20+ Avalon Technologies Interview Questions and Answers

Overfitting and underfitting are common problems in machine learning where the model either learns the noise in the training data or fails to capture the underlying patterns.

• Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too well, including the noise and outliers, leading to poor generalization on new data.

• Underfitting happens when a model is too simple to capture the underlying patterns in the data, resulting in high bias and low variance.

• Solutions to overfitting i...read more

Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application or system to ensure it meets specified requirements.

• Software testing is a crucial part of the software development life cycle.

• It involves executing test cases to identify defects or errors in the software.

• Testing helps in improving the quality, reliability, and performance of the software.

• Different types of testing include functional testing, performance testing, security testing, etc.

• Examples of software te...read more

STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle. It consists of several phases that ensure the quality of software.

• STLC is a systematic approach to testing software

• The phases of STLC include requirements analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure

• Each phase has specific activities and deliverables

• For example, in the requirements analysis phase, testers analyze the requirements and create test scenarios

Implement a stack that can identify the minimum element at all times.

• Use two stacks - one to store the actual elements and another to store the minimum values.

• When pushing an element, check if it is smaller than the current minimum and push it to the minimum stack.

• When popping an element, check if it is the current minimum and pop from the minimum stack as well.

• The minimum value can be retrieved in constant time from the minimum stack.

Regression testing is testing the entire system after making changes, while retesting is testing specific areas that were previously found to have defects.

• Regression testing is performed to ensure that changes or fixes in the software do not introduce new defects or issues.

• Retesting is performed to verify that the defects or issues identified in previous testing have been fixed.

• Regression testing involves running a comprehensive set of test cases to cover all functionalities ...read more

Integration testing is a type of software testing that verifies the interaction between different components or modules of a system.

• Integration testing ensures that the individual components of a system work together as expected.

• It focuses on testing the interfaces and interactions between components.

• It helps identify defects that may arise due to integration issues.

• Integration testing can be performed using top-down, bottom-up, or sandwich approach.

• Example: Testing the integ...read more

Sanity testing is a subset of regression testing that quickly checks if the critical functionalities of an application are working after minor changes.

• Sanity testing is a high-level testing technique

• It focuses on verifying the stability of the system after minor changes

• It ensures that the critical functionalities are still intact

• It is performed to avoid wasting time on testing if the basic functionality is broken

• It is a subset of regression testing

• It is usually performed manu...read more

Collection is a data structure that stores a group of elements.

• Examples of collections are arrays, lists, sets, and maps.

• A procedure is a named block of code that can be called multiple times.

• A function is a named block of code that returns a value.

• A trigger is a special type of stored procedure that is automatically executed in response to certain events.

• A package is a collection of related procedures, functions, and other program objects.

Interface and abstract class are both used for abstraction in object-oriented programming, but they have some key differences.

• An interface is a contract that defines a set of methods that a class must implement, while an abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and can contain both abstract and non-abstract methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces, but it can only inherit from a single abstract class.

• Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance-li...read more

An index is a database object that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a table.

• Indexes are used to quickly locate data without having to search every row in a table.

• Types of indexes include B-tree indexes, bitmap indexes, and function-based indexes.

• Examples of indexes are primary keys, unique constraints, and indexes created explicitly on columns.

Implementing push/pull on a message queue involves adding messages to the queue and retrieving messages from the queue.

• Push: Add messages to the queue

• Pull: Retrieve messages from the queue

• Use a producer-consumer model for push/pull operations

• Implement a mechanism for handling message acknowledgment and retransmission if needed

Union combines and removes duplicates, Union All combines without removing duplicates.

• Union combines result sets and removes duplicates

• Union All combines result sets without removing duplicates

• Union is slower than Union All as it involves removing duplicates

• Example: SELECT column1 FROM table1 UNION SELECT column1 FROM table2;

• Example: SELECT column1 FROM table1 UNION ALL SELECT column1 FROM table2;

The current affairs of the business analyst domain include the impact of COVID-19 on businesses, the rise of data analytics, and the increasing importance of agile methodologies.

• COVID-19 has forced businesses to adapt to remote work and digital transformation

• Data analytics is becoming more important for decision-making and identifying trends

• Agile methodologies are being adopted to increase efficiency and flexibility in project management

Take two numbers as input and display their sum

• Create a function that takes two numbers as input

• Add the two numbers together to get the sum

• Return the sum as output

A materialized view is a database object that contains the results of a query and is stored on disk for faster access.

• Materialized views store the results of a query like a table, allowing for faster access to data.

• They are updated periodically to reflect changes in the underlying data.

• Materialized views are commonly used in data warehousing and reporting applications.

• Example: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_sales AS SELECT product_id, SUM(amount) FROM sales GROUP BY product_id;

Collections are objects that group multiple elements into a single unit. OOPs is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• Collections are used to store and manipulate groups of related objects.

• OOPs is a programming paradigm that focuses on the use of objects to represent real-world entities.

• In OOPs, objects have properties and methods that define their behavior.

• Examples of collections in Java include ArrayList, HashSet, and HashMap.

• Examples of OOPs concepts incl...read more

A trigger is a PL/SQL block that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table or view.

• Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, audit changes, or replicate data.

• They can be classified as row-level triggers (executed for each row affected) or statement-level triggers (executed once for the entire statement).

• Examples of trigger events include INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE operations on a table.

Implementing DSA in real life involves solving complex problems efficiently using algorithms and data structures.

• Implementing a sorting algorithm to organize patient records in a hospital database.

• Using a graph algorithm to find the shortest path for a delivery service.

• Applying a dynamic programming approach to optimize resource allocation in a manufacturing plant.

I have over 10 years of experience in preparing financial statements for various organizations.

• Led a team in the preparation of annual financial statements in compliance with GAAP

• Reviewed and analyzed financial data to ensure accuracy and completeness

• Implemented new accounting standards and procedures to improve reporting efficiency

• Collaborated with auditors during the audit process to address any findings or discrepancies

Struts is a framework for developing Java web applications based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern.

• Struts helps in separating the presentation layer from the business logic.

• It provides a set of custom tags for creating dynamic web pages.

• Struts framework includes components like Action, ActionForm, ActionMapping, ActionForward, etc.

• It simplifies the development of web applications by providing a ready-to-use framework.

• Example: Struts 1.x and Struts 2.x are popu...read more