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My day was productive and fulfilling. As for myself, I am a driven and detail-oriented individual with a passion for problem-solving.
I tackled several challenging tasks at work and made significant progress on each of them.
I also took some time to exercise and clear my mind, which helped me stay focused throughout the day.
As for myself, I have a background in engineering and enjoy using my analytical skills to find cre...
Optimizing code involves identifying and removing bottlenecks to improve performance.
Identify the parts of the code that are taking the most time to execute
Use efficient algorithms and data structures
Minimize the number of function calls and loops
Avoid unnecessary calculations or operations
Use caching or memoization to avoid repeating calculations
Profile the code to measure performance improvements
Optimized version of given code
Use efficient data structures and algorithms
Avoid unnecessary loops and conditions
Minimize function calls and variable assignments
My day was productive and fulfilling. As for myself, I am a driven and detail-oriented individual with a passion for problem-solving.
I tackled several challenging tasks at work and made significant progress on each of them.
I also took some time to exercise and clear my mind, which helped me stay focused throughout the day.
As for myself, I have a background in engineering and enjoy applying my analytical skills to a var...
Yes, I prefer coding in C and have read The C Programming Language book. I have also explored the concept of Inheritance in C.
I find C to be a powerful and efficient language for system programming.
Yes, I have read The C Programming Language book by Dennis Retchie and found it to be a great resource.
Recently, I have been exploring the concept of Inheritance in C through various online resources and tutorials.
While C do...
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.
Inheritance promotes code reusability and saves time and effort in programming.
It allows for the creation of a hierarchy of classes with shared characteristics.
For example, a class Animal can be inherited by classes such as Dog, Cat, and Bird, which share common properties and methods.
Inheritance can be implemented using the 'extends' keywo
Liskov substitution principle is a principle in object-oriented programming that states that objects of a superclass should be able to be replaced with objects of its subclasses without affecting the correctness of the program.
Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types
Derived classes must not change the behavior of the base class
Violating the principle can lead to unexpected behavior and errors
Example: A squar...
Explanation of OOPs concepts with programs
Encapsulation: Wrapping data and functions into a single unit. Example: Class in Java
Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information. Example: Abstract class in C#
Inheritance: Acquiring properties and behavior of a parent class. Example: Child class extending parent class in Python
Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take many forms. Example:
Dynamic polymorphism is achieved through virtual functions and inheritance in object-oriented programming.
Create a base class with virtual functions
Create derived classes that override the virtual functions
Use pointers or references of the base class to call the virtual functions
The appropriate derived class function will be called based on the object being pointed to or referred to
Global variables can lead to unexpected changes and make debugging difficult.
Global variables can be accessed and modified from any part of the code, making it difficult to track changes.
They can cause naming conflicts if multiple variables with the same name are used in different parts of the code.
Using global variables can make it harder to test and debug code, as it can be difficult to isolate the cause of errors.
Th...
Using 'goto' can make code hard to read, maintain and debug.
Goto statements can create spaghetti code that is difficult to follow.
It can make it harder to understand the flow of the program.
It can also make debugging more difficult.
There are usually better alternatives to using goto, such as using loops or functions.
Some programming languages, such as Java and Python, do not even have a goto statement.
Using goto can al...
My favorite subject is history because it helps me understand the present and learn from the past.
I enjoy learning about different cultures and how they have evolved over time
I find it fascinating to study the causes and effects of major historical events
One of my favorite books on history is 'Guns, Germs, and Steel' by Jared Diamond
Implicit objects are pre-defined objects in JSP that can be accessed without being explicitly declared.
Implicit objects are created by the JSP container during the translation phase.
They can be accessed using predefined names such as request, response, session, application, out, pageContext, config, and exception.
For example, the request object can be used to retrieve parameters from a form or URL.
The session object ca...
Apache is a popular web server and Tomcat is a widely used application server.
Apache is an open-source web server that supports multiple operating systems and is known for its stability and security.
Tomcat is a Java-based application server that is used to deploy Java web applications and supports servlets and JSPs.
Other popular web servers include Nginx and Microsoft IIS.
Other popular application servers include JBoss...
To deploy a web application on Apache Tomcat, the application needs to be packaged as a WAR file and then deployed to the Tomcat server.
