Engati Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Q1. 
Level Order Traversal Problem Statement
Given a binary tree of integers, return the level order traversal of the binary tree.
Input:
The first line contains an integer 'T', representing the number of te...read more
Ans. 
Return the level order traversal of a binary tree given in level order with null nodes represented by -1.
• Create a queue to store nodes for level order traversal

• Start with the root node and add it to the queue

• While the queue is not empty, dequeue a node, print its value, and enqueue its children

• Repeat until all nodes are traversed in level order
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Q1. What is a deadlock in DBMS, and can you explain the concepts of join and query?
Ans. 
A deadlock in DBMS occurs when two or more transactions are waiting for each other to release locks, causing them to be stuck indefinitely.
• Deadlock is a situation where two or more transactions are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release locks.

• To prevent deadlocks, DBMS uses techniques like deadlock detection and prevention algorithms.

• Joins in DBMS are used to combine rows from two or more ta...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. Design a system for Twitter, outlining the key components and architecture involved.
Ans. 
Design a system for Twitter
• Key components: user profiles, tweets, hashtags, timelines

• Architecture: microservices, load balancers, databases, caching

• Scalability: sharding, replication, CDN

• Real-time processing: streaming APIs, push notifications
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. 
Maximum Subarray Sum Queries
You are provided with an array of ‘N’ integers and ‘Q’ queries. Each query requires calculating the maximum subarray sum in a specified range of the array.
Input:
The first ...read more
Ans. 
Implement a function to calculate maximum subarray sum queries in a given range of an array.
• Iterate through each query and calculate the maximum subarray sum within the specified range using Kadane's algorithm.

• Keep track of the maximum sum found so far and update it as needed.

• Return the maximum subarray sum for each query in the test case.
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Q2. 
Sort 0 1 2 Problem Statement
Given an integer array arr of size 'N' containing only 0s, 1s, and 2s, write an algorithm to sort the array.
Input:
The first line contains an integer 'T' representing the n...read more
Ans. 
Sort an integer array containing only 0s, 1s, and 2s in linear time complexity.
• Use a single scan over the array to sort it in-place.

• Maintain three pointers for 0s, 1s, and 2s and swap elements accordingly.

• Example: Input: [0, 2, 1, 2, 0], Output: [0, 0, 1, 2, 2]
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Round duration - 20 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Mainly focus on java

First round is the aptitude round - they ask basic to advanced level coding questions

Basic DSA questions, best time to buy and sell stock and its variation

Q1. Basic nosql vs sql questions
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Q2. Designing system for google playstore
Ans. 
Designing a system for Google Playstore involves creating a platform for users to browse, download, and review apps.
• Implement a user-friendly interface for browsing and searching apps

• Develop a secure payment system for purchasing apps

• Include a review and rating system for users to provide feedback on apps

• Ensure scalability to handle a large number of users and apps

• Integrate analytics to track app performance and user b
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Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Hard

They gave around 7 days of time for attending the test.
It had 4 coding questions out of which I solved 2 fully and 2 partially. 
Questions were medium-hard and based on DSA.

Q1. 
Find the Third Greatest Element
Given an array 'ARR' of 'N' distinct integers, determine the third largest element in the array.
Input:
The first line contains a single integer 'T' representing the numb...read more
Ans. 
Find the third largest element in an array of distinct integers.
• Sort the array in descending order and return the element at index 2.

• Handle cases where the array has less than 3 elements separately.

• Consider edge cases like negative integers and duplicates.
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Q2. 
Wildcard Pattern Matching Problem Statement
Implement a wildcard pattern matching algorithm to determine if a given wildcard pattern matches a text string completely.
The wildcard pattern may include the...read more
Ans. 
Implement a wildcard pattern matching algorithm to determine if a given wildcard pattern matches a text string completely.
• Create a recursive function to match the pattern with the text character by character.

• Handle cases for '?' and '*' characters in the pattern.

• Use dynamic programming to optimize the solution.

• Check for edge cases like empty pattern or text.
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Q3. 
Detect and Remove Loop in Linked List
For a given singly linked list, identify if a loop exists and remove it, adjusting the linked list in place. Return the modified linked list.
Expected Complexity:
A...read more
Ans. 
Detect and remove loop in a singly linked list with O(n) time complexity and O(1) space complexity.
• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm to identify the loop in the linked list.

• Once the loop is detected, use two pointers to find the start of the loop.

• Adjust the pointers to remove the loop and return the modified linked list.

• Example: For input 5 2 and elements 1 2 3 4 5, output should be 1 2 3 4 5.
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Q4. 
Longest Common Subsequence Problem Statement
Given two strings STR1 and STR2, determine the length of their longest common subsequence.
A subsequence is a sequence that can be derived from another sequen...read more
Ans. 
The task is to find the length of the longest common subsequence between two given strings.
• Implement a function to find the longest common subsequence length.

• Use dynamic programming to solve the problem efficiently.

• Iterate through the strings to find the common subsequence.

• Handle edge cases like empty strings or equal strings.

• Example: For input 'abcde' and 'ace', the longest common subsequence is 'ace' with a length of
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