30+ D. R. John's Lab Pharma Private Limited Interview Questions and Answers

Descriptive statistics summarize data, while inferential statistics make predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample.

• Descriptive statistics describe the main features of a dataset, such as mean, median, and standard deviation.

• Inferential statistics involve making predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample, using techniques like hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.

• Example: Descriptive statistics would be calculating the average he...read more

I am currently working on a project analyzing customer behavior in an e-commerce platform.

• Using regression analysis to identify factors influencing customer purchase decisions

• Applying clustering techniques to segment customers based on their behavior

• Utilizing hypothesis testing to determine the effectiveness of marketing strategies

Degree of freedom represents the number of independent values or quantities which can be assigned to a statistical distribution.

• Degree of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary.

• In simple terms, it signifies the number of independent pieces of information available to estimate a parameter.

• For example, in a t-test, the degree of freedom is n-1, where n is the sample size.

• In ANOVA, the degree of freedom for between groups is...read more

T-test is a statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups.

• T-test is used to compare the means of two groups to see if they are significantly different.

• Assumptions for t-test include normal distribution of data, independence of observations, and homogeneity of variances.

• There are two types of t-tests: independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test.

• T-distribution is similar to the normal distribution but with heavi...read more

EventLoop is a mechanism in JavaScript that allows for asynchronous execution of code.

• EventLoop is responsible for managing the execution of code in JavaScript.

• It ensures that code is executed in a non-blocking manner.

• EventLoop continuously checks for any pending tasks and executes them.

• It maintains a call stack and a task queue to manage the order of execution.

• EventLoop is crucial for handling asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

Clinical trials are research studies that test how well new medical treatments work in people.

• Clinical trials are conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new treatments or interventions.

• There are typically four phases in clinical trials: Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4.

• In Phase 1, the sample size is usually small (20-100 participants) to assess safety and dosage.

• Phase 2 involves a larger sample size (100-300 participants) to evaluate effectiveness and side eff...read more

P-value is a measure that helps determine the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis in statistical hypothesis testing.

• P-value is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

• A low p-value (typically ≤ 0.05) indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, leading to its rejection.

• For example, if a study comparing two drugs shows a p-value of 0.03, it suggests that there is a 3% chance that the r...read more

ANOVA is used to compare means of three or more groups. Assumptions include normality, homogeneity of variances, and independence.

• ANOVA is used to compare means of three or more groups to determine if there is a significant difference among them.

• Assumptions for ANOVA include normality of data within each group, homogeneity of variances between groups, and independence of observations.

• Example: ANOVA can be used to compare the average test scores of students in different school...read more

Descriptive statistics techniques include measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness, and kurtosis.

• Measures of central tendency include mean, median, and mode.

• Measures of dispersion include range, variance, and standard deviation.

• Skewness measures the asymmetry of the data distribution.

• Kurtosis measures the peakedness or flatness of the data distribution.

• The three types of kurtosis are mesokurtic (normal distribution), leptokurtic (tall and sharp peak), and platykurti...read more

Authentication verifies user identity, authorization grants access to resources. React and Node use JWT for authentication and middleware for authorization.

• Authentication confirms user identity, authorization checks if user has access to requested resource

• React and Node use JSON Web Tokens (JWT) for authentication

• Middleware is used in Node for authorization

• JWT is sent in the header of HTTP requests

• Authorization middleware checks if user has necessary permissions to access req...read more

Box plot is a visual representation of the distribution of a dataset, used to identify outliers and assess skewness.

• Box plot displays the median, quartiles, and potential outliers of a dataset.

• It is used to visually assess the spread, skewness, and presence of outliers in the data.

• Skewness can be assessed from the box plot by observing the relative lengths of the whiskers and the position of the median.

Supervised algorithms learn from labeled data while unsupervised algorithms learn from unlabeled data.

• Supervised algorithms are used for classification and regression tasks.

• Examples of supervised algorithms include decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines.

