100+ Durabilitate Solutions Interview Questions and Answers

Possible reasons for an atomic spark job running for more than an hour.

• Data size may have increased beyond the capacity of the cluster

• Issues with network connectivity or hardware failure

• Inefficient code or poorly optimized queries

• Resource contention with other jobs running on the cluster

• Data skew or data imbalance

• Incorrect configuration settings

A dataframe is a two-dimensional tabular data structure in which data is organized in rows and columns. It differs from a dataset in terms of structure and functionality.

• A dataframe is a data structure in which data is organized in a tabular format with rows and columns.

• It is commonly used in data analysis and manipulation tasks.

• Dataframes can handle both structured and semi-structured data.

• They provide a convenient way to store and manipulate large datasets.

• Dataframes offer ...read more

To communicate between two REST APIs, use HTTP requests and implement security measures such as authentication and encryption.

• Use HTTP requests such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to communicate between two REST APIs

• Implement authentication measures such as OAuth or API keys to ensure secure communication

• Use encryption techniques such as SSL or TLS to protect sensitive data during transmission

• Consider using a message broker such as RabbitMQ or Kafka for asynchronous communicat...read more

Answering questions related to VLAN, VTP, STP, OSPF, IP classes and range, subnetting, NAT, Cisco routers, and F5 load balancer.

• VLAN is a virtual LAN that allows network administrators to group devices together based on their function or team.

• VTP is VLAN Trunking Protocol that manages VLAN configuration consistency across a network.

• Server mode is normally used in switches for VTP.

• STP is Spanning Tree Protocol that prevents network loops by blocking redundant paths.

• OSPF states...read more

Creating a Spring Boot application for web and database operations

• Create a new Spring Boot project using Spring Initializr

• Add necessary dependencies for web and database operations in pom.xml

• Create a database schema and configure database connection in application.properties

• Create entity classes and corresponding repositories

• Create REST controllers for web operations

• Test the application using Postman or any other REST client

Interview questions for Technology Analyst role

• WebAPI is a framework for building HTTP services that can be consumed by a wide range of clients

• Postman is a tool used for testing APIs by sending HTTP requests and receiving responses

• To delete duplicate records in SQL, use the DELETE statement with a subquery that identifies the duplicates

• AJAX is a technique for creating asynchronous web applications that update parts of a page without reloading the entire page

• LINQ is a language...read more

To write a REST API for updating and creating a new resource, follow these pointers.

• Define the API endpoint and HTTP method for creating and updating resources

• Validate the input data and handle errors appropriately

• Update or create the resource in the database

• Return a response with the updated or created resource and a status code indicating success

5 Spring boot annotations and their uses

• 1. @SpringBootApplication - used to mark the main class of a Spring Boot application

• 2. @RestController - used to mark a class as a RESTful controller

• 3. @Autowired - used to inject dependencies into a class

• 4. @RequestMapping - used to map HTTP requests to methods in a controller

• 5. @EnableAutoConfiguration - used to enable Spring Boot's auto-configuration feature

To find the first 3 highest student records from a class of students.

• Sort the student records in descending order based on their scores.

• Select the top 3 records from the sorted list.

• If there are ties, include all students with the same score in the top 3.

• Consider edge cases such as empty records or less than 3 records.

Authentication verifies identity, authorization verifies access. Spring Boot uses role-based authorization.

• Authentication confirms the user's identity, authorization determines what the user can access

• Spring Boot uses role-based authorization, where users are assigned roles and permissions are granted to those roles

• Examples of authorization include file permissions, access control lists, and role-based access control

Designing a database for a parking lot and creating relationships between tables.

• Create a table for parking spots with a unique ID

• Create a table for vehicles with a unique ID

• Create a table for parking transactions with a unique ID, parking spot ID, and vehicle ID

• Establish a one-to-many relationship between parking spots and parking transactions

• Establish a one-to-many relationship between vehicles and parking transactions

I would prefer Spring Data JPA repository as it provides easy implementation of CRUD operations and supports multiple databases.

• Spring Data JPA provides a simple and efficient way to implement CRUD operations.

• It supports multiple databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, etc.

• It also provides features like pagination, sorting, and querying.

• Spring Data JPA reduces boilerplate code and increases productivity.

• Example: JpaRepository interface in Spring Data JPA provides default...read more

Caching all dataframe can slow execution due to memory constraints and increased I/O operations.

