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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python is a programming paradigm based on objects and classes to structure code effectively.
Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within one unit (class). Example: class Dog with attributes and methods.
Inheritance: Mechanism to create a new class using properties of an existing class. Example: class Bulldog inherits from class Dog.
Polymorphism: Abili...
Machine learning algorithms enable computers to learn from data and make predictions or decisions without explicit programming.
Supervised Learning: Algorithms learn from labeled data. Example: Linear Regression for predicting house prices.
Unsupervised Learning: Algorithms identify patterns in unlabeled data. Example: K-Means Clustering for customer segmentation.
Reinforcement Learning: Algorithms learn by interacti...
Initializer lists in C++ allow for efficient member initialization and can improve code clarity and performance.
Used to initialize member variables in constructors: `MyClass(int a) : x(a), y(0) {}`.
Enables direct initialization of const and reference members: `const int value; MyClass() : value(42) {}`.
Facilitates initialization of base class members: `Derived() : Base(10) {}`.
Allows for initialization of STL cont...
HIL setup stands for Hardware-in-the-Loop setup, which is a testing method that uses real components to simulate real-world conditions.
HIL setup involves connecting a real-time simulation model to physical hardware components.
It allows for testing of complex systems in a controlled environment.
HIL setup is commonly used in automotive, aerospace, and industrial applications.
Example: Using HIL setup to test a car's ...
Virtual inheritance allows a derived class to inherit from a base class without creating duplicate base class subobjects.
Virtual inheritance is used to resolve the Diamond Problem in C++ where a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class.
It ensures that only one copy of the base class is inherited by the derived class.
Virtual inheritance introduces a virtual base class subobject to the derived c...
We are using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for software testing.
IDE helps in writing, debugging, and testing code in one place
Popular IDEs include IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, and Visual Studio
IDEs provide features like code completion, syntax highlighting, and debugging tools
Data types are classifications that specify the type of data that a variable can hold in programming languages.
Data types define the type of data that can be stored in a variable, such as integers, strings, or booleans.
Examples of data types include int (for integers), float (for floating-point numbers), and string (for text).
Data types help ensure data integrity and provide constraints on the operations that can ...
Pass, break, and continue are control flow statements in Python that manage loop execution differently.
Pass: A null operation; it does nothing when executed. Example: 'if condition: pass' means do nothing if the condition is true.
Break: Exits the nearest enclosing loop immediately. Example: 'for i in range(5): if i == 3: break' stops the loop when i is 3.
Continue: Skips the current iteration and moves to the next ...
Singleton design pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
Ensures a class has only one instance
Provides a global point of access to that instance
Commonly used in scenarios where only one instance of a class is needed, such as database connections or logging
Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.
Start with 0 and 1 as the first two numbers in the series
Add the previous two numbers to get the next number in the series
Repeat this process to generate the Fibonacci series
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed before Sep 2022. There were 2 interview rounds.
Copy constructor is a special type of constructor which creates a new object as a copy of an existing object.
Copy constructor is used to initialize a new object as a copy of an existing object.
It takes an object of the same class as a parameter.
It is called automatically when a new object is created from an existing object.
Example: class MyClass { public: MyClass(const MyClass& obj) { // copy constructor logic } };
Copy constructor is used to create a new object as a copy of an existing object, while assignment operator is used to assign values from one object to another.
Copy constructor is called when a new object is created from an existing object, while assignment operator is called when an existing object is assigned values from another object.
Copy constructor creates a new object with its own memory space, while assignment o...
A static function is a function that is associated with a class rather than an instance of the class.
Static functions can be called without creating an instance of the class.
Static functions are commonly used for utility functions that do not require access to instance-specific data.
Static functions are declared using the 'static' keyword in many programming languages.
Example: 'Math.max()' in JavaScript is a static fun...
Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.
