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I appeared for an interview before Sep 2020.
Round duration - 70 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
The first round was the Online Coding Round of 70 minutes with 3 problems of 3 marks, 3 marks, and 4 marks respectively.
The first two questions were easy and the third one was a bit tricky. The round started at 6 PM.
Anyone who is practicing continuously could have solved these questions easily within the time limit. The test cases were also not so hard and distinct. I coded in C++ language.
The questions asked were-
1. Minimum insertions required to make a string palindrome
2. To find the distance of the closest leaf from a node with given data.
3. Add two numbers represented by linked lists
22 students were selected for the next round.
Determine the minimal number of characters needed to insert into a given string STR
to transform it into a palindrome.
STR = "abcaa"
The task is to find the minimum number of characters needed to insert into a given string to make it a palindrome.
Use dynamic programming to find the longest palindromic subsequence of the given string.
Subtract the length of the longest palindromic subsequence from the length of the original string to get the minimum insertions required.
Handle edge cases like an empty string or a string that is already a palindrome.
Exa...
Ninja is stuck in a maze represented as a binary tree, and he is at a specific node ‘X’. Help Ninja find the shortest path to the nearest leaf node, which is considered an ex...
Find the minimum distance from a given node to the nearest leaf node in a binary tree.
Traverse the binary tree from the given node 'X' to find the nearest leaf node using BFS or DFS.
Keep track of the distance from 'X' to each leaf node encountered during traversal.
Return the minimum distance found as the output.
Given two singly linked lists, with each list representing a positive number without leading zeros, your task is to add these two numbers and return the result in the form of a new...
Add two numbers represented by linked lists and return the result as a new linked list.
Traverse both linked lists simultaneously while adding corresponding elements and carry over the sum if needed
Handle cases where one linked list is longer than the other
Create a new linked list to store the sum of the two numbers
Round duration - 80 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
It was a technical interview. The platform used was google meet for online video calling. The interviewer first introduced himself then asked me to introduce myself. He also asked about my well-being amid the Covid-19 pandemic. He asked me 3 problems from data structures. He put a lot of focus on my project. We discussed about my project for about 20 mins. He asked various questions related to my project and I answered them confidently. After 70-75 mins he said that interview was over and that I may ask him anything. I asked him to give me feedback about my resume and my project. He gave me advice to improve my resume and the interview was over. The first technical interview was easy and was not so challenging as I was prepared.
Given an array of integers ARR
with length 'N' and an integer 'Target', the task is to find all unique pairs of elements that add up to the 'Target'.
First line: Integer...
Find all unique pairs of elements in an array that add up to a given target sum.
Use a hashmap to store the difference between the target sum and each element as keys and their indices as values.
Iterate through the array and check if the current element's complement exists in the hashmap.
Return the pairs of elements that add up to the target sum.
Sort the given array of integers in ascending order using the quick sort algorithm. Quick sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm where a pivot point is chosen to partition the...
Implement quick sort algorithm to sort an array of integers in ascending order.
Choose a pivot element (e.g., rightmost element) to partition the array into two subarrays.
Recursively apply quick sort on the subarrays until the entire array is sorted.
Time complexity can be optimized to NlogN for worst-case scenarios.
Given a sequence of numbers, denoted as ARR
, your task is to return a sorted sequence of ARR
in non-descending order using the Merge Sort algorithm.
The Merge Sort...
Implement Merge Sort algorithm to sort a sequence of numbers in non-descending order.
Implement the Merge Sort algorithm which involves dividing the array into two halves, sorting each half, and then merging them back together.
Recursively call the Merge Sort function on each half of the array until the base case of having a single element in the array is reached.
Merge the sorted halves back together in a new array in no...
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This was also a technical round. The interviewer focused on data structures and resume. Apart from some basic questions about my resume, he asked majorly about data structures and algorithms. The interview was an hour long and he asked only 2 problems. Both of them were from trees. In this round, he focused if I can change my approach if a slight change is made in the question. Like he asked me to write code for inorder traversal. Obviously, I used a recursive approach. He then asked me to use the iterative method to find inorder traversal of the tree.
The questions he asked were-
1. Inorder traversal (both recursive and iterative method)
2. Level Order Traversal
( For obvious reasons I knew level order traversal very well. I coded it swiftly, so he asked me to write code for Zig-Zag traversal)
Find the inorder successor of a given node in a binary tree. The inorder successor is the node that appears immediately after the given node during an inorder traversal....
Find the inorder successor of a given node in a binary tree.
Perform an inorder traversal of the binary tree to find the successor of the given node.
If the given node has a right child, the successor will be the leftmost node in the right subtree.
If the given node does not have a right child, backtrack to the parent nodes to find the successor.
Given a binary tree with integer values in its nodes, your task is to print the zigzag traversal of the tree.
In zigzag order, level 1 is printed from left to right...
Implement a function to print the zigzag traversal of a binary tree.
Use a queue to perform level order traversal of the binary tree.
Maintain a flag to switch between printing nodes from left to right and right to left at each level.
Store nodes at each level in a list and reverse the list if the flag is set to print in zigzag order.