Create a WAR file of the web application
Copy the WAR file to the Tomcat webapps directory
Start the Tomcat server
Access the web application using the URL http://localhost:8080/
Collections in Java are classes that implement collections of objects, such as lists, sets, and
I applied via Job Portal and was interviewed in Aug 2022. There were 4 interview rounds.
One figma file was shared and asked to convert to html infront of senior developer and round took 1hr
I applied via Approached by Company
I applied via Referral
A program to swap two pointers.
Declare two pointers of the same data type
Assign the first pointer to a temporary variable
Assign the second pointer to the first pointer
Assign the temporary variable to the second pointer
Dijkstra's algorithm finds shortest path between nodes in a graph
Create a graph with nodes and edges
Initialize distances from source node to all other nodes as infinity
Set distance from source node to itself as 0
Create a set of unvisited nodes
While unvisited set is not empty, select node with minimum distance
For each neighbor of selected node, calculate distance from source node
If calculated distance is less than curre...
Floyd-Warshall's algorithm is used to find the shortest path between all pairs of vertices in a weighted graph.
Create a 2D array to store the distances between all pairs of vertices.
Initialize the array with the weights of the edges in the graph.
Use nested loops to iterate over all pairs of vertices and update the distances if a shorter path is found through a third vertex.
The final array will contain the shortest dist
Program to print matrix elements in spiral order recursively
Create a recursive function to print the elements in spiral order
Define the boundaries of the matrix and traverse the matrix in spiral order
Call the recursive function to print the elements in spiral order
Handle edge cases such as empty matrix or matrix with only one row/column
Find two numbers in an unsorted array that add up to a given sum in O(n)
Use a hash table to store the difference between the sum and each element in the array
Iterate through the array and check if the current element is in the hash table
If it is, return the current element and the corresponding difference
If not, add the current element to the hash table
Indexing is a technique used in DBMS to improve the performance of queries.
Indexing creates a separate data structure that allows faster retrieval of data.
It works by creating a pointer to the location of data in the table.
Indexes can be created on one or more columns of a table.
Types of indexing include B-tree, hash, and bitmap indexing.
Indexes can also be clustered or non-clustered.
Clustered indexes determine the phy...
B and B+ trees are data structures used for efficient searching and sorting of large datasets.
B trees are balanced trees used for disk-based storage systems.
B+ trees are similar to B trees but have all data stored in the leaf nodes for faster searching.
B trees have a variable number of keys per node, while B+ trees have a fixed number.
B trees have a higher fanout than B+ trees, making them more efficient for smaller da...
Program to find lowest common ancestor of two nodes in binary search tree and binary tree with brute force approach.
For binary search tree, traverse from root to both nodes and store the path. Then compare paths to find LCA.
For binary tree, traverse from root to both nodes and store the path. Then compare paths to find LCA.
Brute force approach involves checking each node's descendants to see if they contain both nodes.
...
Program to print all ancestors of a node in a binary tree
Create a recursive function to traverse the binary tree
Check if the current node is the target node
If yes, print all the nodes in the call stack
If not, recursively call the function for left and right subtrees
Infibeam interview questions for popular designations
I appeared for an interview in Jun 2017.
Ajax calls allow for asynchronous communication between client and server without reloading the page.
Ajax stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
Uses XMLHttpRequest object to send and receive data
Allows for partial page updates without reloading the entire page
Can handle data in various formats such as JSON, XML, HTML, and plain text
Example: $.ajax({url: 'example.com', success: function(data){console.log(data)}});
REST is lightweight and uses HTTP while SOAP is XML-based and has more features.
REST uses HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE while SOAP uses XML messaging.
REST is stateless while SOAP can maintain state.
REST is faster and easier to use while SOAP is more secure and reliable.
REST is used for web services while SOAP is used for enterprise-level services.
Example of REST: Twitter API. Example of SOAP: Amazon Web Serv
GET and POST are HTTP methods used for sending data to a server.
GET is used to retrieve data from a server
POST is used to submit data to a server
GET requests can be cached and bookmarked
POST requests are not cached and cannot be bookmarked
GET requests have length restrictions
POST requests have no length restrictions
GET requests are less secure than POST requests
Observer pattern is a design pattern in which an object maintains a list of its dependents and notifies them automatically of any state changes.
Also known as publish-subscribe pattern
Used in event-driven systems
Allows loose coupling between objects
Example: A weather station broadcasts weather updates to multiple displays
Example: A stock market ticker notifies multiple investors of stock price changes
Singleton is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a single object.