• Caching all dataframes can lead to memory constraints as all data is stored in memory.

• Increased I/O operations can also slow down execution as data is constantly being read and written to disk.

• Caching should be used judiciously and only for frequently accessed data.

• Partitioning data can also help in reducing memory constraints and improving performance.

Creating relationships between tables in JPA using entities

• Use annotations such as @ManyToOne, @OneToMany, @OneToOne, and @ManyToMany to define relationships

• Specify the target entity and the mapping column using @JoinColumn

• Use the mappedBy attribute to specify the inverse side of the relationship

• Example: @ManyToOne(targetEntity = Author.class) @JoinColumn(name = "author_id") private Author author;

• Example: @OneToMany(mappedBy = "author") private List books;

The @primary annotation is used to mark a primary key in a database table.

• It is used in database design to indicate the primary key of a table

• It is often used in conjunction with other annotations such as @Entity and @Id

• It can be used to specify the name of the primary key column

• Example: @Entity @Table(name = "users") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(name = "user_id") private Long id; }

Parameterised constructor executes first if called explicitly, else default constructor.

• If an object is created without any arguments, default constructor executes first.

• If an object is created with arguments, parameterised constructor executes first.

• Explicitly calling parameterised constructor will execute it first.

There are two types of constructors in .Net: Default and Parameterized.

• Default constructors are used to create an object with default values.

• Parameterized constructors are used to create an object with custom values.

• Parameterized constructors can have multiple parameters.

• Example: public class Person { public Person(string name, int age) { this.Name = name; this.Age = age; } }

Some alternatives for the tech stack mentioned above could be React Native for mobile development, Django for backend, and PostgreSQL for database.

• React Native for cross-platform mobile development

• Django for backend development

• PostgreSQL for database management

Optimizing indexes, query optimization, partitioning, caching, and hardware upgrades can improve database performance for large data sets.

• Optimize indexes to reduce the time taken for data retrieval

• Optimize queries by avoiding unnecessary joins and using appropriate indexing

• Partition large tables to distribute data across multiple storage devices for faster access

• Implement caching mechanisms to store frequently accessed data in memory for quicker retrieval

• Consider hardware up...read more

Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and Interface is a blueprint of a class.

• Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods while Interface can only have abstract methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract class can have constructors while Interface cannot.

• Example of Abstract class: Animal (abstract method: makeSound())

• Example of Interface: Runnable (abstract method: run())

Program to sort an array in descending order with minimum lines of code

• Use built-in sort function with reverse parameter

• Alternatively, use a lambda function with sorted() method

• Both methods can be implemented in one line of code

Singleton and Factory are design patterns used in software development.

• Singleton pattern ensures that only one instance of a class is created and provides a global point of access to it.

• Factory pattern provides an interface for creating objects in a superclass, but allows subclasses to alter the type of objects that will be created.

• Singleton pattern is useful when we need to limit the number of instances of a class that can be created.

• Factory pattern is useful when we want to...read more

Exception handling is crucial for any application. Spring Boot provides various ways to handle exceptions globally.

• Spring Boot provides @ControllerAdvice annotation to handle exceptions globally

• Exception handling can be done using @ExceptionHandler annotation

• Spring Boot also provides a default error page for unhandled exceptions

• Custom error pages can be created using ErrorController interface

Different types of method declaration in C#

• Static method - declared with 'static' keyword and can be called without creating an instance of the class

• Instance method - declared without 'static' keyword and can only be called on an instance of the class

• Async method - declared with 'async' keyword and can be used to perform asynchronous operations

• Extension method - declared with 'this' keyword and can be called as if it is a member of the extended class

• Partial method - declared ...read more

Explanation of terms in public static void main (string args[])

• public: Access modifier indicating that the method can be accessed from anywhere

• static: Keyword indicating that the method belongs to the class and not to an instance of the class

• void: Return type indicating that the method does not return any value

• main: Method name, the entry point of the program

• string[] args: Parameter of the method, an array of strings that can be passed as command line arguments

ListView is a legacy view for displaying lists in Android, while RecyclerView is a more flexible and efficient replacement.

• ListView is less efficient in terms of memory and performance compared to RecyclerView.

• RecyclerView provides better performance by recycling views and separating the responsibilities of layout and data management.

• RecyclerView supports more advanced features like animations and item decorations.