Round duration - 50 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This was the final round of the Interview process. My interview was scheduled for 7.30 PM. It started at approximately 7.40 PM. The main focus of the interviewer was on my projects and my skills. He asked me many questions regarding my project like what problems I faced, what did you learn from this, apart from developing skills what else did you learn while developing the project, why did you use this tech instead of this, security features, scalability of the project and many more. I answered almost every question as perfectly as I can. Later he asked me some basic questions from NodeJS (as I am a full stack developer). In the end, he asked a puzzle. I didn't know the solution to the puzzle but we discussed it and I figured out the solution.
Tip 1 : Properly grasp Data Structures and Algorithms from basics.
Tip 2 : Learn about Time complexity
Tip 3 : Be honest and walk through your thought process to the interviewer.
Tip 4 : Its always good to be presentable and have good communications skills
Tip 1 : Never Lie on your resume. Only write what you have done and what you know.
Tip 2 : It's good to have one or two projects on your resume. Mention the tech stack you used and a brief description of the project. It will be best if you host/upload your project on the cloud.
Tip 3 : Avoid unnecessary details like Hobbies, family details, declaration, date, signature, etc.
Tip 4 : You're more than a 1-page resume. But your resume should not be more than a page
I appeared for an interview before Sep 2020.
Round duration - 90 mins
Round difficulty - Hard
There were questions related to DP and DFS.
You are given a long type array/list ARR
of size N
, representing an elevation map. The value ARR[i]
denotes the elevation of the ith
bar. Your task is to determine th...
Calculate the total amount of rainwater that can be trapped between given elevations in an array.
Iterate through the array and calculate the maximum height on the left and right of each bar.
Calculate the amount of water that can be trapped at each bar by taking the minimum of the maximum heights on the left and right.
Sum up the trapped water at each bar to get the total trapped water for the entire array.
Round duration - 60 mins
Round difficulty - Medium
At first, I was asked about the different projects that I have done so far. We had a detailed discussion on the same.
He also checked my OOP concepts
Designing an LRU Cache involves implementing a data structure that stores a fixed number of items and removes the least recently used item when full.
Start by defining the data structure for the cache, typically using a combination of a hashmap and a doubly linked list.
Implement methods for getting and setting key-value pairs in the cache.
When a new item is added to the cache, check if it exceeds the maximum capacity. I...
Given a Singly Linked List of integers, your task is to reverse the Linked List by altering the links between the nodes.
The first line of input is an intege...
Reverse a singly linked list by altering the links between nodes.
Iterate through the linked list and reverse the links between nodes
Use three pointers to keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes
Update the links between nodes to reverse the list
Return the head of the reversed linked list
You are given the head node of a singly linked list. Your task is to return a pointer pointing to the middle of the linked list.
If there is an odd number of elements, return the ...
Return the middle element of a singly linked list, or the one farther from the head if there are even elements.
Traverse the linked list with two pointers, one moving twice as fast as the other
When the fast pointer reaches the end, the slow pointer will be at the middle
If there are even elements, return the one that is farther from the head node
Handle edge cases like linked list of size 1 or empty list
Round duration - 60 mins
Round difficulty - Medium
It is HR + Technical round
asked about the Behavioural questions and how you justify yourself in an argument .questions related to current technology.
They gave me feedback on how well I had performed so far and gave me suggestions on what more can I do to further improve myself.
Tip 1 : Be thorough about your projects
Tip 2 : Prepare Ds and Algo and Practice all standard questions
Tip 3 : Know the complexities of the code that you’ve written.
Tip 1 : Mention at least 2 projects.
Tip 2 : Don't make any silly spelling mistakes on resume
Race condition is a situation where multiple threads/processes access and manipulate shared data simultaneously.
It can be eliminated by using synchronization techniques like locks, semaphores, and mutexes.
Another way is to use atomic operations that ensure the data is accessed and modified atomically.
Using thread-safe data structures can also prevent race conditions.
Example: Two threads trying to increment a shared var...
JCube is a Java library for creating and manipulating Rubik's Cube puzzles.
JCube provides classes for representing Rubik's Cube puzzles and algorithms for solving them.
It supports various cube sizes and can generate random scrambles.
JCube can be used in Java applications or as a standalone command-line tool.
It is open source and available on GitHub.
Regression testing is the process of testing changes made to a software application to ensure that existing functionality still works.
It is performed after making changes to the software
It ensures that existing functionality is not affected by the changes
It helps to catch any defects or bugs that may have been introduced
It can be automated using testing tools
Examples include retesting after bug fixes, testing after new
Software engineering principles are the best practices and guidelines for developing high-quality software.
Software should be designed with modularity and scalability in mind.
Code should be well-documented and easy to read.
Testing and debugging should be an integral part of the development process.
Version control should be used to manage code changes.
Security and privacy should be considered throughout the development
A Singleton class is a class that can only have one instance at a time.
It restricts the instantiation of a class to a single object.
It provides a global point of access to that instance.
It is often used in situations where a single object is required to coordinate actions across a system.
Example: Database connection manager, Configuration manager, Logger manager.
