Icertis Associate Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

I am a software engineer with experience in developing web applications and mobile apps.

• Proficient in programming languages such as Java, Python, and JavaScript

• Experience in developing RESTful APIs and integrating third-party APIs

• Familiarity with front-end frameworks such as React and Angular

• Strong understanding of database management systems such as MySQL and MongoDB

• Passionate about learning new technologies and keepi...read more

Software industry offers endless opportunities for innovation and growth.

• Software industry is constantly evolving and offers opportunities to work on cutting-edge technologies.

• It provides a platform to solve complex problems and create innovative solutions.

• The demand for software engineers is high and the industry offers competitive salaries.

• Core industries may have limited scope for growth and innovation compared to s...read more

Program to print a given string in reverse

• Create a character array of the given string

• Loop through the array from end to start and print each character

Mux is a device that selects one of several input signals and forwards the selected input into a single output line.

• Mux stands for Multiplexer.

• It is used in digital circuits to select one of several input signals and forward the selected input into a single output line.

• It is used in communication systems to combine multiple signals into a single channel for transmission.

• It is used in video and audio systems to switch b...read more

DeMux is short for Demultiplexer. It is a digital circuit that takes one input and directs it to multiple outputs.

• DeMux is used in digital communication systems to separate signals that have been combined for transmission.

• It is also used in computer memory systems to select a specific memory location.

• DeMux is used in video and audio systems to separate different channels of information.

• It is used in automation systems ...read more

Decoder converts encoded data into a readable format while Demux separates a single input into multiple outputs.

• Decoder is used to decode encoded data such as binary data into a readable format.

• Demux is used to separate a single input into multiple outputs based on the control signals.

• Decoder is a combinational circuit while Demux is a sequential circuit.

• Decoder is used in applications such as remote controls, computer...read more

Amadeus Labs is a leading technology company in the travel industry.

• Amadeus Labs provides opportunities to work on cutting-edge technologies.

• The company has a strong focus on innovation and research.

• Amadeus Labs has a global presence and offers a diverse and inclusive work environment.

• Working at Amadeus Labs provides the opportunity to make a real impact on the travel industry.

• The company values work-life balance and o...read more

Yes, I am comfortable working for Testing.

• I have experience in testing and understand its importance in software development.

• I am willing to learn new testing techniques and tools.

• I am comfortable working with testing teams and collaborating with them to ensure quality software.

• I understand the importance of testing in ensuring customer satisfaction and reducing costs.

• Examples: I have experience in manual and automated...read more

I have the necessary skills and experience to excel in the developer role.

• I have a degree in computer science and have completed multiple coding projects.

• I am proficient in programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++.

• I have experience working with databases and web development frameworks.

• I am a quick learner and enjoy solving complex problems.

• I am a team player and have collaborated with other developers on var...read more

AVL tree balance checking ensures that the tree maintains its height-balanced property after insertions and deletions.

• An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree.

• The balance factor (BF) of a node is defined as the height of the left subtree minus the height of the right subtree.

• A node is considered balanced if its BF is -1, 0, or +1.

• To check balance, recursively calculate the height of left and right subtrees fo...read more

Find median of 2 sorted arrays in O(log N) time complexity and O(1) space complexity

• Use binary search to find the partition point in both arrays

• Calculate the median based on the partition point and array sizes

• Adjust the partition points based on the median value

• Repeat until the partition points are at the median

• Handle edge cases such as empty arrays and uneven array sizes

Anagram of strings in O(1) space complexity

• Use a fixed size array of integers to store the frequency of characters in the first string

• Iterate through the second string and decrement the frequency of each character in the array

• If all the frequencies are zero, then the strings are anagrams

• Return true or false accordingly

Level order traversal of a tree using Queue

• Create a queue and add the root node to it

• While the queue is not empty, remove the front node and print its value

• Add the left and right child nodes of the removed node to the queue

• Repeat until the queue is empty

Reverse level order traversal of a tree using Queue

• Create a queue and push the root node into it

• While the queue is not empty, pop the front node and push its children into the queue

• Add the popped node to a stack

• Once the queue is empty, pop elements from the stack and print them

BFS and DFS are graph traversal algorithms. BFS explores nodes level by level while DFS explores nodes depth by depth.

• BFS uses a queue while DFS uses a stack or recursion.

• BFS is optimal for finding shortest path while DFS is optimal for finding a path between two nodes.

• BFS requires more memory as it stores all the nodes at each level while DFS requires less memory.

• BFS can be used to find connected components while DFS ...read more

Check if parentheses in a string are balanced using a stack-based approach.

• Use a stack to track opening parentheses: '(', '{', '['.

• For each closing parenthesis: check if it matches the top of the stack.

• If the stack is empty at the end, parentheses are balanced.

• Example: '((){})' is balanced, but '((())' is not.

Find product of each element of an array except that element in O(N) time complexity without using / operation

• Use prefix and suffix products

• Multiply prefix and suffix products for each element to get the final product

• Handle edge cases where array has 0 or 1 element separately

Recursively delete a linked list

• Create a recursive function that takes the head of the linked list as input

• Base case: if the head is null, return

• Recursively call the function with the next node as input

• Delete the current node

Recursively delete a linked list from the end.

• Start from the head and recursively traverse to the end of the list.

• Delete the last node and set the second last node's next pointer to null.

• Repeat until the entire list is deleted.

• Use a recursive function to implement the deletion process.

Recursively delete a tree by deleting all its child nodes and then the parent node.

• Start from the leaf nodes and delete them first.

• Then move up to the parent nodes and delete them.

• Repeat until the root node is deleted.

• Use post-order traversal to ensure child nodes are deleted before parent nodes.

Recursively delete elements from the end of an array.

• Create a recursive function that removes the last element of the array.

• Call the function recursively until the desired number of elements are removed.

• Handle edge cases such as empty arrays and removing more elements than the array contains.

Floyd Warshall finds shortest path between all pairs of vertices while Djikstra finds shortest path from a single source.

• Floyd Warshall is used for dense graphs while Djikstra is used for sparse graphs.

• Floyd Warshall has a time complexity of O(n^3) while Djikstra has a time complexity of O((n+m)logn).

• Floyd Warshall can handle negative edge weights while Djikstra cannot.

• Floyd Warshall can detect negative cycles while Dj...read more

There is no known algorithm to find shortest path in 2-D space in O(log N) time.

• The best known algorithm for finding shortest path in 2-D space is Dijkstra's algorithm which has a time complexity of O(N^2).

• Other algorithms like A* and Bellman-Ford have better time complexity but still not O(log N).

• If the points are on a grid, Lee algorithm can be used which has a time complexity of O(N).

Design a system for putting newspapers using classes and functions

• Create a Newspaper class with attributes like title, date, and content

• Create a Publisher class with methods to publish and distribute newspapers

• Create a Subscriber class with methods to subscribe and receive newspapers

• Use inheritance to create different types of newspapers like daily, weekly, etc.

• Implement a database to store newspaper information and ha...read more

I believe practical experience is more valuable than higher studies.

• I have gained valuable experience through internships and projects.

• I prefer hands-on learning and problem-solving over theoretical knowledge.

• I am constantly learning and improving my skills through online courses and workshops.

Recent issues faced in the organization include project delays, communication gaps, and technical debt impacting productivity.

• Project Delays: We encountered delays in project timelines due to unforeseen technical challenges, such as integrating legacy systems with new technologies.

• Communication Gaps: Miscommunication between teams led to misunderstandings about project requirements, resulting in rework and wasted resou...read more