• ListView is simpler to implement but lacks the flexibility and...read more

Services and work manager are components in software development that help manage background tasks and processes.

• Services are components that run in the background to perform long-running operations without affecting the user interface.

• Work manager is a library that helps manage background tasks efficiently, taking into account factors like battery life and network availability.

• Services can be used for tasks like downloading files, playing music, or syncing data in the backgr...read more

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. Indexing is the process of creating a data structure to improve the speed of data retrieval.

• Normalization involves breaking down a table into smaller tables to reduce redundancy and dependency.

• Indexing involves creating a data structure to improve the speed of data retrieval.

• Normalization and indexing are important for improving database performance and data integrit...read more

Multithreading is the ability of a CPU to execute multiple threads concurrently.

• Multithreading improves performance by utilizing idle CPU time.

• Example: A web server handling multiple requests simultaneously.

• Multithreading can lead to synchronization issues and race conditions.

• Thread safety can be achieved through locks and semaphores.

Data can be passed to a COBOL program via JCL using DD statements.

• Define a DD statement in the JCL with the same name as the input file in the COBOL program

• Specify the input file name in the COBOL program's INPUT PROCEDURE

• Use the ACCEPT statement in the COBOL program to read the input data

Answers to questions related to Java programming language

• Method overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters

• Operator overloading is when operators are used with different meanings depending on the context

• String is immutable to ensure thread safety and prevent unintended changes. It can be achieved by using StringBuilder or StringBuffer

• HashMap is a key-value pair data structure that allows null values, while TreeSet is a sorted set that does...read more

C# is a programming language and DDBMS is a distributed database management system. OOPs is a programming paradigm and design patterns are reusable solutions to common software problems. Joins are used to combine data from multiple tables. Boxing and unboxing are operations to convert value types to reference types and vice versa.

• C# is an object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft.

• DDBMS is a distributed database management system that allows data to be stored...read more

Agile and waterfall are two project management methodologies. Agile is iterative and flexible, while waterfall is linear and rigid.

• Agile focuses on delivering working software in short iterations, while waterfall follows a sequential process.

• Agile encourages collaboration and adaptability, while waterfall relies on detailed planning and documentation.

• Agile allows for changes and feedback throughout the project, while waterfall requires a complete plan before development begin...read more

Use AWS Lambda to automate EC2 provisioning by writing code in Python or Node.js.

• Create a Lambda function in AWS console.

• Write code in Python or Node.js to describe the EC2 instance to be provisioned.

• Use AWS SDK to interact with EC2 API for provisioning.

• Handle error cases and cleanup resources after provisioning.

• Test the Lambda function to ensure it provisions EC2 instances correctly.

Yes, I am confident in my ability to learn programming and new technology stacks if selected.

• I have a strong foundation in computer science and technology concepts.

• I am a quick learner and have successfully picked up new programming languages and technologies in the past.

• I am dedicated to continuous learning and improvement in the technology field.

Include and require are both used to include external files in PHP, but require will cause a fatal error if the file is not found.

• Include will only produce a warning if the file is not found, while require will stop the script execution.

• Include is used when the file is not critical for the script to run, while require is used when the file is essential.

• Example: include 'header.php'; require 'config.php';

SCD 2 is a type of slowly changing dimension in data warehousing, and can be implemented in DataStage using various techniques.

• SCD 2 stands for Slowly Changing Dimension Type 2, which tracks historical changes in data over time.

• In DataStage, SCD 2 can be implemented using the Change Data Capture stage or custom SQL queries.

• To implement SCD 2 in DataStage, you need to identify the key columns for tracking changes, define the historical tracking columns, and handle inserts, upd...read more

I would rate myself as an 8 in programming.

• I have experience in multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++.

• I have worked on various projects including web development and data analysis.

• I am constantly learning and improving my skills through online courses and personal projects.

• I am comfortable with debugging and troubleshooting code.

• However, there is always room for improvement and I am open to learning new technologies and techniques.

Interface and abstract class examples in current project

• Interface defines a contract for classes to implement

• Abstract class provides partial implementation and can't be instantiated

• Example: Interface - IPaymentGateway with methods like processPayment()

• Example: Abstract class - Payment with abstract method processPayment() and concrete method logTransaction()

Collection is a group of objects while collections is a framework in Java. Collection interface is used to manipulate groups of objects.

