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Heaps allow efficient insertion and deletion of elements, unlike arrays.
Heaps are useful for implementing priority queues.
Insertion and deletion of elements in a heap take O(log n) time, while in an array it takes O(n) time.
Heaps are dynamically resizable, unlike arrays which have a fixed size.
Heaps can be used to efficiently find the kth largest/smallest element in an array.
Examples of heap data structures include bin
Find the 2nd minimum element from an array.
Sort the array and return the second element.
Use a loop to find the minimum and second minimum elements.
Initialize two variables to store the minimum and second minimum elements.
Construct a mirror tree from a given tree and return the root of the mirror tree.
Traverse the given tree in a recursive manner.
Swap the left and right child of each node.
Return the root of the mirror tree.
Level order traversal of a tree is a method to visit all the nodes of a tree level by level.
Use a queue to store the nodes of the tree
Start with the root node and enqueue it
While the queue is not empty, dequeue a node and visit it
Enqueue the left and right child of the visited node if they exist
Repeat until all nodes are visited
Sort a stack using recursion.
Pop the top element from the stack and recursively sort the remaining stack.
Insert the popped element in the correct position in the sorted stack.
Repeat until the entire stack is sorted.
Use a helper function to insert the element in the correct position.
Time complexity: O(n^2), space complexity: O(n) due to recursion.
Example: Input stack - [5, 2, 7, 1], Output stack - [1, 2, 5, 7]
Populate sibling of a tree node with next node in same level with O(1) space complexity.
Traverse the tree level by level using BFS.
For each node, check if it has a sibling to its right.
If yes, populate the sibling pointer of the current node with the right sibling.
If no, move to the next level.
Repeat until all levels are traversed.
When you type amazon.com in a browser, it sends a request to the Amazon servers, which then respond by sending back the website's content to be displayed on your screen.
Browser sends a DNS request to resolve the domain name 'amazon.com' to an IP address
Browser establishes a TCP connection with the Amazon servers
Browser sends an HTTP request to the Amazon servers for the website content
Amazon servers process the request...
The longest continuous patch of a road being repaired by a contractor is determined.
Iterate through the updates and keep track of the start and end points of each patch
Calculate the length of each patch and update the longest patch if necessary
Return the start and end points of the longest patch
The program counts the number of tree structures that can be made using n nodes.
Use dynamic programming to solve the problem efficiently
Break down the problem into subproblems and store their solutions in an array
Iterate through the array to calculate the number of tree structures
The time complexity of the program is O(n^2)
Arrange nuts and bolts so that every nut fits perfectly with the bolt in the same position.
Sort both arrays in the same order using a comparison function
Use a binary search to find the matching bolt for each nut
Repeat until all nuts are matched with bolts
Seeking new challenges and growth opportunities
Desire for career advancement
Limited growth opportunities in current role
Seeking new challenges and learning experiences
What people are saying about Amazon
A tree is a data structure consisting of nodes connected by edges, with a single root node and no cycles.
Nodes represent elements of the tree, and edges represent the relationships between them.
Each node can have zero or more child nodes, and each child node can have its own children.
Trees are commonly used in computer science for organizing and searching data, such as in binary search trees.
Examples of trees include f...
Graphs are non-linear data structures with cycles while trees are hierarchical data structures without cycles.
Graphs can have cycles while trees cannot
Graphs can have multiple root nodes while trees have only one
Graphs can have disconnected components while trees are always connected
Graphs can have directed or undirected edges while trees have only directed edges
Examples of graphs include social networks, road networks...
A graph can be called a tree if it is connected and has no cycles.
A tree is a type of graph with no cycles.
It must be connected, meaning there is a path between any two vertices.
It has n-1 edges, where n is the number of vertices.
Examples include family trees, file directory structures, and decision trees.
Program to determine if a graph is a tree using adjacency matrix
A graph is a tree if it is connected and has no cycles
Check if the graph is connected by performing a depth-first search or breadth-first search
Check if the graph has cycles by performing a depth-first search and tracking visited nodes
Seeking better growth opportunities and a more challenging role.
Limited growth opportunities in my current company
Looking for a more challenging role to enhance my skills
Seeking a company with a better work culture and values
Exploring options that align better with my long-term career goals
A thread is a unit of execution within a process that can run independently and concurrently with other threads.
Threads allow for concurrent execution of tasks within a program.
Threads share the same memory space and resources of the process they belong to.
Threads can communicate and synchronize with each other through shared data structures like locks and semaphores.
Threads can improve performance by utilizing multipl...
Memory leakage is a situation where a program fails to release memory it no longer needs.
Memory leakage can cause a program to slow down or crash due to insufficient memory.
It is caused by programming errors such as not freeing allocated memory or losing references to it.
Examples include forgetting to close a file or database connection, or not releasing memory allocated for a variable.
Memory leakage can be detected us...
Design a system using Max Heap to find the costliest element from a box when an element is picked.
Implement a Max Heap data structure to store the elements in the box.
Whenever an element is picked, the costliest element can be found at the root of the Max Heap.
After picking an element, update the Max Heap by removing the root and reorganizing the heap.
Ensure the Max Heap property is maintained during insertion and dele...
LRU cache is a data structure that stores most recently used items and discards least recently used items.
LRU stands for Least Recently Used
It is implemented using a doubly linked list and a hash map
When an item is accessed, it is moved to the front of the list
When the cache is full, the least recently used item is removed from the end of the list
Example: A web browser cache that stores recently visited web pages
Amazon interview questions for designations
Some of the top questions asked at the Amazon SDE interview -
The duration of Amazon SDE interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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