Industrial Automation Automation Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is PLC (Programmable logic controller)?
Ans. 
PLC is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes in industries.
• PLC is a hardware device that receives inputs from sensors and other devices, processes them using a program, and then generates outputs to control machines or processes.

• It is used in industries for automation of various processes such as assembly lines, packaging, and material handling.

• PLCs can be programmed using ladder logic, ...read more
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Q2. Programmable logic controller
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Q3. What are the different types of valves?
Ans. 
Valves are devices used to control the flow of fluids or gases. There are several types of valves used in different applications.
• Gate valves

• Globe valves

• Ball valves

• Butterfly valves

• Check valves

• Diaphragm valves

• Needle valves

• Pinch valves

• Pressure relief valves

• Solenoid valves
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Q1. What are you current roles , responsibilities?
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Q2. Experience and projects that you did?
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Q3. What did you know about Epam Anywhere?
Ans. 
Epam Anywhere is a platform that connects remote tech professionals with global companies for project-based work.
• Epam Anywhere is a platform created by Epam Systems, a global IT services company.

• It allows remote tech professionals to work on project-based assignments for global companies.

• Professionals can choose projects based on their skills and availability.

• Companies can access a pool of talented professionals from a...read more
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Q4. Do you have any other questions?
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Q1. Difference between git merge and git rebase?
Ans. 
Git merge combines changes from different branches, while git rebase moves the current branch to the tip of another branch.
• Git merge creates a new commit with the combined changes of the branches being merged.

• Git rebase moves the current branch to the tip of another branch by replaying each commit on top of the other branch.

• Git merge preserves the commit history of both branches, while git rebase rewrites the commit hi
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Q2. How to set up version control system?
Ans. 
Setting up a version control system involves choosing a system, creating a repository, adding files, committing changes, and collaborating with team members.
• Choose a version control system like Git, SVN, or Mercurial.

• Create a repository to store your project files.

• Add files to the repository using commands like 'git add' or 'svn add'.

• Commit changes to the repository with a message describing the changes using commands ...read more
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Q3. What is difference between Working tree, staging/index and HEAD?
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Working tree, staging/index, and HEAD are different states in Git representing different versions of files.
• Working tree is the current state of files in the project directory

• Staging/index is the area where changes are prepared to be committed

• HEAD points to the last commit on the current branch
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Q4. What are Authentication mechanism that you are aware of?
Ans. 
Various authentication mechanisms include password-based, biometric, multi-factor, and OAuth.
• Password-based authentication

• Biometric authentication (e.g. fingerprint, facial recognition)

• Multi-factor authentication (e.g. SMS code, token generator)

• OAuth (Open Authorization) for third-party authentication
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Q5. What is BDD? what difference between BDD and cucumber? Are you aware of specflow?
Ans. 
BDD stands for Behavior Driven Development. Cucumber is a BDD tool that uses Gherkin syntax. SpecFlow is a BDD tool for .NET.
• BDD (Behavior Driven Development) is a software development approach that focuses on the behavior of the system.

• Cucumber is a BDD tool that uses Gherkin syntax to write test scenarios in a human-readable format.

• SpecFlow is a BDD tool specifically designed for .NET projects, allowing developers to...read more
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Q6. What is UpCasting? and why we can't use downCasting in OOPS?
Ans. 
Upcasting is casting a subclass object to a superclass reference. Downcasting is the opposite.
• Upcasting is safe and implicit in OOP, as it involves casting a subclass object to a superclass reference.

• Downcasting is not safe and requires explicit casting, as it involves casting a superclass reference to a subclass object.

• Example: Animal animal = new Dog(); // Upcasting

• Example: Dog dog = (Dog) animal; // Downcasting, req
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Q7. Which one is recommended between HashTable and HashMap?
Ans. 
HashMap is recommended due to better performance and allows null values, while HashTable is synchronized.
• HashMap is not synchronized, so it is faster than HashTable for single-threaded applications.

• HashMap allows null values and null keys, while HashTable does not.

• HashMap is part of the Java Collections Framework, while HashTable is a legacy class.

• Example: HashMap map = new HashMap<>();

• Example: HashTab
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Q8. Explain about your Automation project architecture?
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Q9. What are five basic items to jumpstart API Automation?
Ans. 
Five basic items to jumpstart API Automation
• Understand the API documentation

• Select a suitable automation tool (e.g. Postman, SoapUI)

• Set up a testing environment

• Write test cases for API endpoints

• Implement continuous integration for automated testing
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Q10. How to run the TCs in parallel?
Ans. 
Running test cases in parallel can be achieved by using tools like TestNG or JUnit.
• Use TestNG or JUnit to create test suites that can run test cases in parallel

• Configure the test suite to run test cases concurrently by setting the parallel attribute in the testng.xml file

• Ensure that the test cases are independent of each other to avoid any conflicts during parallel execution
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Q11. Serialization & Deserialization?
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Q12. What are log levels and what log library do you use in your project?
Ans. 
Log levels are used to categorize log messages based on their severity. Common levels include DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, and FATAL.
• Log levels help in filtering and managing log messages based on their importance and severity.

• Different log levels include DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, and FATAL, each indicating the severity of the message.

• Log libraries like Log4j, Logback, and SLF4J are commonly used in projects to handle log...read more
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Q13. What are the design patterns that you are aware of?
Ans. 
Some common design patterns include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy patterns.
• Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Factory pattern creates objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

• Observer pattern defines a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified...read more
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Q14. Can you explain SOLID principles?
Ans. 
SOLID principles are a set of five design principles that help make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.
• Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) - A class should have only one reason to change.

