50+ EPAM Systems Interview Questions and Answers

Chemistry is the scientific study of matter, its properties, and interactions with other matter and energy.

• Chemistry is divided into five main branches: organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.

• PH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, with a range of 0-14. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic.

• Other important concepts in chemistry include chemical reactions, stoichiometry, therm...read more

CTC refers to Cost to Company, which includes all expenses related to an employee's salary and benefits.

• CTC includes salary, bonuses, benefits, and any other perks provided by the company.

• It is important for employees to understand their CTC to have a clear picture of their total compensation.

• Employers use CTC to calculate the total cost of hiring an employee.

• CTC can vary based on factors such as experience, job role, and company policies.

Data integrity is crucial for accurate decision-making and maintaining trust in the organization.

• Data integrity ensures that data is accurate, complete, and consistent.

• It is important to have proper data management policies and procedures in place.

• Regular data audits and checks should be conducted to ensure data integrity.

• Examples of data integrity violations include data entry errors, system glitches, and unauthorized access.

• Data integrity is especially important in industri...read more

P/V ratio and tip speed impact scale-up selection in process engineering.

• P/V ratio affects the level of shear stress in the system, influencing mixing and reaction rates.

• Higher tip speeds can lead to increased shear forces and heat generation, impacting product quality.

• Selection criteria include desired mixing intensity, heat transfer requirements, and shear sensitivity of the product.

• For example, in pharmaceutical manufacturing, a lower P/V ratio may be preferred for shear-s...read more

Tip speed is the speed at the outer edge of a rotating object, calculated by multiplying the radius by the angular velocity.

• Tip speed is the speed at the outer edge of a rotating object.

• It is calculated by multiplying the radius of the object by the angular velocity.

• In the laboratory, tip speed can be calculated using the formula: Tip Speed = 2 * π * Radius * RPM.

• In the pilot plant, the same formula can be used to calculate tip speed, but with the actual values of radius and ...read more

Heat transfer is the movement of heat from one place to another, while mass transfer is the movement of mass from one place to another. Both are important in various engineering processes.

• Heat transfer involves conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Mass transfer involves diffusion, convection, and molecular diffusion.

• Significance of heat transfer includes maintaining temperature in chemical reactors, HVAC systems, etc.

• Significance of mass transfer includes separation processe...read more

Calculations include scale-up factors, equipment sizing, material compatibility, process optimization, and cost analysis.

• Determine scale-up factors to ensure the lab process can be replicated in the plant

• Size equipment appropriately for the larger scale production

• Check material compatibility with plant equipment and process conditions

• Optimize the process parameters for efficiency and quality

• Conduct cost analysis to determine the feasibility of production at scale

The Beckmann reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the conversion of an oxime into an amide.

• The reaction is typically carried out using acid catalysts, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.

• The reaction proceeds through a rearrangement of the oxime to form an isocyanate intermediate, which then reacts with water to form the amide.

• The Beckmann reaction is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds.

• For example, the reaction can be...read more

The elements in 1 to 10 are Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon.

• Hydrogen

• Helium

• Lithium

• Beryllium

• Boron

• Carbon

• Nitrogen

• Oxygen

• Fluorine

• Neon

I have taken various actions in troubleshooting, including analyzing data, conducting experiments, and collaborating with team members.

• Analyze data to identify potential issues

• Conduct experiments to test hypotheses

• Collaborate with team members to brainstorm solutions

• Utilize problem-solving skills to troubleshoot complex problems

HAZOP stands for Hazard and Operability Study, a systematic method to identify potential hazards and operability issues in a process.

• HAZOP is a structured and systematic examination of a process to identify potential hazards and operability issues.

• It involves a team of experts analyzing the process step by step to identify deviations from the design intent.

• The team uses guide words such as 'no', 'more', 'less', 'as well as' to brainstorm potential deviations and their consequ...read more

CIPLA is a global pharmaceutical company headquartered in India, known for its focus on affordable healthcare solutions.

• CIPLA was founded in 1935 by Dr. K.A. Hamied in Mumbai, India.

• It is one of the largest generic pharmaceutical companies in the world.

• CIPLA is known for its research and development in areas such as respiratory, oncology, antiretrovirals, and cardiovascular.

• The company is committed to providing affordable and accessible healthcare solutions to people worldwid...read more

Dosage form refers to the physical form in which a drug is produced and dispensed for administration to a patient.

• Dosage forms can include tablets, capsules, syrups, injections, creams, and patches.

• The choice of dosage form depends on factors such as the drug's properties, patient preferences, and route of administration.

• Different dosage forms have varying onset of action, duration of effect, and bioavailability.

• Examples of dosage forms include extended-release tablets, effer...read more

PLC is a programmable logic controller used to control industrial processes. Inverter is an electronic device used to control the speed of AC motors.

• PLC is used to automate industrial processes by controlling the input and output signals of machines.