• Collection is a group of objects while collections is a framework in Java

• Collection interface is used to manipulate groups of objects

• Collections framework provides classes like ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, etc.

• Collection interface extends Iterable interface and has methods like add(), remove(), contains(), etc.

Primary key uniquely identifies a record in a table, while unique key ensures uniqueness of a column.

• Primary key cannot have null values, while unique key can have one null value.

• A table can have only one primary key, but multiple unique keys.

• Primary key is used as a foreign key in other tables to establish relationships.

• Example: Employee ID can be a primary key, while email can be a unique key in an employee table.

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common software problems. Singleton is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object.

• Design patterns are proven solutions to recurring software problems

• Singleton pattern ensures only one instance of a class is created

• Singleton pattern is useful in scenarios where only one instance of a class is required

• Other design patterns include Factory, Observer, and Decorator patterns

Explanation of internal working of ArrayList, HashMap, and LinkedList

• ArrayList: dynamic array that can grow and shrink, stores elements in contiguous memory locations

• HashMap: stores key-value pairs, uses hashing to store and retrieve elements

• LinkedList: stores elements in nodes that point to the next node, allows for efficient insertion and deletion

I am familiar with a wide range of technologies including programming languages, databases, cloud computing, and cybersecurity.

• Programming languages (e.g. Java, Python, C++)

• Databases (e.g. SQL, MongoDB)

• Cloud computing platforms (e.g. AWS, Azure)

• Cybersecurity tools and practices

• Machine learning and AI technologies

Agile was followed in the project by implementing iterative development, continuous feedback, and collaboration.

• The project used Scrum framework for agile implementation.

• Sprints were planned and executed to deliver incremental value.

• Daily stand-up meetings were held to discuss progress and address any issues.

• Backlog grooming sessions were conducted to prioritize and refine user stories.

• Continuous integration and automated testing were used to ensure code quality.

• Regular retro...read more

TreeMap is a data structure in Java that stores key-value pairs in a sorted order based on the keys.

• TreeMap implements the Map interface and uses a Red-Black tree for storage.

• It provides efficient operations like insertion, deletion, and retrieval of elements.

• Elements are sorted based on the natural ordering of keys or a custom Comparator.

• Example: TreeMap treeMap = new TreeMap<>(); treeMap.put("A", 1);

Configure JPA with Spring Boot

• Add the Spring Data JPA dependency in pom.xml

• Create an entity class with @Entity annotation

• Create a repository interface extending JpaRepository

• Add @EnableJpaRepositories annotation to main class

• Configure database properties in application.properties

• Use @Transactional annotation for database transactions

We are currently working on various technologies including AI, Machine Learning, and Blockchain.

• AI: Developing chatbots and virtual assistants for customer service

• Machine Learning: Building predictive models for sales forecasting

• Blockchain: Exploring use cases for supply chain management

To improve performance in Datastage, optimize job design, use efficient coding practices, utilize parallel processing, and monitor job performance.

• Optimize job design by reducing unnecessary stages and transformations

• Use efficient coding practices such as avoiding unnecessary data reads and writes

• Utilize parallel processing to take advantage of multiple CPU cores

• Monitor job performance using Datastage Director or other monitoring tools

Spark usage differs in on Prem and cloud environments.

• Deployment: On Prem requires setting up and managing infrastructure, while cloud provides pre-configured environments.

• Scalability: Cloud offers easy scalability by adding or removing resources as needed, while On Prem requires manual scaling.

• Cost: On Prem involves upfront hardware and maintenance costs, while cloud offers pay-as-you-go pricing.

• Flexibility: Cloud allows for quick provisioning and experimentation, while On P...read more

Filter employee objects from a list using Java streams.

• Use stream() method to convert the list to a stream.

• Use filter() method to specify the condition for filtering employee objects.

• Use collect() method to collect the filtered employee objects into a new list.

Finalize is used to perform any necessary cleanup operations before an object is destroyed, while dispose is used to release unmanaged resources.

• Finalize is a method that is automatically called by the garbage collector when an object is no longer in use.

• Dispose is a method that must be called explicitly to release unmanaged resources.

• Finalize is not guaranteed to be called, while Dispose is.

• Examples of unmanaged resources include file handles, database connections, and netwo...read more

I can add value to the organization by leveraging my technical expertise, problem-solving skills, and ability to adapt to new technologies.