Singleton ensures that only one instance of a class exists in the entire application.
It provides a global point of access to the instance.
Commonly used in scenarios where a single instance needs to coordinate actions across the system.
Example: Database connection manager, logger, configuration manager.
Immutable in Java refers to objects whose state cannot be changed after creation.
String, Integer, and other wrapper classes are immutable in Java.
Immutable objects are thread-safe and can be shared without synchronization.
To create an immutable class, make all fields final and private, and don't provide setters.
Examples of immutable classes in Java include LocalDate, LocalTime, and LocalDateTime.
Creating immutable in Java
Use final keyword to make variables immutable
Use private constructor to prevent object modification
Use defensive copying to prevent modification of mutable objects
Use enum to create immutable objects
Use String class to create immutable strings
Dependency injection is a design pattern that allows objects to receive dependencies rather than creating them internally.
It helps to decouple the code and makes it more testable and maintainable.
It allows for easier swapping of dependencies without changing the code.
There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.
Example: Instead of creating a database co...
CORS stands for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing. It is a security feature implemented in web browsers to restrict access to resources from different origins.
CORS allows web servers to specify which origins are allowed to access its resources
It is implemented using HTTP headers
CORS prevents malicious websites from accessing sensitive data from other websites
Examples of resources that may be restricted by CORS include cook
CORS can be overcome by configuring the server to allow cross-origin requests.
Configure the server to include the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header
Use JSONP (JSON with Padding) to bypass CORS restrictions
Use a proxy server to make the request on behalf of the client
Use a browser extension to disable CORS restrictions during development
Use a server-side proxy to forward requests to the target server
I appeared for an interview in Dec 2017.
To find the maximum water pond formed between buildings.
Identify the lowest point between the buildings.
Calculate the area of the pond using the distance between the buildings and the depth of the pond.
Consider any obstacles or uneven ground that may affect the pond's shape.
Use a surveying tool or satellite imagery to get accurate measurements.
Take into account any drainage systems or natural water flow that may affect
Design a dictionary using trie with insert, update and delete operations.
Implement a Trie data structure with nodes containing a character and a boolean flag to indicate end of word
For insert operation, traverse the trie and add nodes for each character in the word
For update operation, delete the existing word and insert the updated word
For delete operation, mark the end of word flag as false and delete the node if it ...
I appeared for an interview before Apr 2021.
Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
This was a technical interview round.
AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging data with a web server behind the scenes.
AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
It allows web pages to update content without reloading the entire page.
AJAX uses XMLHttpRequest object to send and receive data from a server.
Commonly used in web applications to provide a more responsive user experience.
SOAP is a protocol, while REST is an architectural style for web services.
SOAP is a protocol that uses XML for message format and relies on a request-response model.
REST is an architectural style that uses standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
SOAP is more rigid and requires more bandwidth, while REST is lightweight and flexible.
SOAP has built-in security features like WS-Security, while REST relies on exte...
GET is used to request data from a server, while POST is used to submit data to a server.
GET requests data from a specified resource, while POST submits data to be processed to a specified resource.
GET requests are cached by browsers, while POST requests are not.
GET requests can be bookmarked and shared, while POST requests cannot.
GET requests have length restrictions, while POST requests do not.
Example: Using GET to r...
The Observer Pattern is a behavioral design pattern where an object (subject) maintains a list of dependents (observers) that are notified of any state changes.
Allows for one-to-many dependency between objects
When the subject's state changes, all observers are automatically notified and updated
Commonly used in event handling systems and GUI frameworks
Round duration - 40 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
This was the second technical interview round.
A singleton class is a class that can only have one instance created throughout the entire application.
Singleton classes have a private constructor to prevent multiple instances from being created.
They typically provide a static method to access the single instance.
Commonly used for logging, database connections, and configuration settings.
Immutability in Java refers to the property of objects whose state cannot be changed once they are created.
Immutability ensures that once an object is created, its state cannot be modified.
Immutable objects are thread-safe and can be shared without the risk of data corruption.
String class in Java is an example of an immutable class.
To create an immutable class, make the class final, all fields private, and provide only
Dependency injection is a design pattern where components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.