• Inverter is used to control the speed of AC motors by adjusting the frequency of the power supplied to the motor.

• To check PLC input and output, use a multimeter to measure the voltage and current signals.

• To find component faults, ...read more

The pharmaceutical industry involves the research, development, production, and marketing of drugs and medications.

• Pharmaceutical companies research and develop new drugs to treat various medical conditions.

• The industry is highly regulated to ensure safety and efficacy of medications.

• Pharmaceutical sales representatives promote drugs to healthcare professionals.

• Generic drugs are cheaper alternatives to brand-name medications.

• Biotechnology companies also play a role in the pha...read more

Petrol engines use spark ignition while diesel engines use compression ignition. Pulley system is a mechanism to transmit power.

• Petrol engines use petrol as fuel while diesel engines use diesel.

• Petrol engines use spark plugs to ignite the fuel while diesel engines use compression to ignite the fuel.

• Pulley system is a mechanism to transmit power from one shaft to another using a belt or chain.

• There are three types of pulleys: fixed pulley, movable pulley, and compound pulley.

Power Number and Flow Number are dimensionless numbers used in fluid mechanics to characterize the flow behavior of fluids in different systems.

• Power Number is a dimensionless number used to characterize the power consumption in a mixing system. It is defined as the ratio of the power input to the fluid to the product of the impeller speed, impeller diameter, and fluid density.

• Flow Number is a dimensionless number used to characterize the flow behavior of fluids in a mixing s...read more

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. is considered the best economy pharmaceutical company in India.

• Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. has a strong presence in the Indian market and is known for its affordable yet high-quality medicines.

• The company has a wide range of products in various therapeutic categories such as cardiology, neurology, gastroenterology, etc.

• Sun Pharma has also made significant investments in research and development, which has helped it to launch innovativ...read more

Pinacol-pinacolon reaction is a type of organic reaction that involves the conversion of a pinacol to a pinacolone.

• In this reaction, a carbon-carbon bond is broken and a new carbonyl group is formed.

• The reaction is catalyzed by an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.

• The reaction mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate.

• The pinacol-pinacolon reaction is an important reaction in organic chemistry and is used in the synthesis of various...read more

The mode of action of the brand involves targeting specific receptors or enzymes to produce a therapeutic effect.

• The brand works by binding to a specific receptor in the body, either activating or inhibiting its function.

• It may also work by inhibiting a specific enzyme involved in a disease process.

• For example, Brand X targets the dopamine receptors in the brain to treat schizophrenia.

• Another example is Brand Y, which inhibits the enzyme responsible for the production of chol...read more

Distillation rate can be calculated by dividing the amount of distillate collected by the time taken to collect it.

• Calculate the amount of distillate collected in a given time period.

• Divide the amount of distillate by the time taken to collect it to get the distillation rate.

• Express the distillation rate in units such as liters per hour or gallons per minute.

Gears are mechanical components that transmit power and motion between rotating shafts. Two-stroke and four-stroke engines are types of internal combustion engines.

• Gears are used to change the speed, torque, and direction of power transmission.

• Two-stroke engines have a simpler design and are lighter than four-stroke engines.

• Four-stroke engines are more fuel-efficient and produce less pollution than two-stroke engines.

• Both types of engines use a piston to compress fuel and air...read more

Cipla is a global pharmaceutical company headquartered in India, known for its focus on affordable and accessible healthcare solutions.

• Founded in 1935 by Dr. K.A. Hamied

• Operates in over 80 countries worldwide

• Offers a wide range of pharmaceutical products including respiratory, anti-retroviral, and oncology medications

• Known for its emphasis on research and development

• Committed to providing affordable healthcare solutions to patients globally

HPLC and HPTLC are analytical techniques used to separate and identify components in a mixture.

• HPLC stands for High Performance Liquid Chromatography and uses a liquid mobile phase to separate components based on their interactions with a stationary phase.

• HPTLC stands for High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and uses a thin layer of stationary phase on a plate to separate components based on their interactions with the mobile phase.

• Both techniques are commonly used in c...read more

Vitamins and proteins are essential nutrients for the body's overall health and functioning.

• Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and metabolism. Examples include Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B12.

• Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acids that are crucial for building and repairing tissues. Examples include meat, dairy, and legumes.

A weak acid is an acid that only partially dissociates in water, resulting in a lower concentration of hydrogen ions.

• Weak acids have a pH value greater than 3.5

• They have a lower degree of ionization compared to strong acids

• Examples of weak acids include acetic acid (vinegar), citric acid (lemons), and carbonic acid (soda)

Oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons by a substance.

• It is a process in which a substance combines with oxygen or loses hydrogen.

• It results in an increase in the oxidation state of the substance.

• Examples include rusting of iron, combustion of fuels, and metabolism of food in the body.

• It is the opposite of reduction reaction.

• It is important in various fields such as chemistry, biology, and industry.