Testing principles ensure software quality, while design principles guide software development.
Testing principles include unit testing, integration testing, and acceptance testing.
Design principles include SOLID, DRY, and KISS.
Testing principles ensure that software meets requirements and is free of defects.
Design principles guide software development to be modular, maintainable, and scalable.
I have the necessary skills, experience, and passion to contribute to VISA's success.
I have a strong background in software development and have worked on projects similar to those at VISA.
I am a quick learner and can adapt to new technologies and programming languages easily.
I am passionate about creating high-quality software that meets the needs of users and exceeds their expectations.
I am a team player and can work...
A profile that challenges me to learn and grow while allowing me to contribute to a team.
A position that encourages continuous learning and development
A role that allows me to collaborate with a team and contribute to projects
A company culture that aligns with my values and work ethic
I am interested in exploring new opportunities and challenges that this company can offer.
I am impressed with the company's reputation and growth potential.
I am excited about the projects and technologies this company is working on.
I believe this company can provide me with a better work-life balance and career growth opportunities.
I am looking for a company culture that aligns with my values and goals.
I am open to exp...
Developed a web application using Python and Django framework for managing inventory and sales.
Used Python programming language for backend development
Implemented Django framework for building web application
Designed database schema for inventory and sales data
Integrated frontend using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Implemented user authentication and authorization features
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Sep 2016. There were 4 interview rounds.
I am a passionate software developer with experience in Java, Python, and web development.
Experienced in Java, Python, and web development technologies
Strong problem-solving skills
Team player with excellent communication skills
My resume highlights my experience in software development and showcases my skills in various programming languages and technologies.
Worked on multiple projects using Java, Python, and C++
Developed web applications using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Experience with databases such as MySQL and MongoDB
Familiarity with Agile methodology and version control systems like Git
Participated in hackathons and coding competitions
I want to go for VISA to explore new opportunities and gain international experience.
To gain exposure to different cultures and work environments
To expand my skill set and learn new technologies
To work on challenging projects and contribute to the growth of the company
To build a global network of professionals and enhance my career prospects
A binary tree is a data structure in which each node has at most two children.
Start with a root node
Each node has a left and right child
Nodes can be added or removed
Traversal can be done in-order, pre-order, or post-order
Code a basic linked list
Create a Node class with data and next pointer
Create a LinkedList class with head pointer
Implement methods to add, delete, and search nodes in the linked list
A circular linked list is a data structure where the last node points back to the first node, forming a loop.
Create a Node class with data and next pointer
Initialize the head node and set its next pointer to itself
To add a node, create a new node and set its next pointer to the head node's next pointer, then update the head node's next pointer to the new node
To traverse the circular linked list, start from the head nod...
Find the odd repeating element from an array of strings
Use a hash table to count the frequency of each element
Iterate through the hash table to find the element with an odd count
Finding an element in a sorted 2D matrix
Start from the top right corner or bottom left corner
Compare the target element with the current element
Move left or down if the target is smaller, else move right or up
Repeat until the target is found or all elements are checked
SQL query to find Nth highest salary from table
Use ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses
Use subquery to get the Nth highest salary
Handle cases where there are less than N distinct salaries
Function to swap '3' and '4' without using if-else
Use XOR operator to swap the values
Convert the input to ASCII code and perform the swap
Use a lookup table to map the values
I am a software developer with experience in Java and Python.
Proficient in Java and Python programming languages
Experience in developing web applications using Spring framework
Familiarity with database management systems like MySQL and MongoDB
PAYTM is a leading digital payment platform in India with a wide range of services.
PAYTM has a user-friendly interface and offers a seamless payment experience.
It provides a variety of services like mobile recharges, bill payments, and online shopping.
PAYTM has a strong focus on security and fraud prevention measures.
It has a large user base and is widely accepted by merchants across India.
PAYTM is constantly innovatin...
Yes, I am open to pursuing further studies in the future.
I believe in continuous learning and staying updated with the latest technologies.
Further studies can help me specialize in a particular field and enhance my skills.
I may consider pursuing a master's degree in computer science or a related field.
However, my immediate focus is on gaining practical experience and contributing to the organization.
PAYTM grew fast due to its innovative approach and early adoption of digital payments.
Early adoption of digital payments in India
Innovative approach with features like mobile recharges, bill payments, and cashback offers
Expansion into e-commerce and financial services
Strategic partnerships with major companies like Uber and Alibaba
I appeared for an interview in Dec 2017.
To find the maximum water pond formed between buildings.
Identify the lowest point between the buildings.
Calculate the area of the pond using the distance between the buildings and the depth of the pond.
Consider any obstacles or uneven ground that may affect the pond's shape.
Use a surveying tool or satellite imagery to get accurate measurements.
Take into account any drainage systems or natural water flow that may affect
Design a dictionary using trie with insert, update and delete operations.
Implement a Trie data structure with nodes containing a character and a boolean flag to indicate end of word
For insert operation, traverse the trie and add nodes for each character in the word
For update operation, delete the existing word and insert the updated word
For delete operation, mark the end of word flag as false and delete the node if it ...
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