugs through the skin.

• Absorption can also be influenced by the presence of other substanc...read more

Yes, I am familiar with various processes for FMCG goods.

• One of the most common processes is the manufacturing process, which involves sourcing raw materials, processing them, and packaging the final product.

• Another important process is the distribution process, which involves transporting the finished goods to various retail outlets and warehouses.

• There is also the marketing process, which involves promoting the product through various channels such as advertising, sales pro...read more

I am passionate about sales and have the ability to solve customer problems.

• I have a strong interest in sales and marketing and enjoy the challenge of meeting customer needs.

• I have excellent communication and problem-solving skills, which allow me to understand customer pain points and provide effective solutions.

• I am able to actively listen to customers, identify their problems, and offer tailored solutions.

• I have experience in conducting market research to understand custom...read more

ITC offers benefits such as improved communication, increased efficiency, and enhanced collaboration.

• Improved communication through email, messaging, and video conferencing tools

• Increased efficiency with automated processes and streamlined workflows

• Enhanced collaboration with shared calendars, documents, and project management tools

To handle theft, security officers should secure the scene, gather evidence, review surveillance footage, interview witnesses, and report the incident to authorities.

• Secure the scene to preserve evidence and prevent further theft

• Gather physical evidence such as fingerprints, footprints, or stolen items

• Review surveillance footage to identify the thief and their actions

• Interview witnesses to gather information and potential leads

• Report the incident to authorities and provide al...read more

Marketing techniques refer to the strategies and tactics used by companies to promote their products or services.

• Identifying target audience

• Creating a unique value proposition

• Utilizing social media platforms

• Implementing SEO and SEM

• Offering promotions and discounts

• Collaborating with influencers

• Hosting events and webinars

In case of a fire, I would follow the emergency evacuation procedures and assist others in evacuating the building safely.

• Immediately activate the fire alarm to alert others

• Assist any individuals who may need help evacuating, such as elderly or disabled individuals

• Follow designated evacuation routes to exit the building safely

• Do not use elevators during a fire, use stairs instead

• Once outside, move to a safe distance from the building and wait for further instructions from eme...read more

Missing data can be handled by imputation, deletion, or using algorithms that can handle missing values.

• Imputation: Fill missing values with mean, median, mode, or using predictive modeling.

• Deletion: Remove rows or columns with missing values.

• Algorithms: Use algorithms like Random Forest, XGBoost, or LightGBM that can handle missing values.

• Consider the reason for missing data and choose the appropriate method for handling it.

Lists allow duplicate elements and maintain insertion order, while sets do not allow duplicates and do not maintain order.

• Lists allow duplicate elements, sets do not

• Lists maintain insertion order, sets do not

• Lists are accessed by index, sets are accessed by value

Random Forest Classifier is an ensemble learning method that builds multiple decision trees and merges them to improve accuracy.

• Random Forest is a collection of decision trees that work together to make predictions.

• Each tree in the Random Forest is built using a subset of the training data and a random subset of features.

• The final prediction is made by aggregating the predictions of all the individual trees, usually through voting or averaging.

• Random Forest is a popular algor...read more

I'm sorry, but I cannot answer this question as it is unclear what is being referred to as 'mrp rate of all brand'.

• Please provide more context or clarification on what is meant by 'mrp rate of all brand'.

• Without knowing the specific brand or product being referred to, it is impossible to provide an accurate answer.

• It is important to have clear and specific questions in order to receive helpful and informative answers.

Pipes are circular because the circular shape is the most efficient for containing and transporting fluids.

• Circular shape provides the most efficient flow of fluids with minimal resistance

• Circular shape evenly distributes pressure along the pipe walls

• Circular shape is easier to manufacture and install compared to other shapes

• Circular shape allows for easier cleaning and maintenance

• Examples: water pipes, sewer pipes, gas pipes

Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work that may be performed by a system at constant temperature and pressure.

• Gibbs free energy is denoted by the symbol G.

• It takes into account both the enthalpy and entropy of a system.

• A negative Gibbs free energy indicates a spontaneous reaction.

• It is used to predict the feasibility of a chemical reaction.

• The formula for Gibbs free energy is: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔG is the change in Gibbs fre...read more

ITC has four product divisions: FMCG, Hotels, Agri-Business, and Paperboards and Packaging.

• FMCG division includes products like Aashirvaad, Sunfeast, Bingo, etc.

• Hotels division includes brands like ITC Hotels, WelcomHotels, Fortune Hotels, etc.

• Agri-Business division deals with commodities like wheat, rice, coffee, etc.

• Paperboards and Packaging division includes brands like Classmate, Paperkraft, etc.

ITC has a portfolio of cigarette brands in India.

• ITC has a portfolio of cigarette brands in India

• Some of the popular brands are Gold Flake, Navy Cut, Classic, and Bristol

• ITC also has a range of premium and super-premium cigarette brands like Wills Signature, Gold Flake Luxury, and Classic Milds

• ITC's cigarette brands cater to different price points and consumer preferences

The least count of a caliper is the smallest measurement that can be accurately read on the caliper scale.

