iOPEX Technologies System Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven layers.

• The OSI model divides the communication process into seven layers, each with its own specific functions.

• The layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer provides services to the layer above it and uses services from t...read more

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol that provides error checking and flow control.

• TCP is responsible for breaking data into packets and reassembling them at the destination

• TCP header contains source and destination port numbers, sequence and acknowledgement numbers, and flags

• TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a connection and a four-way handshake to terminate it

ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. It is used to map a network address (such as an IP address) to a physical address (such as a MAC address).

• ARP is a protocol used in computer networking.

• It is used to translate network addresses to physical addresses.

• ARP operates at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model.

• ARP is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses.

• ARP cache is used to store the mapping of IP addresses t

OSPF has seven stages including DR and BDR election.

• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used in IP networks.

• The seven stages of OSPF are Down, Init, Attempt, 2-Way, Exstart, Exchange, and Full.

• DR (Designated Router) and BDR (Backup Designated Router) are elected in multi-access networks to reduce the number of adjacencies.

• DR and BDR are elected based on priority, with the highest priority becoming DR ...read more

IPSEC VPN is a secure network connection that uses encryption and authentication protocols. Phase 1 establishes a secure channel, while Phase 2 sets up the actual VPN tunnel.

• IPSEC VPN provides secure communication over an untrusted network.

• Phase 1 negotiates the security parameters and establishes a secure channel.

• Phase 2 sets up the actual VPN tunnel for data transmission.

• Phase 1 uses the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) p...read more

VLAN is a logical grouping of network devices, Inter VLAN allows communication between VLANs, VTP manages VLAN configuration, STP/RSTP prevent network loops.

• VLAN separates a physical network into multiple logical networks

• Inter VLAN routing allows communication between VLANs

• VTP manages VLAN configuration across multiple switches

• STP/RSTP prevent network loops by disabling redundant links

• Example: VLAN 10 for finance, VLAN...read more

DNS is a system that translates domain names into IP addresses. DNS records contain information about a domain's IP address and other settings.

• DNS stands for Domain Name System

• DNS translates domain names into IP addresses

• DNS records contain information about a domain's IP address and other settings

• There are different types of DNS records such as A, CNAME, MX, etc.

• To resolve a query, the DNS server looks up the requeste...read more