• Unsupervised algorithms are used for clustering and dimensionality reduction tasks.

• Examples of unsupervised algorithms include k-means clustering, principal component analysis, and autoencoders.

I would analyze the report to identify the cause of the decrease and develop a plan to improve the numbers.

• Review the report thoroughly to understand the data and identify the cause of the decrease

• Develop a plan to address the issue and improve the numbers

• Collaborate with team members and stakeholders to implement the plan

• Monitor progress and make adjustments as necessary

• Communicate updates and progress to relevant parties

Eli Lilly is known for its commitment to innovation and research in the pharmaceutical industry.

• Eli Lilly has a strong focus on developing new medications and treatments for various medical conditions.

• The company has a long history of pioneering breakthroughs in the field of medicine.

• Eli Lilly is recognized for its dedication to improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Mirroring is done in Territory alignment to ensure fair distribution of resources and opportunities among sales representatives.

• Mirroring helps in balancing workload and potential sales opportunities among territories.

• It ensures that each sales representative has a similar chance of success based on factors like customer density, market potential, and competition.

• By mirroring territories, companies can prevent one sales representative from having an unfair advantage over othe...read more

Heteroscedasticity is when the variability of a variable is unequal across the range of values of a second variable.

• Heteroscedasticity refers to the situation where the variance of errors or residuals is not constant across all levels of the independent variable.

• It violates the assumption of homoscedasticity in regression analysis.

• For example, in a scatter plot, if the spread of data points widens or narrows as the value of the independent variable increases, it indicates het...read more

The clean up is performed in the useEffect hook in React.

• Clean up code is typically written in the return function of the useEffect hook.

• This is useful for unsubscribing from subscriptions, clearing intervals, or any other necessary clean up tasks.

• Example: useEffect(() => { // code here return () => { // clean up code here } }, [])

SQL is a language used to manage relational databases while MySQL is a relational database management system.

• SQL is a language used to manage relational databases while MySQL is a relational database management system.

• SQL is a standard language used across different database management systems while MySQL is a specific implementation of a relational database management system.

• MySQL is open-source and free to use while some implementations of SQL may require licensing fees.

• MyS...read more

Fundamentals of API testing include understanding API endpoints, request methods, response codes, data formats, and authentication.

• Understanding API endpoints and their functionalities

• Testing different request methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

• Validating response codes such as 200, 400, 401, 404, etc.

• Verifying data formats like JSON, XML, or others

• Testing authentication mechanisms like OAuth, API keys, or tokens

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet, including storage, servers, databases, networking, software, and more.

• Cloud computing allows users to access and use resources on-demand without the need for physical infrastructure.

• It offers scalability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and increased efficiency compared to traditional on-premises solutions.

• Examples of cloud services include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platfo...read more

Evaluation of a classification model involves assessing its performance and accuracy.

• Calculate accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score

• Use confusion matrix to analyze true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives

• Consider ROC curve and AUC to measure model's ability to distinguish between classes

• Cross-validation and train-test split can be used to validate the model's performance

• Compare the model's performance with baseline or other models

Seeking new challenges and opportunities for growth.

• Looking for new challenges and opportunities to expand my skills

• Interested in working with a different client base or industry

• Seeking a more collaborative team environment

• Want to take on more leadership responsibilities

List comprehension is a concise way to create lists in Python by combining loops and conditional statements.

• List comprehension is written inside square brackets []

• It consists of an expression followed by a for loop and optional if statements

• It can be used to create new lists, filter existing lists, or transform elements in a list

• Example: squares = [x**2 for x in range(1, 6)]

• Example: evens = [x for x in range(1, 11) if x % 2 == 0]

LSTM is like a special type of memory that helps computers remember important things for a long time.

• LSTM is a type of neural network that can remember information for a long time.

• It is good at understanding sequences of data, like words in a sentence or values in a time series.