Start with 0 and 1 as the first two numbers in the series
Add the previous two numbers to get the next number in the series
Repeat this process to generate the Fibonacci series
Singleton design pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
Ensures a class has only one instance
Provides a global point of access to that instance
Commonly used in scenarios where only one instance of a class is needed, such as database connections or logging
I applied via Job Portal and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
Sheetmetal operation involves cutting, bending, and forming sheet metal to create various components.
Cutting: Using tools like shears, lasers, or plasma cutters to cut sheet metal into desired shapes.
Bending: Using press brakes to bend sheet metal at specific angles.
Forming: Using techniques like deep drawing or roll forming to shape sheet metal into complex geometries.
I appeared for an interview in Sep 2024.
Initializer lists in C++ allow for efficient member initialization and can improve code clarity and performance.
Used to initialize member variables in constructors: `MyClass(int a) : x(a), y(0) {}`.
Enables direct initialization of const and reference members: `const int value; MyClass() : value(42) {}`.
Facilitates initialization of base class members: `Derived() : Base(10) {}`.
Allows for initialization of STL container...
Types of polymorphism include compile-time polymorphism (method overloading) and runtime polymorphism (method overriding).
Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through method overloading, where multiple methods have the same name but different parameters.
Runtime polymorphism is achieved through method overriding, where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) symbols are used to define the geometry of parts and assemblies in engineering drawings.
GD&T symbols include position, concentricity, symmetry, perpendicularity, parallelism, flatness, circularity, cylindricity, profile of a line, profile of a surface, etc.
Each symbol has a specific meaning and is used to communicate the required tolerances for manufacturing and inspection ...
Solid design involves creating 3D models with volume, while sheetmetal design focuses on creating 2D models that can be bent or formed into 3D shapes.
Solid design is used for creating objects with volume and complex shapes.
Sheetmetal design is used for creating objects that can be easily bent or formed, typically used in manufacturing processes like metal fabrication.
Solid design often involves features like fillets, c...
I appeared for an interview in Aug 2024.
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Basic questions in online test
One min about one topic
Header files in C programming are used to declare functions, variables, and macros that can be used in multiple source files.
Header files typically have a .h extension and contain function prototypes, type definitions, and global variables.
They are included in source files using the #include directive.
Example: #include
Pass, break, and continue are control flow statements in Python that manage loop execution differently.
Pass: A null operation; it does nothing when executed. Example: 'if condition: pass' means do nothing if the condition is true.
Break: Exits the nearest enclosing loop immediately. Example: 'for i in range(5): if i == 3: break' stops the loop when i is 3.
Continue: Skips the current iteration and moves to the next one i...
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed before Dec 2023. There were 2 interview rounds.
Virtual inheritance allows a derived class to inherit from a base class without creating duplicate base class subobjects.
Virtual inheritance is used to resolve the Diamond Problem in C++ where a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class.
It ensures that only one copy of the base class is inherited by the derived class.
Virtual inheritance introduces a virtual base class subobject to the derived class,...
vtptr and vtable are key components of C++'s dynamic polymorphism, enabling method resolution at runtime.
vtable (virtual table) is a static table created for each class with virtual functions, containing pointers to the virtual functions.
vtptr (virtual table pointer) is a pointer in each object of a class that points to the vtable of its class.
When an object is created, its vtptr is initialized to point to the vtable o...
A class for string operations can include methods for concatenation, substring extraction, length calculation, etc.
Create a class with methods like concatenateStrings, extractSubstring, calculateLength, etc.
Use string manipulation functions like substring, concat, length, etc. within the class methods.
Ensure error handling for edge cases like empty strings or out-of-bounds indices.
Example: class StringOperations { conc...
I appeared for an interview in Jul 2024.
HIL setup stands for Hardware-in-the-Loop setup, which is a testing method that uses real components to simulate real-world conditions.
HIL setup involves connecting a real-time simulation model to physical hardware components.
It allows for testing of complex systems in a controlled environment.
HIL setup is commonly used in automotive, aerospace, and industrial applications.
Example: Using HIL setup to test a car's elect...
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The duration of Automotive Robotics (India) interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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