Impact Guru Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

The test was conducted in the evening from 5:00 pm to 6:30 pm. Because of the covid situation, all the students attempted the test from their homes. But it was a webcam-based test to avoid any kind of cheating.
There were 3 coding problems to be done in 90 minutes.
After resume based shortlisting, 70 candidates were selected to appear for the test out of which 30 were shortlisted for interviews.

Q1. 
Amazing Strings Problem Statement
Determine if the third string contains all the characters from both the first and second strings in any order. If so, return "YES"; otherwise, return "NO".
Input:
Line ...read more
Ans. 
Check if the third string contains all characters from the first and second strings in any order.
• Create a frequency map for characters in the first and second strings.

• Check if all characters in the third string are present in the frequency map.

• Ensure the count of characters in the third string matches the count in the frequency map.

• Return 'YES' if all conditions are met, otherwise return 'NO'.
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Q2. 
Shortest Path Visiting All Nodes
You are given a connected undirected unweighted graph comprising 'N' nodes and 'M' edges. In this graph, each pair of connected nodes is linked by exactly one undirected e...read more
Ans. 
Find the length of the shortest path visiting all nodes in a connected undirected unweighted graph.
• Use Breadth First Search (BFS) to find the shortest path that visits all nodes at least once.

• Maintain a bitmask to keep track of visited nodes and their states.

• Consider all possible permutations of nodes to find the shortest path length.
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Q3. 
Meeting Rooms Allocation Problem Statement
Stark Industry is planning to organize meetings for various departments in preparation for Stark Expo. Due to limited rooms in Stark Tower, the goal is to alloca...read more
Ans. 
Determine the minimum number of conference rooms required for scheduling meetings.
• Sort the meetings by start time.

• Iterate through the meetings and keep track of rooms needed based on overlapping times.

• Use a priority queue to efficiently allocate rooms.

• Example: For meetings (1pm-4pm), (3pm-5pm), (4pm-6pm), 2 rooms are required.

• Ensure linear time complexity by optimizing the room allocation process.
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Round duration - 50 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started at 9 am and went till 4 pm.
Out of 70 students that appeared in online coding test, 30 were shortlisted for the first round (this round) of interviews.
In this round, everyone was asked one moderate level coding question. The interviewer provided the link to an IDE, where I wrote my code.
The interview started with the introduction being followed by 1 coding problem. In the end, the interviewer asked me if I wanted to ask any questions. To which I asked him my feedback so that I can improve my wear areas.
Of the 30 candidates, 17 were selected for the final interview round.

Q1. 
Print All Subsets Challenge
Given an array arr containing 'N' distinct integers, your task is to generate all possible non-empty subsets of this array.
Note: While the elements within each subset should ...read more
Ans. 
Generate all possible non-empty subsets of an array of distinct integers.
• Use recursion to generate all subsets by including or excluding each element in the array.

• Maintain a current subset and add it to the result when reaching the end of the array.

• Ensure elements within each subset are in increasing order.

• Handle the input and output format as specified in the question.
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Round duration - 50 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a technical + HR round. Started in the evening at 4:30 pm, this round went till 9:30 pm.
17 students were shortlisted for this final round of interview.
This interview was also virtual and involved both technical and HR-related questions. The interview started with an introduction and then questions based on my resume were asked.
Out of 17 candidates, 8 candidates got a full-time offer from Urban Company.

Q1. 
Find Row With Maximum 1's in a Sorted 2D Matrix
You are provided with a 2D matrix containing only the integers 0 or 1. The matrix has dimensions N x M, and each row is sorted in non-decreasing order. Your...read more
Ans. 
Find the row with the maximum number of 1's in a sorted 2D matrix.
• Iterate through each row of the matrix and count the number of 1's in each row.

• Keep track of the row index with the maximum number of 1's seen so far.

• Return the index of the row with the maximum number of 1's.

• If multiple rows have the same number of 1's, return the row with the smallest index.
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Round duration - 75 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

The test had 3 questions which had to solved in 75 minutes.The test was of medium difficulty.

Q1. 
Meeting Rooms Allocation Problem Statement
Stark Industry is planning to organize meetings for various departments in preparation for Stark Expo. Due to limited rooms in Stark Tower, the goal is to alloca...read more
Ans. 
Determine the minimum number of conference rooms needed to schedule meetings without overlap.
• Sort the meetings by start time.

• Iterate through the meetings and keep track of the rooms in use.

• If a meeting starts after another ends, it can reuse the same room.

• If a meeting starts before another ends, a new room is needed.

