90+ Defa Lighting Solutions Interview Questions and Answers

The maximum number of bridges that can be connected between two sides of a river without crossing each other.

• This is a dynamic programming problem.

• Create a 2D array to store the maximum number of bridges that can be connected at each position.

• Initialize the first row and column of the array with 0.

• Iterate through the sides of the river and compare the labels.

• If the labels match, update the value in the array by adding 1 to the diagonal element.

• If the labels don't match, take ...read more

The number of ways to reach the nth step using 1 or 2 steps at a time.

• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem

• Create an array to store the number of ways to reach each step

• Initialize the first two elements of the array as 1, since there is only one way to reach the first and second steps

• For each subsequent step, the number of ways to reach it is the sum of the number of ways to reach the previous two steps

• Return the value at the nth index of the array

The set of all nodes that can occur in any path from a source to a destination in both directed and undirected graphs.

• Perform a depth-first search (DFS) or breadth-first search (BFS) from the source node to the destination node.

• During the search, keep track of all visited nodes.

• Add each visited node to the set of nodes that can occur in any path.

• Repeat the search for both directed and undirected graphs.

• The resulting set will contain all nodes that can occur in any path from t...read more

Find the maximum interval that intersects the maximum number of intervals.

• Sort the intervals based on their start times.

• Iterate through the sorted intervals and keep track of the current interval with the maximum number of intersections.

• Update the maximum interval whenever a new interval intersects more intervals than the current maximum interval.

Check if an array can be partitioned into two subarrays with equal sum.

• Iterate through the array and calculate the total sum of all elements.

• If the sum is odd, return false as it cannot be divided into two equal parts.

• If the sum is even, try to find a subset with sum equal to half of the total sum.

• Use dynamic programming or backtracking to find the subset sum.

Merge two sorted arrays with empty spaces at the end in a single pass.

• Initialize two pointers at the end of each array

• Compare the elements at the pointers and place the larger element at the end of the merged array

• Decrement the pointer of the array from which the larger element was taken

• Repeat until all elements are merged

Use 'pkill' command with '-f' option to kill all java processes.

• Open terminal or command prompt

• Type 'pkill -f java' and press enter

• All java processes will be terminated

Rental real estate in India is a thriving market with high demand and various factors influencing its functioning.

• Rental real estate in India is driven by factors such as location, property type, and market demand.

• The rental market in India is highly competitive, especially in major cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore.

• Property owners can earn rental income by leasing out residential or commercial properties.

• Rent agreements in India typically involve a fixed term, securit...read more

The code should traverse the binary tree level by level and update the next pointers accordingly.

• Use a queue to perform level order traversal of the binary tree.

• For each node, update its next pointer to point to the next node in the queue.

• If the current node is the last node in the level, update its next pointer to NULL.

Given a map with flats and their location and visibility index, show every flat with a square of 32x32.

• Create a 1024x1024 map with flats and their visibility index

• Loop through each flat and draw a 32x32 square around it

• Display the map with all the flats highlighted

Implement a ctlr+f (find) functionality in a file using a data structure.

• Create a data structure to store the file content, such as an array of strings.

• Implement a function that takes a search query and returns the matching lines from the file.

• Use string matching algorithms like Knuth-Morris-Pratt or Boyer-Moore for efficient searching.

• Consider optimizing the data structure for faster search operations, like using a trie or a hash table.

The exact number of women traveling in a Delhi metro line on a Saturday is not available.

• The Delhi metro authorities do not provide real-time data on the number of women passengers.

• The number of women traveling on a Saturday can vary depending on various factors such as time of day, specific metro line, and events happening in the city.

• To determine the exact number, a survey or data collection process would be required.

• The Delhi metro authorities may have historical data on t...read more

It is not possible to add two integers that cannot be stored even in long long int.

• The maximum value that can be stored in long long int is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.

• Any two integers whose sum exceeds this value cannot be stored in long long int.

• In such cases, a different data type or approach is required to handle the large numbers.

Yes, by using regular expressions to match phone number patterns.

• Use regular expressions to match phone number patterns

• Common phone number patterns include (XXX) XXX-XXXX and XXX-XXX-XXXX

• Consider international phone number formats as well

• Use a programming language with regex support, such as Python or JavaScript

The function decodes a URL-encoded string by replacing specific characters with their corresponding symbols.

• Iterate through each character in the input string

• If the character is '%', check the next two characters to determine the replacement symbol

• Replace the '%XX' sequence with the corresponding symbol

• Continue until all occurrences of '%XX' are replaced

The number of Nike shoes sold in India during sale season is not available.

• Data on the number of Nike shoes sold in India during sale season is not provided.

• The exact number of Nike shoes sold during sale season can vary each year.

• Sales data for Nike shoes in India during sale season is not publicly available.

Use inotifywait command to monitor file changes in Linux.

