30+ Interview Questions and Answers

Interview questions for Software Engineer position

• Project explanation should include details on the project's purpose, scope, and technologies used

• SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) and STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) are methodologies used in software development and testing respectively

• Smoke testing is a type of testing that checks if the basic functionalities of the software are working fine, while Sanity testing checks if the major functionalities are working fine

• R...read more

It depends on the specific requirements and constraints of the project.

• Consider the project's goals and objectives

• Evaluate the available technologies and their capabilities

• Assess the project's budget and timeline

• Consult with stakeholders and experts in the field

• Examples: React vs Angular, MySQL vs MongoDB, Java vs Python

Method overloading and overriding are used in object-oriented programming to create multiple methods with the same name but different parameters or implementations. For and while loops are used for iteration in programming.

• Method overloading involves creating multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Example: void print(int num) and void print(String str)

• Method overriding involves creating a method in a subclass that has the same name, re...read more

We are using a variety of technologies, including some of the latest ones.

• We are using React for our front-end development.

• We are also using Node.js for our back-end development.

• We are using Docker for containerization.

• We are using Kubernetes for orchestration.

• We are using AWS for cloud hosting.

• We are constantly evaluating new technologies to see if they can improve our development process.

Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming.

• It helps in achieving data abstraction and information hiding.

• It allows for better control over the data and prevents unauthorized access.

• Example: A class in Java can have private variables and public methods to access them.

• Example: A capsule is a good analogy for encapsulation as it hides the medicine insi...read more

String buffer is synchronized and thread-safe, while string builder is not synchronized and faster.

• String buffer is synchronized, making it thread-safe for use in multi-threaded environments.

• String builder is not synchronized, providing better performance in single-threaded applications.

• String builder is faster than string buffer due to lack of synchronization overhead.

• Example: StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

There are two types of exceptions in Java: checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions.

• Checked exceptions are checked at compile time and must be handled using try-catch or throws keyword.

• Unchecked exceptions are not checked at compile time and include RuntimeException and its subclasses.

• Examples of checked exceptions include IOException, SQLException, and ClassNotFoundException.

• Examples of unchecked exceptions include NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, and...read more

Troubleshooting network involves identifying and resolving issues related to network connectivity and performance.

• Start by identifying the symptoms of the problem

• Check network cables and connections

• Verify network settings and configurations

• Use network diagnostic tools to identify and isolate the problem

• Resolve the issue by applying appropriate fixes

• Test the network to ensure the problem is resolved

Java is a high-level programming language, while C++ is a general-purpose programming language.

• Java is platform-independent, while C++ is platform-dependent.

• Java uses automatic memory management (garbage collection), while C++ requires manual memory management.

• Java has a simpler syntax and is easier to learn, while C++ has a more complex syntax.

• Java is mainly used for developing web and enterprise applications, while C++ is commonly used for system-level programming and game ...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as the same type.

• Polymorphism is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming.

• It allows a single interface to be used for different types of objects.

• Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Example: A shape class with different subclasses like circle, square, and triangle.

• All these subclasses can be treated as shapes and...read more

Manual testing allows for human intuition and creativity but can be time-consuming and prone to human error.

• Advantages of manual testing include human intuition and creativity in identifying issues, flexibility to adapt test cases on the fly, and cost-effectiveness for small projects.

• Disadvantages of manual testing include time-consuming nature, potential for human error, difficulty in reproducing test cases, and lack of scalability for large projects.

• Example: Manual testing ...read more

The 4 principles of OOP are Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation restricts access to certain components within a class, protecting the data.

• Abstraction hides complex implementation details and only shows the necessary features.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

A tuple is an immutable sequence of elements in Python.

• Tuples are defined using parentheses ()

• Tuples can contain elements of different data types

• Elements in a tuple can be accessed using indexing

• Tuples are immutable, meaning their elements cannot be modified once created

Manual software testing is the process of manually testing software for defects without the use of automation tools.

• Manual testing involves testers executing test cases by hand to identify bugs and issues.

• It is time-consuming and requires human intervention for each test step.

• Manual testing is often used for exploratory testing, usability testing, and ad-hoc testing.

• Examples of manual testing include regression testing, smoke testing, and user acceptance testing.

Different tests in software testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.

• Unit testing focuses on testing individual components or modules of the software.

• Integration testing checks if different modules work together correctly.

• System testing validates the entire system against the requirements.

• Acceptance testing ensures that the software meets the user's expectations.

• Other types of tests include regression testing, performance testi...read more

Strings are immutable in order to ensure data integrity and security.

• Immutable strings prevent accidental data modification, ensuring data integrity.