• Return the maximum number of rooms in use at any point.
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Q2. 
Maximize XOR Value
You are provided with an integer X and are tasked with identifying an integer Y such that the bitwise XOR operation between X and Y yields the maximum possible value. The condition is t...read more
Ans. 
Find an integer Y such that XOR operation with X yields maximum value within given constraints.
• Iterate from the most significant bit to find the highest bit that can be toggled to maximize XOR value.

• To maximize XOR value, toggle the highest bit of X to 0 and all lower bits to 1.

• Ensure the final Y does not exceed (2^61) - 1.

• Example: For X = 3, the highest bit to toggle is at position 61, so Y = 2305843009213693950.

• Examp...read more
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Q3. 
Minimize Maximum Difference Between Adjacent Elements
You are provided with a non-decreasing array and an integer K. Your task is to remove exactly K elements from this array so that the maximum differenc...read more
Ans. 
Remove K elements from a non-decreasing array to minimize the maximum difference between adjacent elements.
• Sort the array in non-decreasing order.

• Iterate through the array and calculate the difference between adjacent elements.

• Remove elements to minimize the maximum difference.

• Return the minimized maximum difference.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The interview was taken by SDE2 and she was very friendly. All the questions asked were related to DS and algo. The first 10 minutes were used for introductions and the last 5 minutes were reserved for any questions that I have. Always try to ask meaningful questions at the end of the interview.

Q1. 
Frequency in a Sorted Array Problem Statement
Given a sorted array ARR and a number X, your task is to determine the count of occurrences of X within ARR.
Note:
• If X is not found in the array, return...read more
Ans. 
Count occurrences of a number in a sorted array efficiently.
• Use binary search to find the first and last occurrence of the target number in the array.

• Calculate the count of occurrences by subtracting the indices of the last and first occurrences.

• Handle cases where the target number is not found in the array.

• Time complexity: O(log(N)), Space complexity: O(1).
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Q2. 
Rotting Oranges Problem Statement
You are given a grid containing oranges where each cell of the grid can contain one of the three integer values:
• 0 - representing an empty cell
• 1 - representing a fre...read more
Ans. 
Find the minimum time required to rot all fresh oranges in a grid.
• Use Breadth First Search (BFS) to simulate the rotting process

• Track the time taken to rot all oranges and return -1 if any fresh oranges remain

• Handle edge cases such as no fresh oranges or all oranges already rotten

• Consider using a queue to efficiently process neighboring oranges
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Q3. 
Clone Linked List with Random Pointer Problem Statement
Given a linked list where each node has two pointers: one pointing to the next node and another which can point randomly to any node in the list or ...read more
Ans. 
Yes, the cloning of a linked list with random pointer can be accomplished without utilizing extra space.
• Use a hashmap to store the mapping between original nodes and cloned nodes.

• Iterate through the original linked list to create the cloned linked list by mapping the random pointers using the hashmap.

• Time complexity of this approach is O(N) where N is the number of nodes in the linked list.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

The focus of this round was mainly on my projects and internships. It was taken by a Senior SDE and it more of a technical interaction. I was asked in-depth about my projects and most of the questions asked around OS/DBMS were based on my projects.
The interviewer wanted to judge whether I have core knowledge about subjects like OS and DBMS and also about the projects that I had done.

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

It was the culture fit round taken by the Director of Engineering.

Q1. The question was about Nodejs
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Q2. The question was to build a linked list in Nodejs
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Q1. The first question was related to DSA
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Q2. The question was related to SQL
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Q1. Build an sample app server with express.js
Ans. 
Build a sample app server using express.js
• Install express.js using npm

• Create a new express app

• Set up routes and middleware

• Start the server to listen on a specific port
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Q2. How do you make connection with database in your project
Ans. 
I use JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) to establish connection with the database in my project.
• Use JDBC API to connect to the database

• Load the JDBC driver

• Create a connection object

• Create a statement object

• Execute SQL queries
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Q3. Write multer middleware code.
Ans. 
Multer is a middleware for handling multipart/form-data, used for file uploads in Node.js.
• Install multer package using npm: npm install multer

• Require multer in your Node.js file: const multer = require('multer')

• Set up multer middleware with desired options: const upload = multer({ dest: 'uploads/' })

• Use the upload middleware in your route handler to process file uploads
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2 Graph question of leetcode

Q1. DSA Questions of leetcode
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Q2. DSA Questions
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Basic coding only not to worry much

Q1. Tell me about ur self
Ans. 
I am a passionate software developer with experience in Java, Python, and web development.
• Experienced in Java, Python, and web development technologies

• Strong problem-solving skills

• Excellent team player with good communication skills
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Q2. What is ur projects
Ans. 
I have worked on various projects including a web-based inventory management system and a mobile app for tracking fitness goals.
• Developed a web-based inventory management system using React and Node.js

• Created a mobile app for tracking fitness goals using Flutter

• Implemented RESTful APIs for communication between frontend and backend systems
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Sorting of an array and aptitude

Q1. BFS graph traversal
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Q1. Binary tree question
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

It has 3 Coding Questions of medium-hard level and the time limit was 1 hour only. I don’t exactly remember the questions but I was able to do only two of them completely.