• Utilizing my strong analytical skills to identify and solve complex technical problems

• Staying up-to-date with the latest technology trends and implementing innovative solutions

• Collaborating with cross-functional teams to drive successful technology projects

• Providing strategic insights and recommendations for improving processes and efficie...read more

A unique composite key is a combination of two or more columns that uniquely identifies a record in a table.

• It is used to ensure data integrity and avoid duplicate records.

• It is created by combining two or more columns that individually may not be unique.

• Examples include a combination of first name, last name, and date of birth in a patient database.

• It is commonly used in database design and normalization.

Template for creating CloudFormation stacks

• Define the resources to be created in the stack

• Specify the properties for each resource

• Set up dependencies between resources

• Include any parameters or conditions needed for the stack

• Use AWS CloudFormation Designer or AWS CLI to create the stack

Data structures are different in terms of their implementation, efficiency, and usage in solving specific problems.

• Different data structures have different ways of organizing and storing data, such as arrays, linked lists, trees, and graphs.

• Each data structure has its own set of operations that can be performed efficiently, such as searching, inserting, deleting, and sorting.

• Choosing the right data structure is crucial for optimizing performance and memory usage in different ...read more

A static method is a method that belongs to a class rather than an instance of the class.

• Static methods can be called without creating an instance of the class.

• They are often used for utility functions that don't require access to instance variables.

• Static methods are declared using the 'static' keyword.

• Example: Math.max() is a static method that returns the maximum of two numbers.

Analytic functions in SQL are used to perform calculations across a set of rows related to the current row.

• Common analytic functions include ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK, LEAD, and LAG.

• They can be used to calculate running totals, moving averages, and identify duplicates in a dataset.

• Analytic functions are typically used with the OVER() clause to define the window of rows to be used in the calculation.

Method overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters, while method overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method in its superclass.

• Method overloading involves multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Method overriding involves a subclass providing a specific implementation of a method in its superclass.

• Method overloading is resolved at compile time, while method overriding is resolved at run...read more

LINQ is a feature in C# that allows for querying data from different data sources.

• LINQ stands for Language Integrated Query

• It is used to query data from collections, databases, XML, and other data sources

• LINQ provides a consistent model for working with data regardless of the data source

• Example: querying a list of objects to filter, sort, or group data

A class in Spring MVC that provides global exception handling and model attributes for all controllers.

• Used to handle exceptions across multiple controllers

• Can add common model attributes to all controllers

• Can be used to customize error responses

• Can be annotated with @RestControllerAdvice to return JSON responses

An interface is a point of interaction between components, allowing them to communicate and interact with each other.

• Interfaces define a set of methods that a class must implement.

• They provide a way to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in programming.

• Interfaces are used to establish communication between different software components.

• Examples include Java interfaces, which define a contract that implementing classes must follow.

Spring Boot is a framework for building stand-alone, production-grade Spring-based Applications. Spring MVC is a part of the Spring Framework for building web applications.

• Spring Boot is used for creating standalone Spring applications with minimal configuration, while Spring MVC is used for building web applications using the Spring Framework.

• HashMap is a non-synchronized collection class, while Hashtable is a synchronized collection class.

• Spring Boot simplifies the developm...read more

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) configurations include RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10, and RAID 50.

• RAID 0: Striping without parity

• RAID 1: Mirroring

• RAID 5: Striping with distributed parity

• RAID 6: Striping with dual distributed parity

• RAID 10: Mirrored sets in a striped array

• RAID 50: Striped sets in a mirrored array

• Different RAID levels offer varying levels of performance, fault tolerance, and capacity.

• RAID can be implemented using hardware or software.

• Examp...read more

An immutable class is a class whose objects cannot be modified after creation.

• Make all fields private and final

• Do not provide any setter methods

• Ensure that any mutable objects are defensively copied

• Override equals() and hashCode() methods

• Make the class final

A good database design should be efficient, scalable, secure, and easy to maintain.

• Identify the data entities and their relationships

• Normalize the data to reduce redundancy

• Choose appropriate data types and constraints

• Ensure data integrity through foreign key constraints

• Optimize queries for performance

• Implement security measures to protect sensitive data

• Document the design for future maintenance

• Consider scalability for future growth

• Use indexing to improve query performance

Informatica architecture is a client-server model with multiple components for data integration.

• Informatica PowerCenter is the main component that manages data integration.

• It has a client tool called the Designer for creating mappings and workflows.

