Interview Questions and Answers

Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, while gram negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane.

• Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Gram negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Water analysis/testing is the process of examining water samples to determine their chemical, physical, and microbiological properties.

• Water analysis involves testing for contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, bacteria, and viruses.

• Common methods used in water analysis include pH testing, turbidity measurement, and microbial enumeration.

• Water testing is crucial for ensuring water quality and safety for consumption and environmental protection.

• Results of water analysis...read more

Confirmatory tests for pathogens include biochemical tests and the IMViC test.

• Biochemical tests are used to identify specific metabolic activities of pathogens.

• IMViC test is a series of four tests (Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate) used to differentiate between Enterobacteriaceae species.

• Results of confirmatory tests help in accurate identification of pathogens for appropriate treatment.

• Examples of biochemical tests include catalase test, oxidase test, and coagula...read more

E. coli is a type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals.

• E. coli can be both harmful and beneficial, depending on the strain.

• Some strains of E. coli can cause food poisoning, while others are used in the production of certain foods like cheese.

• E. coli is often used as an indicator organism in water quality testing.

• Antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli are a growing concern in healthcare settings.

Gram staining is a technique used to differentiate bacteria into two groups based on their cell wall composition.

• Gram staining involves staining bacterial cells with crystal violet dye, iodine solution, alcohol decolorization, and safranin counterstain.

• Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye and appear purple under a microscope.

• Gram-negative bacteria lose the crystal violet dye after alcohol decolorization and appear pink/red under a microscope.

• The differences in...read more

MLT test stands for Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio test, which is a blood test used to assess the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes in the blood.

• MLT test is used to evaluate the immune response and inflammation in the body.

• A high MLT ratio may indicate an increased risk of infection or inflammation.

• A low MLT ratio may suggest a weakened immune system.

• MLT test results are often used in conjunction with other blood tests to provide a comprehensive picture of a patient's health.