Allows for easier testing by providing mock dependencies
Promotes loose coupling between components
Improves code reusability and maintainability
Examples: Constructor injection, Setter injection, Interface injection
To create an immutable class in Java, make the class final, make all fields private and final, provide only getter methods, and do not provide any setter methods.
Make the class final to prevent inheritance.
Make all fields private and final to prevent modification.
Provide only getter methods to access the fields.
Do not provide any setter methods to modify the fields.
Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
HR round with typical behavioral problems.
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 3 : Do at-least 2 good projects and you must know every bit of them.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
I appeared for an interview before Apr 2021.
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
Technical Interview round with questions on DSA.
You are given an array of integers PRICES
where PRICES[i]
represents the price of a stock on the i-th day, and an integer K
representing the number of transactions you...
Determine maximum profit with at most K transactions by buying and selling stocks on given days.
Iterate through the array of prices while keeping track of the maximum profit achievable with at most K transactions.
Use dynamic programming to store the maximum profit at each day and transaction count.
Consider buying and selling stocks at each day to calculate the maximum profit.
Return the maximum profit achievable with at
Given a Binary Tree consisting of 'N' nodes with integer values, your task is to determine the in-order traversal of the Binary Tree.
The first line contains ...
The task is to determine the in-order traversal of a Binary Tree given in level order.
Implement a function to perform in-order traversal of a Binary Tree
Use recursion to traverse left subtree, visit root, and then traverse right subtree
Handle null nodes denoted by -1 in the input
Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
HR round with typical behavioral problems.
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 3 : Do at-least 2 good projects and you must know every bit of them.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Sep 2016. There were 4 interview rounds.
I am a passionate software developer with experience in Java, Python, and web development.
Experienced in Java, Python, and web development technologies
Strong problem-solving skills
Team player with excellent communication skills
My resume highlights my experience in software development and showcases my skills in various programming languages and technologies.
Worked on multiple projects using Java, Python, and C++
Developed web applications using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Experience with databases such as MySQL and MongoDB
Familiarity with Agile methodology and version control systems like Git
Participated in hackathons and coding competitions
I want to go for VISA to explore new opportunities and gain international experience.
To gain exposure to different cultures and work environments
To expand my skill set and learn new technologies
To work on challenging projects and contribute to the growth of the company
To build a global network of professionals and enhance my career prospects
A binary tree is a data structure in which each node has at most two children.
Start with a root node
Each node has a left and right child
Nodes can be added or removed
Traversal can be done in-order, pre-order, or post-order
Code a basic linked list
Create a Node class with data and next pointer
Create a LinkedList class with head pointer
Implement methods to add, delete, and search nodes in the linked list
A circular linked list is a data structure where the last node points back to the first node, forming a loop.
Create a Node class with data and next pointer
Initialize the head node and set its next pointer to itself
To add a node, create a new node and set its next pointer to the head node's next pointer, then update the head node's next pointer to the new node
To traverse the circular linked list, start from the head nod...
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Dec 2016. There were 5 interview rounds.
Implement Binary Search Tree using given array of strings.
Sort the array in ascending order
Find the middle element and make it the root of the tree
Recursively create left and right subtrees using the left and right halves of the array
Repeat until all elements are added to the tree
Print the given Binary search tree in ascending order
Traverse the left subtree recursively
Print the root node
Traverse the right subtree recursively
Find buy and sell points for maximum profit in an array of stock prices in O(n)
Iterate through the array and keep track of the minimum price seen so far
Calculate the profit at each index by subtracting the minimum price from the current price
Update the maximum profit and buy/sell points accordingly
Return the buy and sell points for maximum profit
Chennai faces problems related to water scarcity, traffic congestion, and pollution.
Water scarcity due to inadequate rainfall and poor management of water resources.
Traffic congestion due to the increasing number of vehicles and poor road infrastructure.
Pollution caused by industries, vehicular emissions, and improper waste disposal.
Need more context on the question to provide an answer.
Please provide more information on the problem to be solved.
Without context, it is difficult to provide a solution.
Can you please provide more details on the problem statement?
Visa is a global payments technology company that connects consumers, businesses, banks and governments in more than 200 countries and territories.
Visa operates the world's largest retail electronic payments network.
VisaNet, the company's global processing system, handles more than 65,000 transaction messages a second.
Visa is constantly innovating to improve payment security and convenience, with initiatives such as Vi...
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