• The Integration Service executes the workflows and manages the flow of data.

• The Repository Service stores metadata and configuration information.

• The Source and Target systems are connected through connectors.

• Data flows through the ...read more

The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used to design, develop, and maintain software.

• SDLC consists of several phases including requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Each phase has specific activities and deliverables that contribute to the overall development process.

• For example, in the requirements gathering phase, the analyst collects and documents the software requirements from stakeholders.

• In the design phase, the a...read more

Software development models are frameworks that guide the process of creating software.

• Software development models provide a structured approach to software development.

• They help in organizing and managing the development process.

• Common software development models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps.

• Waterfall model follows a sequential approach with distinct phases like requirements, design, development, testing, and deployment.

• Agile models, like Scrum and Kanban, emphasize ...read more

Types of OOPS concepts include Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.

DRS and HA are features in vSphere that provide automated resource management and high availability for virtual machines.

• DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduler) automatically balances resources across hosts in a cluster to optimize performance and prevent overloading.

• HA (High Availability) ensures that virtual machines are automatically restarted on another host in the event of a host failure.

• Both features improve the overall reliability and availability of virtualized environme...read more

Joins are used to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column.

• Joins are used in SQL to retrieve data from multiple tables.

• They are based on a related column between the tables.

• Common types of joins include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Inner join returns only the matching rows from both tables.

• Left join returns all the rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

• Right join returns all the rows from the right tabl...read more

I consume web APIs by making HTTP requests to the API endpoints and parsing the JSON responses.

• Make HTTP requests to the API endpoints using tools like Postman or cURL

• Parse the JSON responses using programming languages like Python or JavaScript

• Handle authentication and authorization mechanisms if required

• Implement error handling and retries for robust API consumption

I used Java version X.X.X

• I used Java version X.X.X for the project

• The Java version used was X.X.X

• The project was developed using Java X.X.X

My expected CTC is based on my experience, skills, and the market rate for Technology Analyst roles.

• My expected CTC is in line with industry standards for Technology Analyst positions.

• I have taken into consideration my years of experience and relevant skills when determining my expected CTC.

• I am open to negotiation based on the overall compensation package offered by the company.

MVC folder structure includes Models, Views, and Controllers folders.

• Models folder for data-related logic

• Views folder for UI-related files

• Controllers folder for handling user input and interaction

Extension methods in MVC are static methods that allow adding new methods to existing types without modifying the original type.

• Extension methods are defined as static methods in a static class.

• They are used to extend the functionality of existing classes without modifying them.

• Extension methods are called like regular instance methods.

• Example: public static class StringExtensions { public static bool IsUpperCase(this string str) { return str.Equals(str.ToUpper()); } }

• Example...read more

Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column

• Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column

Day to day activities in Azure involve managing virtual machines, monitoring resources, deploying applications, and troubleshooting issues.

• Managing virtual machines by creating, starting, stopping, and resizing them

• Monitoring resource usage and performance to optimize costs

• Deploying applications and services using Azure App Service or Azure Kubernetes Service

• Troubleshooting issues such as network connectivity or performance problems

Van Newman architecture is a computer architecture that uses a stored-program concept.

• Named after John von Neumann, a pioneer in computer science

• Uses a single memory to store both data and instructions

• Instructions are fetched from memory and executed sequentially

• Examples include modern computers and smartphones

MVC architecture is implemented by separating the application into Model, View, and Controller components.

• Create models to represent data and business logic

• Develop views to display the user interface

• Write controllers to handle user input and update the model

Transactional in Hibernate refers to the management of database transactions.

• Hibernate provides transaction management through the use of the Transaction interface.

• Transactions can be managed programmatically or declaratively using annotations.

• Transactional behavior can be customized using isolation levels and propagation settings.

• Example: @Transactional annotation can be used to mark a method as transactional.

• Example: session.beginTransaction() can be used to programmaticall...read more

Rank assigns unique ranks to each distinct value, while dense rank assigns consecutive ranks to each distinct value.

• Rank leaves gaps between ranks if there are ties, while dense rank does not

• Rank function is used to assign a unique rank to each distinct row, while dense rank function is used to assign consecutive ranks to each distinct row

• Example: If we have values 10, 20, 20, 30 - Rank would assign ranks as 1, 2, 2, 4 while Dense Rank would assign ranks as 1, 2, 2, 3

A singleton class is a class that can only have one instance created at a time.

