ITC Infotech Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Q1. What is the difference between lists and tuples in programming?
Ans. 
Lists are mutable and can change, while tuples are immutable and cannot be altered after creation.
• Mutability: Lists are mutable (e.g., list.append(4)), tuples are immutable (e.g., tuple[0] = 1 raises an error).

• Syntax: Lists use square brackets (e.g., my_list = [1, 2, 3]), tuples use parentheses (e.g., my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)).

• Performance: Tuples are generally faster than lists due to their immutability.

• Use Cases: Use list...read more
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Q2. What are tuples in programming?
Ans. 
Tuples are immutable sequences in Python, used to store collections of items.
• Tuples are defined using parentheses: example: `my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)`.

• They can hold mixed data types: example: `mixed_tuple = (1, 'hello', 3.14)`.

• Tuples are immutable, meaning their contents cannot be changed after creation.

• They support indexing and slicing: example: `my_tuple[1]` returns `2`.

• Tuples can be nested: example: `nested_tuple = ((1,...read more
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Q3. What are decorated items or objects?
Ans. 
Decorators in Python are a powerful tool for modifying the behavior of functions or methods dynamically.
• Function Modification: Decorators allow you to wrap a function, modifying its behavior without changing its code. Example: @staticmethod.

• Code Reusability: They promote code reusability by allowing common functionality to be applied to multiple functions. Example: logging decorators.

• Chaining Decorators: Multiple decor...read more
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Q4. What is Python?
Ans. 
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability and versatility in various applications.
• Easy to learn and use, making it ideal for beginners. Example: Simple syntax like 'print("Hello, World!")'.

• Supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

• Rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, such as Django for web development and Nu...read more
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Q5. What are the data types available in Python?
Ans. 
Python supports various built-in data types for handling different kinds of data efficiently.
• 1. Numeric Types: Includes integers (e.g., 5), floats (e.g., 3.14), and complex numbers (e.g., 2 + 3j).

• 2. Sequence Types: Lists (e.g., [1, 2, 3]), tuples (e.g., (1, 2, 3)), and ranges (e.g., range(5)).

• 3. Text Type: Strings (e.g., 'Hello, World!') are used for textual data.

• 4. Mapping Type: Dictionaries (e.g., {'key': 'value'}) s...read more
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Q1. Select 3 rd highest salary from employee table
Ans. 
To select the 3rd highest salary from the employee table, you can use a SQL query with the 'LIMIT' and 'OFFSET' keywords.
• Use a SQL query like 'SELECT salary FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 1 OFFSET 2' to get the 3rd highest salary.

• The 'ORDER BY' clause sorts the salaries in descending order, 'LIMIT 1' limits the result to 1 row, and 'OFFSET 2' skips the first two rows.

• Make sure to adjust the 'OFFSET' value if ...read more
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Q2. Difference between put and patch
Ans. 
Put is used to create or replace a resource, while patch is used to update a resource partially.
• Put is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests will have the same effect as a single request

• Patch is not idempotent, as multiple identical requests may have different effects

• Put requires the client to send the entire updated resource, while patch only requires the specific changes to be sent
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Q3. Difference between == and equals in string
Ans. 
The == operator checks for reference equality, while the equals method checks for value equality in strings.
• Use == to check if two string variables refer to the same object in memory.

• Use equals() method to check if two string variables have the same sequence of characters.

• Example: String str1 = "hello"; String str2 = "hello"; str1 == str2 will return false, but str1.equals(str2) will return true.
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Q4. Difference way of declaring String
Ans. 
String can be declared using double quotes, single quotes, or the String constructor.
• Declare using double quotes: String str1 = "Hello";

• Declare using single quotes: String str2 = 'World';

• Declare using String constructor: String str3 = new String("Java");
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Q5. Difference between String builder and String buffer
Ans. 
String builder is not synchronized, while String buffer is synchronized.
• String builder is faster than String buffer because it is not synchronized.

• String buffer is thread-safe, while String builder is not.

• String builder is preferred for single-threaded applications, while String buffer is preferred for multi-threaded applications.
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Q6. Convert array into arraylist
Ans. 
Convert array to ArrayList of strings
• Create a new ArrayList<String>

• Use Arrays.asList() method to convert array to ArrayList

• Example: String[] array = {"apple", "banana", "orange"}; ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(array));
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Basic questions and solvable

Mainly on java and python

Q1. Brief me about yourself
Ans. 
I am a dedicated Software Test Engineer with 5 years of experience in manual and automated testing.
• 5 years of experience in software testing

• Proficient in manual and automated testing

• Strong knowledge of testing methodologies and tools

• Experience in creating test plans and test cases

• Good communication and problem-solving skills
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Q2. What is your skills
Ans. 
I have strong skills in manual and automated testing, test planning, test case design, defect tracking, and regression testing.
• Proficient in manual testing techniques and methodologies

• Experience in creating test plans and test cases

• Skilled in using automated testing tools like Selenium

• Ability to track and manage defects effectively

• Experience in regression testing to ensure software quality

• Familiarity with Agile and Scr...read more
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