AVASOFT ml engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Normal online code / frontend test

Q1. How would you build book my show
Ans. 
Designing and building a platform similar to BookMyShow involves creating a user-friendly interface for booking tickets for various events.
• Develop a user-friendly website and mobile app for users to browse and book tickets for movies, concerts, plays, etc.

• Implement a secure payment gateway for users to make online transactions.

• Integrate a database to store information about events, venues, tickets, and user bookings.

• In...read more
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Q1. Solid principals, awareness of patterns
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Q1. How would you build tinyurl like service, systems designs
Ans. 
To build a tinyurl-like service, design a system with a URL shortening algorithm, a database to store mappings, and a redirect service.
• Use a hashing algorithm to generate short URLs from long URLs (e.g. MD5, SHA-256).

• Store the mappings of short URLs to long URLs in a database (e.g. MySQL, Redis).

• Implement a redirect service that takes a short URL, looks up the corresponding long URL in the database, and redirects the u...read more
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Q1. Non-technical questions
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Q1. Find longest palindromic substring in a given string.
Ans. 
Use dynamic programming to find the longest palindromic substring in a given string.
• Iterate through the string and expand around each character to find palindromes.

• Store the length of the longest palindrome found so far.

• Return the substring based on the start and end indices of the longest palindrome.
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Q2. How to serialize and deserialise a tree
Ans. 
To serialize and deserialize a tree, use a recursive approach to traverse the tree and store the data in a suitable format.
• Use pre-order traversal to serialize the tree by storing the node values in a list or string.

• For deserialization, reconstruct the tree by recursively building nodes from the serialized data.

• Consider using JSON or XML format for serialization to easily store and retrieve tree structure.
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Q3. Find if a given regex (containing ., * and lower case english chars) matches a given string.
Ans. 
Use regex library to match given regex with string.
• Use a regex library like re in Python to match the given regex with the string.

• Check if the regex matches the string using the library functions.

• Handle cases where the regex contains special characters like . and * appropriately.
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Q4. Explain about throttling and implement throttle function.
Ans. 
Throttling is a technique used to control the rate of requests sent to a server.
• Throttling helps prevent server overload by limiting the number of requests processed at a time.

• Implementing a throttle function involves setting a maximum request rate and delaying excess requests.

• Example: Implementing a throttle function in a web application to limit the number of API calls made to a third-party service.

• Example: Throttlin...read more
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Q1. Find squares of elements in a sorted array and return the sorted response.
Ans. 
Sort the squares of elements in a sorted array and return the sorted response.
• Iterate through the array and square each element.

• Store the squared values in a new array.

• Sort the new array and return it.
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Q2. Write a short promise example and implement your own promise
Ans. 
A promise is a commitment to do something in the future, typically used for asynchronous operations in JavaScript.
• Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• They represent a value that may be available now, in the future, or never.

• Promises have three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.

• Example: new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => resolve('Done!'), 1000); });
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Q3. Explain event loop, what are different types of queues in event loop
Ans. 
Event loop is a mechanism that allows for asynchronous execution of code by managing the order of events in a single thread.
• Event loop continuously checks the call stack for any functions that need to be executed, and processes them in a non-blocking manner.

• Different types of queues in event loop include microtask queue (Promise callbacks), macrotask queue (setTimeout, setInterval callbacks), and animation frame queue
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Q4. What is virtual DOM and why its faster
Ans. 
Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM, used to improve performance by minimizing direct manipulation of the real DOM.
• Virtual DOM is a concept used in frameworks like React to optimize rendering performance.

• Changes are first made to the virtual DOM, which is then compared to the real DOM to identify the minimal updates needed.

• This approach reduces the number of actual DOM manipulations, resulting in faster...read more
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Q1. Explain OOPS concept and how you apply it in your implementation
Ans. 
OOPS is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.
• OOPS focuses on the concept of classes and objects

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit

• Inheritance: allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: ability to present the same interface for diffe...read more
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Q2. Difference between Comparable and Comparator. Difference between Abstract Class and Interface
Ans. 
Comparable is an interface used for natural ordering, Comparator is an interface used for custom ordering. Abstract class can have method implementations, Interface cannot.
• Comparable interface is used to define the natural ordering of objects. Example: String class implements Comparable interface for natural ordering based on alphabetical order.