Infiltration is the unintended administration of a substance into surrounding tissue instead of the intended location.

• Infiltration can occur during medical procedures such as IV therapy or injections.

• It can cause pain, swelling, and tissue damage.

• Common causes of infiltration include improper needle placement or dislodgement of the needle during the procedure.

• Treatment may include removing the needle, applying warm or cold compresses, and monitoring for complications.

We perform a variety of tests including diagnostic, screening, monitoring, and research tests.

• Diagnostic tests help identify the presence of a disease or condition, such as blood tests or imaging scans.

• Screening tests are used to detect potential health problems before symptoms appear, like mammograms or colonoscopies.

• Monitoring tests track the progress of a disease or treatment, such as blood pressure monitoring or glucose testing.

• Research tests are conducted to gather data ...read more

Synthesis of a chemical reaction involves combining reactants to form products through a series of steps.

• Identify reactants and products

• Determine the stoichiometry of the reaction

• Select appropriate reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, catalyst)

• Follow reaction mechanism to understand the steps involved

• Purify and isolate the final product

A drug is a substance that alters the function of the body when taken in small amounts.

• Drugs can be used for medicinal purposes to treat illnesses or diseases.

• They can also be used recreationally to produce a desired effect or high.

• Some drugs are legal and can be obtained over-the-counter or with a prescription, while others are illegal and can lead to addiction and harmful side effects.

• Examples of drugs include aspirin, antibiotics, caffeine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and...read more

A strong acid is a chemical compound that completely dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions.

• Strong acids have a pH less than 3

• They are highly reactive and corrosive

• Examples include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid

I am a quick learner with strong communication skills. However, I tend to overthink and get anxious at times.

• Strengths: Quick learner, strong communication skills

• Weaknesses: Overthinking, anxiety

• Example of strength: I was able to quickly adapt to a new software system at my previous job and became the go-to person for any questions or issues.

• Example of weakness: During a high-pressure project, I found myself overthinking and second-guessing my decisions, which caused delays i...read more

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of carbon-containing compounds.

• Focuses on the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-based compounds

• Includes the study of hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, esters, and more

• Important in pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, plastics, and other industries

Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of inorganic compounds, which do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.

• Focuses on elements other than carbon

• Studies properties and behavior of inorganic compounds

• Includes metals, minerals, and non-carbon containing compounds

• Examines reactions and synthesis of inorganic substances

Transformer types include step-up, step-down, isolation, autotransformer, and instrument transformer.

• Step-up transformer increases voltage while decreasing current

• Step-down transformer decreases voltage while increasing current

• Isolation transformer separates primary and secondary windings

• Autotransformer has a single winding with multiple taps for voltage adjustment

• Instrument transformer is used for measuring current or voltage in high-power circuits

Kirchhoff's law states that the total current entering a junction is equal to the total current leaving the junction.

• Also known as Kirchhoff's current law or KCL

• Used to analyze circuits and determine unknown currents

• States that the sum of currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction

• Can be applied to both DC and AC circuits

Ammonia reacts with acids to form ammonium salts, with metals to form amides, and with halogens to form salts.

• Ammonia reacts with acids to form ammonium salts (e.g. NH3 + HCl -> NH4Cl)

• Ammonia reacts with metals to form amides (e.g. 2NH3 + 2Na -> 2NaNH2 + H2)

• Ammonia reacts with halogens to form salts (e.g. NH3 + HCl -> NH4Cl)

Chemical names are unique identifiers for specific substances used in chemistry.

• Chemical names can be systematic (following specific rules) or common (based on historical usage)

• Examples of chemical names include: sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid

Acids react with bases to form salts and water.

• Acids react with bases to form salts and water

• Acids can also react with metals to form hydrogen gas and a salt

• Strong acids like hydrochloric acid can react with carbonates to form carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt

A latch machine is a digital circuit that stores data and can be used for memory and data storage applications.

• A latch machine is a type of flip-flop circuit that can store a single bit of data.

• It can be used for memory and data storage applications.

• It is commonly used in digital systems such as computers and microcontrollers.

• Examples of latch machines include D-latch, SR-latch, and JK-latch.

Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.

• Ohm's Law is represented by the formula V = I * R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

• It helps in calculating the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit.

• It was named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm who first formulated it in 1827.

Normality refers to the state of being normal or typical within a certain context.

• Normality can refer to statistical normality, where data follows a normal distribution curve.

• In chemistry, normality is a measure of concentration of a solution.

• Normality can also refer to the state of being mentally or physically healthy.

• In social contexts, normality can refer to conforming to societal norms and expectations.

Motors are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. There are various types of motors.

• DC motors: used in appliances, toys, and automobiles

• AC motors: used in industrial machinery and household appliances

• Stepper motors: used in robotics and automation

• Servo motors: used in precision control applications

• Brushless motors: used in drones and electric vehicles