• The least count is determined by the number of divisions on the scale and the length of the scale.

• For example, if a caliper has 20 divisions on the scale and the length of the scale is 10 mm, the least count would be 0.5 mm (10 mm / 20 divisions).

• The least count is important for accurately measuring small distances or dimensions using a caliper.

A returnable gate pass is a document issued to authorize the return of goods or materials through a specific gate.

• Issued to authorize the return of goods or materials

• Specifies the gate through which the return is allowed

• Helps in tracking and managing returns efficiently

Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

• Entropy increases as the system becomes more disordered.

• It is a thermodynamic quantity that is related to the number of possible arrangements of particles in a system.

• Entropy can also be thought of as a measure of the amount of energy in a system that is not available to do work.

• An example of entropy is the melting of ice into water, where the solid ice has lower entropy than the liquid water.

ITC Limited offers a wide range of products including FMCG, hotels, paperboards, packaging, agri-business, and more.

• FMCG products include Aashirvaad, Sunfeast, Bingo!, Yippee!, and more

• Hotels include ITC Hotels, WelcomHotels, and Fortune Hotels

• Paperboards include Classmate and Paperkraft

• Agri-business includes e-Choupal and ITC Master Chef

• Packaging includes Essentra Packaging and Packaging Solutions

• ITC also has a presence in the education and stationery sectors

• ITC's products a...read more

Debit and credit are accounting terms used to record financial transactions in a company's general ledger.

• Debit is an entry that increases assets or expenses and decreases liabilities or equity.

• Credit is an entry that decreases assets or expenses and increases liabilities or equity.

• Debits are recorded on the left side of an account, while credits are recorded on the right side.

• For example, when a company receives cash, it debits the cash account and credits the revenue accoun...read more

Maintenance planning involves scheduling regular inspections, identifying potential issues, prioritizing tasks, and allocating resources efficiently.

• Create a maintenance schedule based on equipment manufacturer recommendations

• Conduct regular inspections to identify potential issues before they become major problems

• Prioritize maintenance tasks based on criticality and impact on production

• Allocate resources such as manpower, tools, and spare parts efficiently

• Utilize predictive ...read more

I have previous experience in procurement and have successfully managed procurement processes in my previous roles.

• Managed procurement processes for a team of 10 in my previous role

• Negotiated contracts with vendors to reduce costs by 15%

• Implemented a new procurement system that improved efficiency by 20%

• Trained new team members on procurement processes and procedures

Sales and marketing involves promoting and selling products or services to customers.

• Sales and marketing is the process of identifying, attracting, and retaining customers.

• It involves creating and implementing strategies to promote products or services.

• Sales focuses on closing deals and generating revenue, while marketing focuses on creating awareness and generating leads.

• Sales and marketing teams work together to achieve business goals.

• Examples include advertising campaigns,...read more

The golden rule is a moral principle that encourages people to treat others as they would like to be treated themselves.

• The golden rule is also known as the ethic of reciprocity.

• It is found in many religions and cultures around the world.

• Examples include 'Do unto others as you would have them do unto you' in Christianity and 'What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others' in Islam.

Depreciation is the allocation of the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life.

• Depreciation is a non-cash expense that reduces the value of an asset over time.

• It reflects the wear and tear, age, and obsolescence of the asset.

• Common methods of calculating depreciation include straight-line, double declining balance, and units of production.

• Depreciation is important for accurately reflecting the true value of assets on a company's balance sheet.

• Example: A company purchases...read more

Repo rate is the rate at which the central bank lends money to commercial banks for a short period of time.

• Repo rate is used by central banks to control inflation and liquidity in the economy.

• A higher repo rate means higher borrowing costs for banks, leading to lower liquidity in the market.

• Conversely, a lower repo rate encourages banks to borrow more, increasing liquidity in the market.

• For example, if the central bank sets the repo rate at 5%, it means that banks can borrow ...read more

Productivity is the measure of efficiency in completing tasks or achieving goals.

• Productivity is the ratio of output to input.

• It is a measure of how efficiently resources are being used to achieve a goal.

• Examples of productivity measures include units produced per hour, sales per employee, or revenue per square foot.

• Improving productivity can lead to increased profitability and competitiveness.

• Factors that can affect productivity include technology, training, motivation, and ...read more

Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm that uses a binary heap data structure.

• Heap sort works by first building a max heap from the input array.

• It then repeatedly extracts the maximum element from the heap and rebuilds the heap.

• The time complexity of heap sort is O(n log n) and it is an in-place sorting algorithm.

• Example: [4, 10, 3, 5, 1] -> [1, 3, 4, 5, 10]

The best sorting algorithm is dependent on the specific use case and data size.

• Quick Sort is efficient for large datasets due to its average time complexity of O(n log n)

• Merge Sort is stable and has a time complexity of O(n log n) but requires extra space

• Insertion Sort is simple and efficient for small datasets with time complexity of O(n^2)

• Heap Sort is efficient and has a time complexity of O(n log n) but is not stable