Q1. 
Biggest Number Formation Problem
Your task is to construct the largest number possible by concatenating each of the provided positive integers in the array exactly once.
Input:
Integer T denoting the nu...read more
Ans. 
Construct the largest number by concatenating positive integers in the array exactly once.
• Sort the array of integers in a way that the concatenation of the numbers forms the largest possible number.

• Use a custom comparator function to sort the numbers based on their concatenated values.

• Join the sorted array elements to form the final largest number.
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Q2. 
Number of Longest Increasing Subsequence Problem Statement
Given an integer array ARR of length N, determine the count of longest increasing subsequences present in the array.
Explanation:
The Longest I...read more
Ans. 
Count the number of longest increasing subsequences in an integer array.
• Identify the longest increasing subsequences in the array

• Count the number of such subsequences

• Consider the constraints while implementing the solution

• Examples: For input [50, 3, 90, 60, 80], the output is 2
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

First, the interviewer introduced himself and then asked to introduce myself. Then he asked about the projects I did. After an introductory discussion on projects, he gave me 3 coding questions on their personal live code environment.

He asked me to explain the approach first and then code it down. I had to explain the time complexity of each solution and optimal code if possible with lesser time complexity.

Q1. 
Cache Operations Problem
You are provided with a cache that can hold a maximum of 'N' elements. Initially, this cache is empty. There are two main operations you can perform on this cache:
Explanation:
...read more
Ans. 
Implement a cache with insert, update, and retrieve operations, returning results of retrieve operations in order.
• Create a cache data structure with specified size 'N'.

• Implement insert and update operations based on the given criteria.

• For retrieve operation, return the value associated with the 'U_ID' if present, else return -1.

• Handle cases where the cache is full and least frequently used items need to be removed.

• Retu...read more
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Q2. 
Possible Words from a Phone Number: Problem Statement
Given a string S composed of digits ranging from 2 to 9, determine all possible strings that can be created by mapping these digits to their correspon...read more
Ans. 
Given a phone number, generate all possible words by mapping digits to letters on a T9 keypad.
• Create a mapping of digits to letters on a T9 keypad

• Use recursion to generate all possible combinations of letters for the given phone number

• Sort the resulting strings in lexicographical order
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Q3. 
Shortest Unique Prefix Problem
You are given an array containing N words. Your task is to derive the shortest prefix for each word that uniquely identifies it amongst the other words. For instance, given t...read more
Ans. 
Given an array of words, find the shortest unique prefix for each word.
• Create a Trie data structure to efficiently store and search for prefixes.

• Traverse the Trie to find the shortest unique prefix for each word.

• Return the list of shortest unique prefixes for all words.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Hard

In this round interviewer gave me 2 coding questions and asked me to code on any editor of my choice. I opened VS code to code those problems.

Q1. 
Maximum Subarray Sum Problem Statement
Given an array arr of length N consisting of integers, find the sum of the subarray (including empty subarray) with the maximum sum among all subarrays.
Explanation...read more
Ans. 
Find the sum of the subarray with the maximum sum among all subarrays in a given array.
• Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum sum subarray seen so far.

• Use Kadane's algorithm to efficiently find the maximum subarray sum.

• Handle cases where all elements are negative by returning the maximum element in the array.

• Consider the sum of an empty subarray as 0.
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Q2. 
LRU Cache Implementation
Design and implement a data structure for the Least Recently Used (LRU) cache, which supports the following operations:
1. get(key) - Return the value associated with the key if ...read more
Ans. 
Implement a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache data structure with get and put operations.
• Use a combination of a hashmap and a doubly linked list to efficiently implement the LRU cache.

• Keep track of the least recently used item and remove it when the cache reaches its capacity.

• Update the position of an item in the cache whenever it is accessed or updated.

• Ensure constant time complexity for both get and put operations by u...read more
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Round duration - 40 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The interviewer was very friendly. He asked me about myself and previous interviews.