• Install inotify-tools package

• Use inotifywait command with options like -m for continuous monitoring and -e for specific events

• Example: inotifywait -m /var/log/messages -e modify

• Output will show the file path, event type and timestamp

Airtel's revenue sources include mobile services, digital TV, enterprise services, and others. Approximate figure is around $12 billion.

• Mobile services including voice and data

• Digital TV services

• Enterprise services such as cloud and connectivity solutions

• Other sources such as payments bank and Airtel Xstream

• Approximate revenue figure is around $12 billion

Chef is a configuration management tool used for automating infrastructure deployment and management.

• Chef helps in automating the process of configuring and managing servers and applications.

• It allows for consistent and repeatable infrastructure deployments.

• Chef can be used to manage both on-premises and cloud-based infrastructure.

• It provides a centralized platform for managing configurations and enforcing policies.

• Chef can be integrated with other DevOps tools like Jenkins a...read more

The maximum contiguous circular sum in an array is the maximum sum that can be obtained by wrapping the array around in a circular manner.

• To find the maximum contiguous circular sum, we can use Kadane's algorithm twice.

• First, we find the maximum sum using Kadane's algorithm for the non-circular array.

• Then, we find the maximum sum using Kadane's algorithm for the circular array by subtracting the minimum sum subarray from the total sum of the array.

• The maximum of these two sum...read more

Financial markets have a significant impact on real estate by influencing interest rates, investment flows, and property values.

• Interest rates: Changes in interest rates affect mortgage rates, making it more or less affordable for individuals to buy homes.

• Investment flows: Investors often allocate funds between financial markets and real estate, impacting property prices and demand.

• Property values: Economic conditions and investor sentiment in financial markets can influence ...read more

Optimise SQL query by identifying bottlenecks and improving indexing and query structure.

• Identify slow performing queries using profiling tools

• Improve indexing by adding or removing indexes

• Rewrite query structure to reduce complexity and improve performance

• Use query optimisation techniques like subqueries and joins

• Consider caching frequently accessed data

Ruby program to check directory existence and write permissions.

• Use File.exist? method to check if directory exists.

• Use File.writable? method to check if directory has write permissions.

• Combine both methods to get the desired result.

Good is subjective and can vary based on context. Bad can be improved by identifying and addressing the root cause.

• Good can be good because it meets a specific need or requirement

• Good can also be good because it exceeds expectations or provides additional benefits

• Bad can be improved by identifying the root cause of the issue

• Once the root cause is identified, a plan can be put in place to address it

• Regular evaluation and feedback can help ensure continued improvement

The estimated money spent on rental housing in Bombay for 1BHK and 2BHK apartments depends on various factors such as location, amenities, and demand.

• The rental prices for 1BHK and 2BHK apartments vary depending on the location in Bombay.

• The rental prices are higher in areas like South Bombay, Bandra, and Juhu compared to suburbs like Thane and Navi Mumbai.

• The rental prices also depend on the amenities provided by the apartment complex such as gym, swimming pool, and parking ...read more

Find the length of the longest substring without any repeating characters.

• Use a sliding window approach to iterate through the string.

• Keep track of the characters seen so far using a set.

• Update the maximum length of the substring whenever a repeating character is encountered.

Report the scam to the appropriate authorities and seek legal action.

• Gather evidence of the scam such as emails, contracts, and receipts.

• Report the scam to the local real estate board or regulatory agency.

• Consider seeking legal action against the broker.

• Inform others in the industry about the scam to prevent future incidents.

• Be cautious when working with new brokers and thoroughly research their reputation and track record.

Position property in CSS

• position: static is the default value

• position: relative is relative to its normal position

• position: absolute is relative to the nearest positioned ancestor

• position: fixed is relative to the viewport

A server is a computer program that provides services to other computer programs or clients over a network.

• A server listens for incoming requests from clients

• It processes the requests and sends back the response

• Servers can be dedicated or shared

• Examples include web servers, email servers, and file servers

A process in Linux is a running instance of a program or command.

• A process is identified by a unique process ID (PID)

• Processes can be started, stopped, and managed using commands like ps, kill, and top

• Processes can run in the foreground or background

• Processes can communicate with each other through inter-process communication (IPC)

• Examples of processes include web servers, database servers, and user applications

Linux boot process involves several stages including BIOS, bootloader, kernel initialization, and user space initialization.

• BIOS performs a power-on self-test and loads the bootloader from the boot device.

• Bootloader loads the kernel into memory and initializes it.

• Kernel initializes hardware, mounts the root file system, and starts the init process.

• Init process starts user space processes and services.

• Linux boot process can be customized by modifying bootloader configuration a...read more

Sorry, I cannot answer this question without available data.

• No data available to calculate revenue of the government electricity board of Maharastra.

Given a binary tree, print sum of each level

• Use a breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm to traverse the tree level by level

• Keep track of the sum of each level using a separate variable for each level

• Print the sum of each level after traversing the entire tree

Node is a popular server-side JavaScript runtime environment.

