20+ CYFER Interview Questions and Answers

The task is to encode and decode 'SECRET_INFORMATION' for security purposes and determine if the transmission was successful.

• Read the number of test cases 'T'

• For each test case, encode the 'SECRET_INFORMATION' and then decode it

• Compare the decoded string with the original 'SECRET_INFORMATION'

• Print 'Transmission successful' if they match, else print 'Transmission failed'

Find the equilibrium index of an array where sum of elements on left equals sum on right.

• Iterate through the array and calculate prefix sum and suffix sum at each index.

• Compare prefix sum and suffix sum to find equilibrium index.

• Return the left-most equilibrium index or -1 if none found.

Field parameters in dynamic reporting allow for customization of data displayed based on user input.

• Field parameters can be used to filter data based on specific criteria chosen by the user.

• They can also be used to group data in a certain way to provide a more organized report.

• Field parameters can be used to change the visualization of data based on user selection.

• For example, in a sales report, a field parameter could be used to filter data by region or product category.

To improve performance optimization in Power BI, focus on data model design, query optimization, and report design.

• Optimize data model by reducing unnecessary columns and relationships

• Use query folding to push data transformation tasks to the data source

• Limit the use of calculated columns and measures to only necessary calculations

• Avoid using complex DAX expressions that can slow down performance

• Use aggregations and summary tables to pre-calculate and store summarized data fo...read more

I shifted my career from Life Science to Data Science to leverage my analytical skills and passion for problem-solving in a new and rapidly growing field.

• I discovered my interest in data analysis while working in Life Science and realized the potential for growth and impact in Data Science.

• I saw the increasing demand for data-driven insights in various industries and wanted to be part of this exciting field.

• I pursued further education and training in Data Science to enhance m...read more

Join is a SQL operation that combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column. Doubly linked list is a data structure that consists of a set of sequentially linked records called nodes.

• Join is used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column

• There are different types of joins such as inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join

• Doubly linked list allows traversal in both directions and each node contains a reference to the previous a...read more

My name has 10 characters.

• Count the number of characters in your name

• Include spaces and special characters if present

• Use a programming language or tool to calculate the length of your name

Object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.

Spring is a framework for building Java applications, while Spring Boot is an extension that simplifies the setup and development process.

• Spring is a comprehensive framework that provides infrastructure support for developing Java applications.

• Spring Boot is an extension of the Spring framework that simplifies the setup and development of Spring applications.

• Spring Boot includes features like auto-configuration, embedded servers, and production-ready metrics.

• Spring Boot allow...read more

A doughnut chart can be created using two measures by assigning one measure to the size and the other to the color.

• Assign one measure to the size of the doughnut chart

• Assign the other measure to the color of the doughnut chart

• Examples: Sales by Region and Profit Margin by Region

• Use a legend to differentiate between the two measures

Primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table, while foreign key establishes a link between two tables.

• Primary key ensures each record in a table is unique

• Foreign key establishes a relationship between two tables

• Primary key can be a single column or a combination of columns

• Foreign key references the primary key of another table

Java is platform independent due to its ability to compile code into bytecode that can run on any platform with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• Java code is compiled into bytecode, which is platform-independent.

• The bytecode is executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which is platform-specific.

• The JVM acts as an interpreter, translating the bytecode into machine code that can run on any platform.

• This allows Java programs to run on any device or operating system with a compati...read more

Fixed LOD is a level of detail expression that calculates a value for a specific dimension combination.

• Fixed LOD is used to calculate a value for a specific dimension combination in Tableau and SQL.

• It is fixed because it does not change with the level of aggregation.

• Example: { FIXED [Category], [Region] : SUM([Sales]) } calculates the sum of sales for each category and region combination.

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.

• AI involves machines performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.

• Examples of AI include virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa, self-driving cars, recommendation systems like Netflix's algorithm, and facial recognition technology.

• AI can be categorized into nar...read more

SQL query to retrieve data from a database and sort it

• Use the SELECT statement to retrieve data

• Use the ORDER BY clause to specify the sorting order

• Specify the column(s) to sort by in the ORDER BY clause

• Use ASC for ascending order and DESC for descending order

• Example: SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name ASC

Python generators are functions that return an iterator and generate values on the fly.

• Generators allow us to generate a sequence of values on the fly, without having to store them in memory.

• They are defined using the 'yield' keyword instead of 'return'.

• Generators can be used to iterate over large datasets, or to generate an infinite sequence of values.

• Example: def my_generator(): yield 1; yield 2; yield 3;

• Example: for i in my_generator(): print(i)

Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Encapsulation helps in hiding the internal state of an object and restricting access to it.

• It allows for better control over the data by preventing outside interference.

• Encapsulation promotes code reusability and modularity.

• Example: In object-oriented programming, a class encapsulates data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on that data.

Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column between them.

• Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

count is a function in Excel that counts the number of cells in a range that contain numbers, while countif is a function that counts the number of cells in a range that meet a specific condition.

• count function counts cells with numbers in a range

• countif function counts cells based on a specific condition

• countif function can be used to count cells with text, dates, or logical values based on a criteria

Global variables in Python are accessible throughout the entire program, while local variables are only accessible within the specific function or block of code.

• Global variables are declared outside of any function or block of code.

• Local variables are declared within a function or block of code and are only accessible within that function or block.

• Global variables can be accessed and modified from anywhere in the program, while local variables are limited to the scope in whic...read more

A decorator is a design pattern in Python that allows you to add new functionality to an existing object without modifying its structure.

• Decorators are defined using the @ symbol followed by the decorator function name.

• They are commonly used to modify or extend the behavior of functions or methods.

• Decorators can be used for tasks such as logging, authentication, caching, etc.

A generator is a function that can pause and resume its execution, allowing it to yield multiple values over time.

• Generators are defined using the function* syntax in JavaScript.

• They use the yield keyword to return a value and pause the function's execution.

• Generators are useful for iterating over large datasets or performing asynchronous operations.

• Example: function* myGenerator() { yield 1; yield 2; yield 3; }

AWS Lambda is a serverless computing service provided by Amazon Web Services.

• Serverless computing platform

• Automatically scales based on demand

• Pay only for the compute time consumed

• Supports multiple programming languages

• Event-driven architecture

• Examples: Running code in response to HTTP requests, processing files in S3 buckets

I have handled various types of data including structured, unstructured, numerical, categorical, time series, and geospatial data.

• Structured data from databases

• Unstructured data from text documents

• Numerical data for statistical analysis

• Categorical data for classification

• Time series data for forecasting

• Geospatial data for mapping

Join is a SQL operation used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

• INNER JOIN returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.

• LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• RIGHT JOIN returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.

• FULL JOIN returns rows when there is a match in o...read more

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPS focuses on creating objects that contain data and methods to manipulate that data.

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key concepts in OOPS.

• Encapsulation refers to bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be t...read more