• Immutable strings enhance security by preventing unauthorized access or tampering.

• Immutable strings allow for more efficient memory management and optimization.

• Example: 'Hello' cannot be changed to 'Hella' directly, a new string must be created.

JDK includes JRE and development tools, while JRE includes only the Java Runtime Environment.

• JDK stands for Java Development Kit, which includes JRE and development tools like compilers and debuggers.

• JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment, which includes JVM and libraries necessary to run Java applications.

• JVM stands for Java Virtual Machine, which is responsible for executing Java bytecode.

• JDK is used for developing Java applications, while JRE is used for running Java appl...read more

Sanity testing is a quick test to check if the software is stable, smoke testing is a subset of sanity testing focusing on critical functionalities, and regression testing is retesting after code changes.

• Sanity testing is a narrow and deep testing to ensure that the most critical functionalities work correctly after changes.

• Smoke testing is a broad and shallow testing to ensure that the basic functionalities work before further testing.

• Regression testing is retesting the soft...read more

Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks or functions.

• Software is a collection of programs, data, and instructions that enable a computer to perform tasks.

• It can be categorized into system software (e.g. operating systems) and application software (e.g. word processors).

• Examples of software include Microsoft Windows, Adobe Photoshop, and Google Chrome.

Test cases are scenarios designed to validate the functionality of a software application.

• Testing login functionality with valid credentials

• Testing login functionality with invalid credentials

• Testing password reset functionality

• Testing search functionality with different input values

Linear search is a simple searching algorithm that sequentially checks each element in a list until a match is found.

• Iterate through each element in the list

• Compare the current element with the target value

• Return the index if a match is found, otherwise return -1

Operator overloading allows operators to be redefined for user-defined types in Java.

• Operator overloading is not supported in Java as it can lead to ambiguity and confusion.

• Java does not allow custom operators to be defined or existing operators to be overloaded.

• Instead of operator overloading, Java provides method overloading where methods with the same name but different parameters can be defined.

Different types of https methods in api testing include GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, OPTIONS, HEAD.

• GET - Used to retrieve data from the server

• POST - Used to submit data to the server

• PUT - Used to update existing data on the server

• DELETE - Used to delete data on the server

• PATCH - Used to partially update data on the server

• OPTIONS - Used to check what HTTP methods are supported by the server

• HEAD - Used to retrieve headers from the server without the body content

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language known for its platform independence and robust features.

• Java is platform-independent, meaning it can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• It is object-oriented, allowing for modular and reusable code

• Java is known for its robust standard library, which includes tools for networking, I/O, and more

• It supports multithreading, allowing for concurrent execution of code

• Java is statically typed, providing type s...read more

Object Oriented Programming Concepts involve encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class). Example: class Car with properties like make, model, and methods like start(), stop().

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class. Example: class SUV extends Car, inheriting properties and methods from the Car class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on...read more

Defect life cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, fixing, retesting, and closing defects in a software application.

• Defect identification: Defects are identified by testers during testing.

• Defect reporting: Testers report defects in a defect tracking tool.

• Defect fixing: Developers fix the reported defects.

• Defect retesting: Testers retest the fixed defects to ensure they are resolved.

• Defect closing: Once the defects are verified as fixed, they are closed.

&& is a logical AND operator in JavaScript, while &&& is not a valid operator.

• && is used to combine two logical expressions and returns true only if both expressions are true

• &&& is not a valid operator in JavaScript and will result in a syntax error

Java is a programming language that supports object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts.

• Java is a high-level programming language known for its platform independence.

• OOP concepts in Java include classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

• Classes are blueprints for objects, which are instances of classes.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent cl...read more

The process of loans involves application, approval, disbursement, and repayment.

• Application: Borrower submits loan application with required documents.

• Approval: Lender reviews application, checks creditworthiness, and decides whether to approve or deny.

• Disbursement: If approved, funds are disbursed to borrower.

• Repayment: Borrower makes scheduled payments to repay the loan amount.

• Examples: Personal loans, home loans, car loans.

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, a process used to design, develop, and test software.

• SDLC involves phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Example: In the planning phase, project requirements are gathered and feasibility is assessed.

• Example: In the testing phase, software is tested for bugs and errors.

• Each phase has specific deliverables and goals to be achieved before moving to the next phase.

Linux commands are used to interact with the operating system and perform various tasks.

• ls - list directory contents

• cd - change directory

• pwd - print working directory

• mkdir - make a new directory

• rm - remove files or directories

• cp - copy files or directories

• mv - move files or directories

• grep - search for patterns in files

• chmod - change file permissions

• sudo - execute a command as the superuser