Amazon SDE Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Typing amazon.com in the browser's address bar takes you to Amazon's website.

• The browser sends a request to the DNS server to resolve the domain name 'amazon.com' to an IP address.

• The browser establishes a TCP connection with the server at the resolved IP address.

• The browser sends an HTTP request to the server for the homepage of Amazon's website.

• The server responds with the HTML code for the homepage, which the browse

The transaction process involves transferring funds from one account to another. A scheme is designed to ensure secure and accurate transfers.

• Verify the availability of sufficient funds in the sender's account

• Authenticate the sender's identity and authorization for the transaction

• Deduct the transfer amount from the sender's account balance

• Initiate a request to transfer the funds to the recipient's account

• Validate the r...read more

When a server receives an HTTP request, it interacts with the operating system, handles threading, thread pooling, synchronization, and hashing.

• Upon receiving an HTTP request, the server creates a new thread to handle the request.

• The operating system manages the allocation of system resources to the server process.

• Thread pooling is used to efficiently manage and reuse threads for handling multiple requests.

• Synchronizat...read more

ACID properties ensure reliability and consistency in database transactions.

• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

• Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit of work, either all or none of its operations are executed.

• Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another.

• Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere w...read more

To find kth-smallest element in BST, perform inorder traversal and return the kth element.

• Perform inorder traversal of the BST

• Maintain a counter variable to keep track of the number of nodes visited

• When the counter reaches k, return the current node's value

• If k is greater than the number of nodes in the BST, return null or throw an exception

Find the second largest element in an array.

• Sort the array and return the second last element

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the two largest elements

• Use a priority queue to find the second largest element

Given a sorted array with repeated elements, find the occurrence of a given element using binary search.

• Use binary search to find the first occurrence of the element

• Use binary search to find the last occurrence of the element

• Calculate the occurrence by subtracting the indices of the last and first occurrences and adding 1

Implement a data structure and algorithm to print all files in a directory, including sub-directories.

• Use an n-ary tree or stack to represent the directory structure

• Implement a BFS or DFS algorithm to traverse the directory and print files

• Handle sub-directories recursively

• Consider using a queue or stack to keep track of directories to visit

Print a matrix diagonally.

• Start from the top left corner and print the diagonal elements

• Move down and right to print the next diagonal

• Repeat until all diagonals are printed

DFS is a traversal algorithm used to visit all nodes of a tree or graph. It can be applied to binary as well as n-ary trees.

• DFS stands for Depth First Search.

• In DFS, we start from the root node and visit its children recursively until we reach a leaf node.

• There are two types of DFS: Preorder (root, left, right) and Postorder (left, right, root).

• DFS can be implemented using recursion or a stack data structure.

• Example: I...read more

Find total possible valid unique combinations of given number of pairs of parenthesis without duplicity.

• Use recursion to generate all possible combinations

• Check for validity of each combination using a stack

• Use a set to avoid duplicity

Construct a binary tree from in-order traversal with nodes greater than left and right child.

• The root node will be the maximum value in the in-order traversal

• Recursively construct the left and right subtrees using the left and right portions of the in-order traversal

• Repeat until all nodes are added to the tree

An algorithm to find top 10 trending words inserted by users in sites like Twitter.

• Collect a large dataset of tweets

• Tokenize the tweets into individual words

• Remove stop words and punctuation

• Count the frequency of each word

• Sort the words by frequency in descending order

• Select the top 10 words

Find the first occurrence of 1 in a sorted binary array.

• Use binary search to find the first occurrence of 1.

• If the mid element is 1, check if it's the first occurrence or if the element before it is 0.

• If the mid element is 0, search in the right half of the array.

• If the mid element is 1 and the element before it is also 1, search in the left half of the array.

Remove duplicates from a string in O(n) without using hash

• Use an array of boolean values to keep track of characters already seen

• Iterate through the string and mark characters as seen in the array

• If a character has already been seen, remove it from the string

Find the first occurrence of 1 in a sorted infinite binary tree.

• Use binary search to traverse the tree.

• If the current node is 1, check if its left child is also 1. If yes, move to the left subtree, else return the current node.

• If the current node is 0, move to the right subtree.

• Repeat until the first occurrence of 1 is found or the tree is exhausted.