• LSTM can help predict future outcomes based on past patterns, like predicting the next word in a sentence or stock prices.

• It is commonly used in tasks like speech recognition, language translation, and...read more

Mirroring can enhance communication and empathy but may also lead to codependency and lack of boundaries.

• Advantages include improved communication, increased empathy, and building trust in relationships.

• Disadvantages may include codependency, lack of boundaries, and potential for enabling unhealthy behaviors.

• Mirroring can be beneficial in therapy sessions to help clients feel understood and validated.

• However, excessive mirroring without critical thinking can hinder personal g...read more

OAuth and Open ID Connect are protocols used for authentication and authorization in web applications.

• OAuth is used for authorization, allowing a user to grant access to their resources without sharing their credentials.

• Open ID Connect is an authentication layer on top of OAuth, providing user authentication and information about the user.

• OAuth 2.0 is commonly used for API authorization, while Open ID Connect is used for user authentication in single sign-on scenarios.

An app for diabetes patients to track blood sugar levels, medication, diet, and exercise.

• User-friendly interface for inputting blood sugar levels and medication intake

• Reminders for medication and doctor appointments

• Integration with fitness trackers to monitor exercise

• Database of healthy recipes and meal plans for diabetes management

Callback can lead to slower performance and increased complexity in code.

• Callback functions can create a lot of nested code, making it difficult to read and debug.

• Using callbacks can also lead to slower performance as each callback function adds to the call stack.

• Callback hell can occur when there are too many nested callbacks, making it difficult to manage and maintain code.

• Debugging callback functions can be challenging as errors may not be caught until runtime.

• Callbacks ca...read more

I have 5 years of experience in data science, including machine learning, data analysis, and statistical modeling.

• Experience with machine learning algorithms such as regression, classification, clustering

• Proficient in data analysis tools like Python, R, SQL

• Strong background in statistical modeling and hypothesis testing

• Worked on projects involving natural language processing and computer vision

• Experience with big data technologies like Hadoop, Spark

Microservices are a software development technique where applications are broken down into smaller, independent services that communicate with each other through APIs.

• Microservices are small, independent services that focus on specific business functions.

• Each microservice runs its own process and communicates with other services through APIs.

• Microservices can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently of each other.

• They promote flexibility, scalability, and resilience i...read more

Using SQL to extract substring of name

• Use the SUBSTRING function in SQL to extract a specific portion of a string

• Specify the starting position and length of the substring to be extracted

• Example: SELECT SUBSTRING('John Doe', 1, 4) AS First_Name will return 'John'

Use SQL to print cumulative sum of sales

• Use the SUM() function to calculate the cumulative sum of sales

• Utilize the OVER() clause with ORDER BY to specify the order of the cumulative sum

• Example: SELECT date, sales, SUM(sales) OVER (ORDER BY date) AS cumulative_sales FROM table_name

Gen Ai refers to the generation of artificial intelligence that focuses on mimicking human cognitive functions.

• Gen Ai aims to create AI systems that can think, learn, and problem-solve like humans.

• It involves technologies such as natural language processing, machine learning, and neural networks.

• Examples include virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa, as well as self-driving cars.

Response Curve model is a mathematical model used to describe the relationship between a stimulus and the response it generates.

• It is commonly used in fields such as psychology, biology, and economics to understand how different variables interact.

• The model typically involves plotting the stimulus on the x-axis and the response on the y-axis to visualize the relationship.

• It can help researchers predict how changes in the stimulus will impact the response.

• An example of a Respo...read more

Segmentation is the process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different needs, characteristics, or behaviors.

• Segmentation helps companies target specific customer groups more effectively

• Types of segmentation include demographic, psychographic, behavioral, and geographic

• Example: A company may segment their market based on age, income level, or purchasing behavior

I have been actively involved in various extracurricular activities such as volunteering, sports, and leadership roles.

• Volunteering at local community events and organizations

• Participating in sports teams or clubs

• Holding leadership positions in student clubs or organizations