10+ Aditya Birla Group Interview Questions and Answers

SystemVerilog arrays are data structures that store multiple elements of the same data type. Tasks and functions are reusable blocks of code.

• SystemVerilog arrays can be declared using the 'array' keyword, with different types like dynamic arrays, associative arrays, and queues.

• Tasks are reusable blocks of code that can contain a sequence of statements and can be called multiple times within a module.

• Functions are similar to tasks but return a value and can be used to perform ...read more

A 4x4 matrix with diagonal elements as multiples of 5.

• Diagonal elements: [5, 10, 15, 20]

• Non-diagonal elements can be any value

• Example matrix: [[5, 2, 3, 4], [1, 10, 6, 7], [8, 9, 15, 11], [12, 13, 14, 20]]

Test bench environment for FIFO involves creating stimuli to test the functionality of a FIFO design.

• Create stimulus to write data into the FIFO

• Create stimulus to read data from the FIFO

• Implement checks to verify data integrity and order

• Randomize data inputs to test different scenarios

• Monitor FIFO status signals for debugging

There are three types of transitions in PCIe: TLP (Transaction Layer Packet) Data, TLP Address, and DLLP (Data Link Layer Packet).

• TLP (Transaction Layer Packet) Data transition carries payload data from the sender to the receiver.

• TLP Address transition contains the address information of the data being transmitted.

• DLLP (Data Link Layer Packet) transition is used for flow control and error handling.

I have faced various DRCs and simulation debugs in my experience as a Senior DFT Engineer.

• I have encountered DRCs related to clock domain crossing issues

• I have debugged simulation mismatches between RTL and gate-level netlists

• I have resolved DRC violations related to scan chain connectivity

• I have optimized scan chain insertion to meet timing constraints

An AND gate can be implemented using a 4:2 MUX by connecting the inputs to the select lines and the outputs to the MUX inputs.

• Connect the two inputs to the select lines of the MUX

• Connect one of the MUX inputs to Vcc and the other to ground

• Connect the output of the MUX to the AND gate output

• The truth table of the AND gate can be implemented using the truth table of the MUX

• Example: If the select lines are 00, the output of the MUX will be the input connected to ground

An interrupt is a signal sent to the CPU to alert it of an event that needs immediate attention. ISR stands for Interrupt Service Routine, which is a function that handles the interrupt.

• Interrupt is a mechanism used by hardware devices to request attention from the CPU.

• ISR is a specific routine that is executed in response to an interrupt.

• ISRs are used to handle events that require immediate attention, such as hardware interrupts or software exceptions.

• Examples of interrupts ...read more

MC protocols manage communication in embedded systems, ensuring efficient data transfer and resource allocation.

• MC protocols stand for Medium Access Control protocols, crucial in networked embedded systems.

• Examples include ALOHA, CSMA/CD, and TDMA, each with unique methods for managing access to shared communication channels.

• In wireless sensor networks, MC protocols help reduce collisions and improve energy efficiency.

• Protocols like Zigbee and Bluetooth use MC protocols to ma...read more

Antenna issues can be solved by proper layout techniques and design considerations.

• Ensure proper spacing between antenna and other components to reduce interference

• Use shielding techniques like ground planes or metal layers to minimize radiation

• Optimize the shape and size of the antenna for better performance

• Avoid sharp corners or discontinuities in the antenna layout

• Perform simulations and testing to validate the antenna design

Latch is level triggered and stores data while enabled. Flip-flop is edge triggered and stores data on clock signal.

• Latch is asynchronous while flip-flop is synchronous

• Latch has only one input while flip-flop has two inputs

• SR latch, D latch, and JK latch are examples of latches

• D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop are examples of flip-flops

Swapping the values of two variables without using a temporary variable.

• Use XOR operation to swap two variables without using a temporary variable.

• Example: a = 5, b = 10. After swapping, a = 10, b = 5.