• Node is fast and efficient for handling I/O operations.

• It has a large and active community with a vast number of modules available.

• Node allows for easy scalability and can handle a large number of concurrent connections.

• It is cross-platform and can run on various operating systems.

• Node is commonly used for building real-time applications, APIs, and microservices.

A product manager should have strong leadership, communication, and analytical skills.

• Leadership: Ability to inspire and motivate cross-functional teams towards a common goal.

• Communication: Excellent communication skills to effectively convey product vision, strategy, and roadmap to stakeholders.

• Analytical skills: Ability to analyze data and make data-driven decisions to improve product performance.

• Customer-focused: Understanding customer needs and pain points to develop prod...read more

Good products solve problems and provide value, while bad products are poorly designed and fail to meet user needs.

• Good products are intuitive and easy to use

• Good products have a clear value proposition

• Good products are reliable and perform well

• Bad products have confusing interfaces and are difficult to navigate

• Bad products lack key features or have unnecessary ones

• Bad products are prone to bugs and crashes

• Example of good product: iPhone

• Example of bad product: Juicero

Interstellar is a science fiction movie that explores the concept of time travel and the survival of humanity.

• The movie is based on the theory of relativity and the concept of wormholes.

• It explores the idea of time dilation, where time moves slower in a strong gravitational field.

• The movie also touches upon the consequences of climate change and the need for humanity to find a new habitable planet.

• The plot revolves around a group of astronauts who travel through a wormhole in...read more

Sockets and Ajax are both used for real-time communication, but sockets are more efficient for continuous data transfer.

• Sockets provide a persistent connection between client and server, while Ajax uses HTTP requests.

• Sockets are faster and more efficient for real-time data transfer.

• Ajax is better suited for occasional data updates or small amounts of data.

• Examples of socket-based applications include chat rooms and online gaming.

• Examples of Ajax-based applications include soc...read more

It is not clear what 'it' refers to in the question.

• Please provide more context or clarify the question.

• Without additional information, it is impossible to answer the question.

• Can you please rephrase the question or provide more details?

Inheritance with prototypes allows objects to inherit properties and methods from other objects in JavaScript.

• Create a constructor function for the parent object

• Add properties and methods to the parent object's prototype

• Create a constructor function for the child object

• Set the child object's prototype to be an instance of the parent object

The average value of sales made per transaction till date.

• Sales ticket size till date is the average value of sales made per transaction.

• It is calculated by dividing the total sales revenue by the number of transactions.

• For example, if a company has made $100,000 in sales from 1,000 transactions, the sales ticket size till date would be $100.

• This metric can help identify trends in customer spending habits and inform pricing strategies.

• It can also be used to track the effectiv...read more

Prototypal Inheritance is a way of creating objects based on existing objects.

• Objects inherit properties and methods from their prototype object

• Allows for efficient use of memory and code reuse

• Can lead to unexpected behavior if not used carefully

Pricing of a product

• Consider the cost of production, marketing, and distribution

• Analyze the competition and market demand

• Determine the value proposition and target audience

• Set a price that is competitive and profitable

• Regularly review and adjust pricing strategy

ES6 (ECMAScript 2015) is a major update to JavaScript that introduced new features and syntax.

• let and const for variable declaration

• arrow functions for concise syntax

• template literals for string interpolation

• destructuring for easy assignment of object properties

• spread and rest operators for manipulating arrays and objects

• classes for object-oriented programming

• modules for better code organization

Implement a generics method map in Java

• Create a generic method that takes an array and a function as parameters

• Use a lambda expression to apply the function to each element in the array

• Return a new array with the transformed elements

Rotated sorted array problem involves finding a target element in a rotated sorted array.

• Use binary search to find the pivot point where the array is rotated.

• Divide the array into two subarrays and perform binary search on the appropriate subarray.

• Handle cases where the target element is at the pivot point or not present in the array.

Closures are functions that have access to variables in their outer scope.

• Closures are created when a function is defined inside another function.

• The inner function has access to the outer function's variables, even after the outer function has returned.

• Closures can be used to create private variables and methods in JavaScript.

• Example: function outer() { let x = 10; function inner() { console.log(x); } return inner; } const closure = outer(); closure(); // logs 10

Closure in JS is when a function is able to remember and access its lexical scope even when it is executed outside that scope.

• Closure allows a function to access variables from its outer function even after the outer function has finished executing.

• Functions in JavaScript form closures, which means they 'remember' the variables in the scope where they were created.

• Closures are commonly used in event handlers, callbacks, and in modules to create private variables.

Design a heap tree data structure

• A heap is a complete binary tree where the value of each node is greater than or equal to the values of its children

• There are two types of heaps: min heap (parent node is smaller than children) and max heap (parent node is larger than children)

• Heap can be implemented using arrays where parent node at index i has children at indices 2i+1 and 2i+2