• Open/Closed Principle (OCP) - Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) - Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects o...read more
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Q15. What are types of testing that you are aware of?
Ans. 
Types of testing include functional testing, non-functional testing, manual testing, automated testing, regression testing, and performance testing.
• Functional testing: Testing the functionality of the software against the requirements.

• Non-functional testing: Testing aspects like performance, usability, and security.

• Manual testing: Testing performed manually by testers without the use of automation tools.

• Automated testi...read more
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Q16. Use only LinQ expressions? Given List lst=new List{"adfa","agdasg"}; How do you filter names that start with "a"?
Ans. 
Filter names starting with 'a' using LinQ expressions on a List.
• Use LinQ Where method with a lambda expression to filter names starting with 'a'.

• Example: var filteredNames = lst.Where(name => name.StartsWith('a')).ToArray();
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Q17. What is jenkins? Do you have experience in setting up pipeline in jenkins? Are you aware of how to setup pipeline job in jenkins?
Ans. 
Jenkins is a popular open-source automation server used for continuous integration and continuous delivery of software projects.
• Jenkins is used to automate the non-human part of the software development process, with continuous integration and facilitating technical aspects of continuous delivery.

• It allows for easy configuration of pipelines to automate the build, test, and deployment processes.

• Setting up a pipeline in...read more
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Q1. Write piece of code? How to create interface, Abstract class? Create a new class which implements interface and Abstract class? If there is common method exist in interface & Abstract class
Ans. 
Creating interface, abstract class, and implementing them in a new class with a common method
• To create an interface in Java, use the 'interface' keyword and define the methods without implementation

• To create an abstract class in Java, use the 'abstract' keyword before the class definition and can have both abstract and concrete methods

• To implement an interface in a class, use the 'implements' keyword and provide implem...read more
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Q2. How to override any method in child class?
Ans. 
To override a method in a child class, use the 'override' keyword in the child class method definition.
• Use the 'override' keyword before the method signature in the child class.

• The method in the child class must have the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the parent class.

• The overridden method in the child class can call the parent class method using 'base.MethodName()'.
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Q3. String str="My name is xyz and i am from abc organization"; Create a dictionary as output which stores the words as key and frequency as values?
Ans. 
Create a dictionary to store word frequency from a given string.
• Split the string into words using space as delimiter

• Iterate through the words and update the frequency in the dictionary

• Handle case sensitivity and punctuation marks appropriately
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Q4. Difference between .Select and .SelectMany
Ans. 
Select projects a sequence of values into a new form, while SelectMany projects each element of a sequence to a sequence and flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence.
• Select is used to transform each element of a sequence into a new form.

• SelectMany is used to transform each element of a sequence into a sequence of values and then flattens those sequences into one sequence.

• SelectMany is often used when working ...read more
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Q5. List lst={"name1","name2","name3"}; Use only Linq expression and create dictionary which stores element in the above list as key and length of the element as value
Ans. 
Use Linq to create a dictionary with elements from a list as keys and their lengths as values.
• Use ToDictionary method with element as key and element length as value

• Use Select method to project each element to a KeyValuePair
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Q6. Attributes used in Nunit and for Parallel execution?
Ans. 
Attributes used in Nunit for parallel execution include Parallelizable and MaxDegreeOfParallelism.
• Parallelizable attribute is used to specify that a test fixture can be run in parallel with others

• MaxDegreeOfParallelism attribute is used to specify the maximum number of threads to use for parallel execution
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Q7. How to handle stale element exception?
Ans. 
Stale element exception occurs when an element is no longer attached to the DOM.
• Refresh the page and try to locate the element again

• Use explicit wait to ensure the element is present and interactable before performing actions

• Handle the exception using try-catch block to retry the operation

• Avoid storing web elements in variables for a long time as they may become stale
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Q1. Basic ECE core questions on almost all core subjects mainly from MPMC, DSP, CS, ECNT
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Q1. Questions on remembering dots
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Q2. Question on solving a sudoku like game
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Q1. What is PLC (Programmable logic controller)?
Ans. 
PLC is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes in industries.
• PLC is a hardware device that receives inputs from sensors and other devices, processes them using a program, and then generates outputs to control machines or processes.

• It is used in industries for automation of various processes such as assembly lines, packaging, and material handling.

• PLCs can be programmed using ladder logic, ...read more
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Q2. Programmable logic controller
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Q3. What are the different types of valves?
Ans. 
Valves are devices used to control the flow of fluids or gases. There are several types of valves used in different applications.
• Gate valves

• Globe valves

• Ball valves

• Butterfly valves

• Check valves

• Diaphragm valves

• Needle valves

• Pinch valves

• Pressure relief valves

• Solenoid valves
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Aptitude test, I easy to written the anser

Q1. Technical,I have technical give the answer sir
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Q2. Sir I am fresher sir
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Q3. I hav explain ladder logic diagram
Ans. 
Ladder logic diagram is a graphical programming language used for PLC programming.
• Ladder logic diagrams consist of rungs representing logical control circuits.

• It uses symbols to represent different components like contacts, coils, timers, etc.

• The logic flow is from left to right, with power flowing from top to bottom.

• It is commonly used in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) for automation.

• Example: A simple ladder lo
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Q4. I have explain functional Block diagram and Structure text
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Q5. I interested industrial automation jod
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