• Comparator interface is used to define custom ordering of objects. Example:...read more
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Q3. Given a string. Find the number of occurrences of each character
Ans. 
Count occurrences of each character in a given string
• Create an array to store the count of each character

• Iterate through the string and increment the count of each character in the array

• Return the array with counts for each character
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Q4. Given an array. Remove the number of duplicates
Ans. 
Remove duplicates from an array of strings
• Iterate through the array and store each element in a set to keep track of unique values

• Create a new array with the unique values from the set
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Q5. Given a student object having name and grade data variables. Sort the object on the basis of highest grade.
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Q1. Why do we use SOLID principle, SRP and OCP violation?
Ans. 
SOLID principles help in creating maintainable, scalable, and flexible software.
• SOLID principles help in creating software that is easier to maintain and extend.

• Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) ensures that a class has only one reason to change, leading to more modular and cohesive code.

• Open/Closed Principle (OCP) states that a class should be open for extension but closed for modification, allowing for easy chang...read more
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Q2. What is singleton design pattern and how to implement it?
Ans. 
Singleton design pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
• Create a private static instance of the class within the class itself.

• Provide a public static method to access the instance.

• Ensure the constructor of the class is private to prevent instantiation from outside the class.

• Example: Singleton pattern is commonly used in database connections to ensure only one connectio
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Q3. OOPs based question: abstract vs interface, multiple inheritance, method overloading vs method overriding.
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Q4. Dependency injection- what is it and any use case where to use?
Ans. 
Dependency injection is a design pattern where components are provided with their dependencies rather than creating them internally.
• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between components.

• It makes components easier to test by allowing for easier mocking of dependencies.

• Use cases include injecting database connections, logging services, and external API clients into components.
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Q1. Multithreading and TPL related questions?
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Q2. How can we debug the any published dll?
Ans. 
Debugging a published dll involves using tools like Visual Studio debugger and logging mechanisms.
• Use Visual Studio debugger to attach to the process using the published dll

• Set breakpoints in the code to pause execution and inspect variables

• Use logging mechanisms to track the flow of execution and identify issues

• Check for any exceptions or errors thrown by the dll
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Q3. Data seeding in entity framework and how to map tables with entity?
Ans. 
Data seeding in Entity Framework involves pre-populating database tables with initial data. Mapping tables with entities involves defining relationships between database tables and entity classes.
• Data seeding in Entity Framework can be done using the 'Seed' method in the 'Configuration' class of the DbContext.

• To map tables with entities, use data annotations or Fluent API to define relationships between entities and da...read more
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Q4. Deployment related question in IIS.
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Q1. Salary negotiation related discussion
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Q1. Basic java fundamentals
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Q2. Spring boot,sql
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Q1. Some technical questions from manager
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Q2. Some challenges or scenario based questions
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Q1. Salary discussion mostly
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Q2. Benifts that they offer with TR
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Q1. What is the inheritance?
Ans. 
Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.
• Allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class

• Promotes code reusability and reduces redundancy

• Creates a parent-child relationship between classes

• Derived class can override or extend the functionality of the base class
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Q2. What are the types of joins in mysql
Ans. 
Types of joins in MySQL include inner join, left join, right join, and full join.
• Inner join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables.

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.

• Full join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.
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Q1. How to handle multiple api's
Ans. 
Use a centralized API gateway to manage and route requests to multiple APIs efficiently.
• Implement a centralized API gateway to handle incoming requests and route them to the appropriate API based on the endpoint.

• Utilize API management tools like Apigee, Kong, or AWS API Gateway to manage and monitor multiple APIs.

• Consider implementing a caching layer to improve performance and reduce the number of requests to external
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Q2. What does strstr function do?
Ans. 
strstr function searches for a substring within a string and returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the substring.
• Used in C programming language

• Syntax: char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle)

• Example: char *str = strstr("hello world", "world")
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3 questions were there

Q1. Basic questions
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Q2. Os, dbms, core concept of cs
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Q1. Core concept of cs
Ans. 
Core concept of computer science is the study of algorithms and data structures.
• Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving problems.

• Data structures are ways to organize and store data efficiently.

• Examples include sorting algorithms like bubble sort and data structures like arrays and linked lists.
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Karat Interview for next filtering the candidate

Q1. Design Snake Game (Nokia based)
Ans. 
Design a classic Snake game based on Nokia phones.
• Use a 2D array to represent the game board.

• Implement logic for snake movement and growth.

• Include collision detection with walls and itself.

• Add food items for the snake to eat and grow.

• Display the game on a grid-based interface.
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Q2. Ballot based voter
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