10+ Ashtech 3d Innovations Interview Questions and Answers

Micro kernel is a small kernel that only provides essential services while macro kernel provides all services in the kernel space.

• Micro kernel provides only essential services while macro kernel provides all services in the kernel space

• Micro kernel is more secure and reliable than macro kernel

• Examples of micro kernel-based operating systems are QNX and L4 while examples of macro kernel-based operating systems are Linux and Windows

Real-time systems require timely and accurate response to external events.

• Real-time systems must respond to external events within a specific time frame.

• Timing constraints must be met to ensure system reliability.

• Examples include air traffic control systems, medical monitoring devices, and industrial control systems.

Hard real-time systems have strict timing requirements while soft real-time systems have flexible timing requirements.

• Hard real-time systems must meet their deadlines or catastrophic consequences may occur

• Soft real-time systems have some flexibility in meeting their deadlines

• Examples of hard real-time systems include air traffic control systems and medical equipment

• Examples of soft real-time systems include video streaming and online gaming

The best page replacement algorithm depends on the system's requirements and usage patterns.

• FIFO is simple and easy to implement but may suffer from the Belady's anomaly.

• LRU is effective in reducing the number of page faults but requires additional hardware support.

• Optimal algorithm has the lowest possible page fault rate but is impractical to implement.

• Clock algorithm is a compromise between FIFO and LRU and is widely used in operating systems.

• Second chance algorithm is a mo...read more

A mission critical system is a system that is essential for the operation of an organization or process.

• A system that, if it fails, can cause significant harm to people, the environment, or the organization's operations

• Examples include air traffic control systems, power grid systems, and emergency response systems

• These systems require high levels of reliability, availability, and security

• They often have redundant components and backup systems to ensure continuous operation

A real-time system is a computer system that processes data as it is received and provides immediate results.

• Real-time systems are used in industries such as aviation, healthcare, and finance.

• They require fast response times and high reliability.

• Examples include air traffic control systems, medical monitoring devices, and stock trading systems.

Software life cycle refers to the stages involved in the development of software, from conception to retirement.

• It includes planning, designing, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Each stage has its own set of activities and deliverables.

• The life cycle model can be iterative, sequential, or a combination of both.

• Examples of life cycle models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps.

• The goal is to produce high-quality software that meets the needs of the stakeholders.

A microkernel is a minimalistic approach to kernel design where the kernel provides only the essential services.

• Microkernels are designed to be small and efficient.

• They provide only the most basic services, such as inter-process communication and memory management.

• Examples of microkernels include MINIX, L4, and QNX.

• Microkernels are often contrasted with monolithic kernels, which provide a much broader range of services.

• One advantage of microkernels is that they are more modul...read more

Paging is used to efficiently manage memory by allowing the operating system to move pages of memory between RAM and disk.

• Paging allows for more efficient use of memory by freeing up space in RAM when it is not needed.

• It allows the operating system to move pages of memory between RAM and disk, freeing up space in RAM for other processes.

• Paging also allows for virtual memory, which allows programs to use more memory than is physically available on the system.

• Examples of operat...read more