ESG Book Data Intern Interview Questions and Answers

I am a Senior Data Engineer with experience in building scalable data pipelines and optimizing data processing workflows.

• Experience in designing and implementing ETL processes using tools like Apache Spark and Airflow

• Proficient in working with large datasets and optimizing query performance

• Strong background in data modeling and database design

• Worked on projects involving real-time data processing and streaming analytic

Decorators in Python are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods.

• Decorators are defined using the @decorator_name syntax before a function definition.

• They can be used to add functionality to existing functions without modifying their code.

• Decorators can be used for logging, timing, authentication, and more.

• Example: @staticmethod decorator in Python is used to define a static method in a class.

SQL query to group by employee ID and combine first name and last name with a space

• Use the GROUP BY clause to group by employee ID

• Use the CONCAT function to combine first name and last name with a space

• Select employee ID, CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) AS full_name

Constructors in Python are special methods used for initializing objects. They are called automatically when a new instance of a class is created.

• Constructors are defined using the __init__() method in a class.

• They are used to initialize instance variables of a class.

• Example: class Person: def __init__(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age person1 = Person('Alice', 30)

Indexing in SQL is a technique used to improve the performance of queries by creating a data structure that allows for faster retrieval of data.

• Indexes are created on columns in a database table to speed up the retrieval of rows that match a certain condition in a WHERE clause.

• Indexes can be created using CREATE INDEX statement in SQL.

• Types of indexes include clustered indexes, non-clustered indexes, unique indexes, an...read more

Spark works well with Parquet files due to its columnar storage format, efficient compression, and ability to push down filters.

• Parquet files are columnar storage format, which aligns well with Spark's processing model of working on columns rather than rows.

• Parquet files support efficient compression, reducing storage space and improving read performance in Spark.

• Spark can push down filters to Parquet files, allowing f...read more

Different types of joins available in Databricks include inner join, outer join, left join, right join, and cross join.

• Inner join: Returns only the rows that have matching values in both tables.

• Outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in either table.

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows ...read more

Implementing fault tolerance in a data pipeline involves redundancy, monitoring, and error handling.

• Use redundant components to ensure continuous data flow

• Implement monitoring tools to detect failures and bottlenecks

• Set up automated alerts for immediate response to issues

• Design error handling mechanisms to gracefully handle failures

• Use checkpoints and retries to ensure data integrity

AutoLoader is a feature in data engineering that automatically loads data from various sources into a data warehouse or database.

• Automates the process of loading data from different sources

• Reduces manual effort and human error

• Can be scheduled to run at specific intervals

• Examples: Apache Nifi, AWS Glue

To connect to different services in Azure, you can use Azure SDKs, REST APIs, Azure Portal, Azure CLI, and Azure PowerShell.

• Use Azure SDKs for programming languages like Python, Java, C#, etc.

• Utilize REST APIs to interact with Azure services programmatically.

• Access and manage services through the Azure Portal.

• Leverage Azure CLI for command-line interface interactions.

• Automate tasks using Azure PowerShell scripts.

Linked Services are connections to external data sources or destinations in Azure Data Factory.

• Linked Services define the connection information needed to connect to external data sources or destinations.

• They can be used in Data Factory pipelines to read from or write to external systems.

• Examples of Linked Services include Azure Blob Storage, Azure SQL Database, and Amazon S3.

Bigtable is a NoSQL database for real-time analytics, while BigQuery is a fully managed data warehouse for running SQL queries.

• Bigtable is a NoSQL database designed for real-time analytics and high throughput, while BigQuery is a fully managed data warehouse for running SQL queries.

• Bigtable is used for storing large amounts of semi-structured data, while BigQuery is used for analyzing structured data using SQL queries.

• ...read more

To remove duplicate rows from BigQuery, use the DISTINCT keyword. To find the month of a given date, use the EXTRACT function.

• To remove duplicate rows, use SELECT DISTINCT * FROM table_name;

• To find the month of a given date, use SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH FROM date_column) AS month_name FROM table_name;

• Make sure to replace 'table_name' and 'date_column' with the appropriate values in your query.

The operator used in Composer to move data from GCS to BigQuery is the GCS to BigQuery operator.

• The GCS to BigQuery operator is used in Apache Airflow, which is the underlying technology of Composer.

• This operator allows you to transfer data from Google Cloud Storage (GCS) to BigQuery.

• You can specify the source and destination parameters in the operator to define the data transfer process.

Code to square each element in the input array.

• Iterate through the input array and square each element.

• Store the squared values in a new array to get the desired output.

Dataflow is a fully managed stream and batch processing service, while Dataproc is a managed Apache Spark and Hadoop service.

• Dataflow is a serverless data processing service that automatically scales to handle your data, while Dataproc is a managed Spark and Hadoop service that requires you to provision and manage clusters.

• Dataflow is designed for both batch and stream processing, allowing you to process data in real-t...read more

BigQuery architecture includes storage, execution, and optimization components for efficient query processing.

• BigQuery stores data in Capacitor storage system for fast access.

• Query execution is distributed across multiple nodes for parallel processing.

• Query optimization techniques include partitioning tables, clustering tables, and using query cache.

• Using partitioned tables can help eliminate scanning unnecessary data.

• ...read more

RDD vs dataframe vs dataset in PySpark

• RDD (Resilient Distributed Dataset) is the basic abstraction in PySpark, representing a distributed collection of objects

• Dataframe is a distributed collection of data organized into named columns, similar to a table in a relational database

• Dataset is a distributed collection of data with the ability to use custom classes for type safety and user-defined functions

• Dataframes and Data...read more

I have a background in data analysis with experience in using tools like Python, SQL, and Tableau.

• I have a degree in Statistics and have worked as a Data Analyst for 3 years.

• My daily activities include cleaning and analyzing data, creating visualizations, and presenting insights to stakeholders.

• I use Python for data manipulation and analysis, SQL for querying databases, and Tableau for creating interactive dashboards.

• I...read more

Advanced Excel and Power BI are tools used for data analysis and visualization in companies and for clients.

• Advanced Excel allows for complex data manipulation, analysis, and visualization using features like pivot tables, macros, and VBA programming.

• Power BI is a business analytics tool that provides interactive visualizations and business intelligence capabilities, connecting to various data sources.

• These tools are u...read more

I have extensive experience in using Advanced Excel and Power BI for data analysis projects.

• Created complex formulas and macros in Excel to automate data processing tasks

• Designed interactive dashboards in Power BI to visualize and analyze data trends

• Integrated data from multiple sources into Power BI for comprehensive analysis

• Used Power Query and Power Pivot in Excel to manipulate and analyze large datasets

• Provided dat...read more

Credit and operations concepts in relation to KYC procedures and client data privacy.

• Credit refers to the extension of money or resources to a client based on their financial history and ability to repay.

• Operations involve the day-to-day processes and procedures within a financial institution to ensure smooth functioning.

• KYC procedures are used to verify the identity of clients to prevent fraud and money laundering.

• Pri...read more