• Singleton classes are often used in situations where there should only be one instance of a class, such as a database connection or a configuration manager.

• The class typically has a private constructor to prevent multiple instances from being created.

• The instance of the class is usually accessed through a static method or property.

• Example: Java's java.lang.Runtime class is a singleton class that pr...read more

Helpers in MV are utility functions that assist in processing data or performing tasks. Routing is the process of determining how an application responds to a client request.

• Helpers in MV frameworks like Laravel provide convenient methods for common tasks such as string manipulation, data formatting, and authentication.

• Routing in web development involves defining URL patterns and associating them with specific controller actions or functions.

• For example, in Laravel, a route d...read more

Shallow copy only copies the references of objects, while deep copy creates new copies of objects.

• Shallow copy creates a new object but does not create copies of nested objects.

• Deep copy creates new copies of all nested objects.

• Shallow copy is faster and more memory efficient, but changes to nested objects affect both copies.

• Deep copy is slower and uses more memory, but changes to nested objects do not affect the original object.

DevOps roles involve collaboration between development and operations teams to streamline software delivery.

• Collaborate with development and operations teams to ensure smooth software delivery

• Automate processes to increase efficiency and reduce errors

• Monitor and analyze system performance to identify areas for improvement

• Implement and maintain continuous integration and delivery pipelines

• Ensure security and compliance standards are met

• Provide technical support and troubleshoo...read more

Async await is syntactic sugar for promises, making asynchronous code easier to read and write.

• Async await allows writing asynchronous code that looks synchronous, making it easier to understand.

• Promises are objects that represent the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• Async await is built on top of promises and provides a more concise and readable way to work with asynchronous code.

• Async functions return a promise, which allows chaining and error han...read more

Overloading is having multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Overriding is having a method in a subclass with the same name and parameters as a method in the superclass.

• Overloading involves multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Overriding involves a method in a subclass with the same name and parameters as a method in the superclass.

• Overloading is resolved at compile time based on the method signature.

• Overriding ...read more

Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column.

• Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

For loop is used for iterating over a sequence of elements a specified number of times.

• Used to repeat a block of code a specific number of times

• Can iterate over arrays, lists, or ranges of numbers

• Syntax: for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement)

• Example: for(int i=0; i<5; i++) { //code block }

Polymorphism is the ability of a function or method to behave differently based on the object it is acting upon.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• It enables a single interface to represent multiple data types.

• Examples include method overloading and method overriding in object-oriented programming.

Overloading is when a class has multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Overriding is when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method from its superclass.

• Overloading is used to provide different ways to call a method with different parameters

• Overriding is used to change the behavior of a method in a subclass

• Overloading is resolved at compile-time while overriding is resolved at runtime

• Overloading can happen in the same class or in a subclass,...read more

Developed a mobile app, implemented a data analytics system, and led a successful software upgrade.

• Developed a mobile app that increased user engagement by 30%.

• Implemented a data analytics system that improved decision-making process and reduced costs by 20%.

• Led a successful software upgrade project, ensuring minimal downtime and improved system performance.

Headers in HTTP are additional information sent with a request or response.

• Headers contain metadata about the message being sent.

• Examples of headers include Content-Type, User-Agent, and Authorization.

• Headers are key-value pairs separated by a colon, such as 'Content-Type: application/json'.

Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing and maintenance of code.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

Group Policy Objects (GPO) are stored in the SYSVOL folder on domain controllers.

• GPOs are stored in the SYSVOL folder on domain controllers

• The path to GPOs is typically: C:\Windows\SYSVOL\domain\Policies

• Each GPO is stored in a unique folder within the Policies folder

Azure fundamentals for project migration include assessing current infrastructure, selecting appropriate migration method, and optimizing for cost and performance.

• Assess current infrastructure to determine compatibility with Azure

• Select appropriate migration method (lift and shift, re-platform, refactor)

• Optimize for cost and performance by choosing appropriate VM sizes and storage options

• Consider using Azure Site Recovery for disaster recovery and migration

• Utilize Azure Datab...read more

AI stands for Artificial Intelligence, which is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines.

• AI involves the development of algorithms that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence.

• It includes machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics.

• Examples of AI applications include virtual assistants like Siri, self-driving cars, and recommendation systems like Netflix.

• OOPS concept of JAVA refers to Object-Oriented Programm...read more