30+ Cisco Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Find the minimum number of dice throws required to reach the last cell on a 'Snake and Ladder' board.

• Start from the bottom left cell and move according to dice outcomes (1-6).

• Utilize snakes and ladders to reach the last cell faster.

• Keep track of the minimum number of throws required to reach the last cell.

• If unreachable, return -1 as output.

Check if two strings are anagrams of each other by comparing their sorted characters.

• Sort the characters of both strings and compare them.

• Use a dictionary to count the frequency of characters in each string and compare the dictionaries.

• Ensure both strings have the same length before proceeding with comparison.

• Example: For input 'spar' and 'rasp', after sorting both strings, they become 'aprs' which are equal, so return True.

The task is to determine if a given substring is present in a given string.

• Iterate through the string S and check if each substring of length equal to the length of P matches P.

• Use string comparison to check for equality between substrings.

• Return 'YES' if a match is found, otherwise return 'NO'.

Object Oriented Programming concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class). Example: Class Car with properties like color and methods like drive().

• Inheritance: Creating new classes based on existing classes, inheriting their attributes and methods. Example: Class SUV inheriting from class Car.

• Polymorphism: Objects of different classes can be treated as obje...read more

Given a tree, find the number of nodes in each subtree rooted at every node.

• Traverse the tree using Depth First Search (DFS) to count nodes in each subtree.

• Maintain a count of nodes in each subtree while traversing the tree.

• Start the DFS from the root node (node 0) and recursively count nodes in each subtree.

• For leaf nodes, the subtree size will be 1 (the node itself).

Compute In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order traversals for a given binary tree.

• Implement tree traversal algorithms like In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order.

• Use recursion to traverse the binary tree efficiently.

• Maintain separate lists for each traversal type and return them as nested lists.

Remove duplicate occurrences of characters in a given string.

• Use a hash set to keep track of characters seen so far.

• Iterate through the string and add non-duplicate characters to a new string.

• Return the new string without duplicate characters.

A website sends data to a server through HTTP requests, which include the data in the request body or parameters.

• When a user interacts with a website (e.g. submits a form), the website sends an HTTP request to the server.

• The data can be sent in the request body (e.g. JSON or XML) or as parameters in the URL.

• The server processes the request, retrieves the data, and sends a response back to the website.

• Examples of data sent to a server include user input, file uploads, and API ...read more

The topic of the video I submitted for my assignment was the impact of renewable energy on reducing carbon emissions.

• Discussed various sources of renewable energy such as solar, wind, and hydro power

• Highlighted the benefits of transitioning to renewable energy for the environment and economy

• Provided examples of countries successfully implementing renewable energy initiatives

No, it is not possible to use a variable defined as both static and global in base file using extern.

• A variable cannot be both static and global at the same time.

• Static variables have file scope and cannot be accessed from other files using extern.

• Global variables can be accessed from other files using extern, but cannot be static.

• Therefore, it is not possible to use a variable defined as both static and global in base file using extern.

Use the sizeof operator on a variable of type int to get its size.

• Use sizeof operator on a variable of type int

• Size of int is typically 4 bytes

• Size may vary depending on the system architecture

Size of union in C is allocated based on the size of the largest member.

• The size of the union is equal to the size of the largest member.

• The memory allocated for a union is shared by all its members.

• Unions are used to save memory when only one member is accessed at a time.

Boundary problem refers to the difficulty in deciding the optimal size of structures to allocate resources.

• It involves determining the trade-off between the benefits of larger structures and the costs of building and maintaining them.

• The problem is particularly relevant in fields such as architecture, civil engineering, and urban planning.

• For example, in urban planning, deciding the optimal size of roads, buildings, and parks can have a significant impact on the quality of li...read more

PING works by sending ICMP echo request packets to a destination host and waiting for ICMP echo reply packets in response.

• PING uses the ICMP protocol to send echo request packets to a destination host.

• The destination host responds with ICMP echo reply packets if it is reachable.

• PING measures the round-trip time for the packets to travel to the destination and back.

• PING can also be used to check network connectivity and diagnose network issues.

When www.google.com is typed in a browser, the DNS server translates the domain name to an IP address to locate the website.

• DNS server translates domain name to IP address

• Browser sends request to DNS server to resolve domain name

• DNS server returns IP address of the website

• Browser then connects to the website using the IP address

Iterate through each row and count the number of 1s, return the row with the maximum count.

• Iterate through each row of the matrix

• Count the number of 1s in each row

• Track the row with the maximum count of 1s

Yes, some of the competitors of Cisco are Juniper Networks, Huawei, and Arista Networks.

• Juniper Networks is a networking equipment company that provides networking solutions to enterprises and service providers.

• Huawei is a Chinese multinational technology company that offers networking and telecommunications equipment and services.

• Arista Networks is a computer networking company that specializes in data center switches and cloud networking solutions.

The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that communicate with each other using standardized protocols.

• The internet is made up of physical infrastructure such as cables, routers, and servers.

• Data is transmitted across the internet using standardized protocols such as TCP/IP.

• The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

• Web browsers such as Chrome and Firefox use HTTP and HTTPS protocols to communicate wit...read more

A macro to set the nth bit.

• Use bitwise OR operator to set the nth bit to 1.

• Use left shift operator to move 1 to the nth position.

• Use bitwise AND operator to clear the nth bit if needed.

Find unique character from a string and optimize it

• Use a hash table to store the frequency of each character in the string

• Iterate through the hash table to find the character with frequency 1

• If there are multiple characters with frequency 1, return the first one

• Optimization: Stop iterating through the hash table once a character with frequency 1 is found

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet.

• Cloud computing allows users to access and use computing resources on-demand.

• Types of cloud computing include public, private, and hybrid clouds.

• Public clouds are owned and operated by third-party providers, like Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Microsoft Azure.

• Private clouds are dedicated to a single organization and can be located on-premises or hosted by a third-party provider.

• Hybrid clouds combine public ...read more

Design a basic hash map

• Use an array of linked lists to handle collisions

• Implement methods for adding, removing, and retrieving key-value pairs

• Include a hashing function to map keys to indices in the array

Code to check if a given string is a palindrome or not.

• Convert the string to lowercase to ignore case sensitivity.

• Use two pointers, one at the start and one at the end of the string.

• Compare the characters at both pointers and move them towards each other until they meet.

• If all characters match, the string is a palindrome.

The question is unclear and seems to be asking for two unrelated things.

• Clarify the question and ask for more information.

• Provide examples of what is being asked for in regards to swapping numbers in Python.

• Discuss OSPF and RIP in relation to network QA engineering.

Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array one item at a time.

• Iterate through the array starting from the second element

• Compare each element with the elements before it and insert it in the correct position

• Time complexity is O(n^2) in the worst case scenario

Deemed supply refers to transactions that are treated as supplies even though no actual supply has taken place.

• Deemed supply can include situations where goods or services are transferred without consideration, or when a business owner uses goods or services for personal use.

• Examples of deemed supply include gifts or samples given by a business, self-consumption of goods by a business owner, and transfers of assets between related parties.

• Deemed supply rules vary by jurisdict...read more