Gif Technologies Interview Questions and Answers

A class is a blueprint for creating objects in object-oriented programming.

• Classes define the properties and behaviors of objects.

• Objects are instances of classes.

• Classes can inherit properties and behaviors from other classes.

• Example: Class 'Car' may have properties like 'color' and 'model', and behaviors like 'drive' and 'stop'.

An object is a self-contained entity that consists of properties and methods to perform specific tasks.

• Objects are instances of classes in object-oriented programming.

• They have attributes (properties) and behaviors (methods).

• Example: A car object can have properties like color, model, and methods like start(), stop().

Constructor is a special type of method in a class that is automatically called when an object of that class is created.

• Constructors have the same name as the class they belong to

• They can be used to initialize the object's state or perform any necessary setup

• Constructors can be parameterized to accept arguments during object creation

• Example: public class Person { public Person(String name) { this.name = name; }}

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPs focuses on creating objects that contain both data and methods to manipulate that data.

• The four main principles of OOPs are Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.

• Types of OOPs include Class-based and Prototype-based.

• Examples of OOPs languages include Java, C++, and Python.

Access modifiers are keywords in programming languages that define the accessibility of classes, methods, and other members.

• Types of access modifiers in C# are public, private, protected, internal, protected internal.

• Public - accessible from any other class.

• Private - accessible only within the same class.

• Protected - accessible within the same class or derived classes.

• Internal - accessible within the same assembly.

• Prote...read more

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructor, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.

• A class can inherit only one abstract class but can implement multiple interfaces.

• Abstract class is used to provide a common base for multiple derived classes, while interface is used to define a contract f...read more

Garbage collection in C# is an automatic memory management process that deallocates memory that is no longer in use.

• Garbage collection is a process where the runtime environment automatically deallocates memory that is no longer needed by the program.

• It helps in preventing memory leaks and ensures efficient memory usage.

• Garbage collection in C# is performed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and uses algorithms like ...read more

Ref and Out parameters are used in C# to pass arguments by reference instead of by value.

• Ref parameters are used to pass arguments by reference, allowing the called method to modify the value of the argument.

• Out parameters are similar to ref parameters, but they do not require the caller to initialize the parameter before calling the method.

• Example: void CalculateArea(ref int length, int width) { length = length * widt...read more

Delegates are type-safe function pointers in C# that allow methods to be passed as parameters.

• Delegates are similar to function pointers in C++.

• Delegates can be used to create callback functions.

• Delegates are used in event handling in C#.

• Delegates can be multicast, meaning they can hold references to multiple methods.

• Example: delegate void MyDelegate(string message);

Equality in SQL refers to comparing two values to see if they are the same.

• In SQL, equality is determined using the = operator.

• It is used in WHERE clauses to filter data based on specific values.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table WHERE column_name = 'value';

Delete removes rows one by one and can be rolled back, while Truncate removes all rows at once and cannot be rolled back.

• Delete is a DML command while Truncate is a DDL command.

• Delete can be rolled back using a transaction, while Truncate cannot be rolled back.

• Delete fires triggers on each row deletion, while Truncate does not fire triggers.

• Delete is slower as it removes rows one by one, while Truncate is faster as it ...read more

Clustered index physically reorders the data in the table while non-clustered index creates a separate structure.

• Clustered index determines the physical order of data rows in a table.

• Non-clustered index creates a separate structure to store the index data.

• A table can have only one clustered index but multiple non-clustered indexes.

• Clustered index is faster for retrieval but slower for insert and update operations.

• Non-c...read more

Indexes are data structures that improve the speed of data retrieval operations in databases.

• Indexes are used to quickly locate data without having to search every row in a database table.

• They are created on columns in a database table to speed up the data retrieval process.

• Examples of indexes include primary keys, unique keys, and non-unique keys.

Different types of joins are Inner Join, Left Join, Right Join, and Full Join.

• Inner Join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables.

• Left Join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right Join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.

• Full Join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.

Stored Procedure is a precompiled set of SQL statements while Function is a reusable code block that returns a value.

• Stored Procedure can perform multiple operations and can return multiple values, while Function returns only one value.

• Stored Procedure can have input and output parameters, while Function can only have input parameters.

• Stored Procedure can call a Function, but a Function cannot call a Stored Procedure.

• S...read more

WebDriver is a tool for automating web application testing.

• WebDriver is a web automation tool that allows you to control a browser from your code.

• It supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, etc.

• WebDriver can interact with web elements like buttons, text fields, etc.

• It can simulate user interactions such as clicking, typing, etc.

• WebDriver is commonly used for automated testing of web applications.