Altair Engineering Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Commands of docker, git

Q1. Commands of Git
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Q1. What is modal analysis
Ans. 
Modal analysis is a technique used to study the dynamic characteristics of a system by identifying its modes of vibration.
• Modal analysis is used to determine the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes of a structure or component.

• It helps in understanding the behavior of a system under different loading conditions.

• Modal analysis is commonly used in engineering fields such as aerospace, civil, and mechanica...read more
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Q2. General discussion about the job description
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Q1. What is dof for 1d 2d and 3d element
Ans. 
DOF stands for Degrees of Freedom and refers to the number of independent variables in an element.
• 1D elements have 2 DOF, typically displacement in x and rotation about x

• 2D elements have 3 DOF, typically displacement in x and y, and rotation about z

• 3D elements have 6 DOF, typically displacement in x, y, and z, and rotation about x, y, and z
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Q2. Mesh quality criteria
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Mesh quality criteria are used to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of a mesh in numerical simulations.
• Mesh quality criteria assess the shape, size, and connectivity of mesh elements.

• Common criteria include aspect ratio, skewness, and orthogonality.

• Aspect ratio measures the elongation of elements, with lower values indicating better quality.

• Skewness measures the distortion of elements, with values close to zero ind...read more
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Q3. What fea solvers have you used before
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I have used various fea solvers in my previous roles.
• ANSYS

• ABAQUS

• Nastran

• LS-DYNA

• OpenFOAM
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Q1. Vehicle dynamics basics
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Q2. Motion solve related questions
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Q3. Basics of physics
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Q1. Project based backend and frontend
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Q2. How to connect to backend
Ans. 
To connect to the backend, you can use APIs, database connections, or web services.
• Use APIs to send and receive data between the frontend and backend

• Establish database connections to retrieve and store data

• Utilize web services for communication between different systems
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Q1. Technology related
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Q2. Programming related
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Q1. Find repeated nos in arrays
Ans. 
Find repeated numbers in arrays of strings
• Iterate through each string in the array

• Convert each string to an array of numbers

• Use a hash map to track the frequency of each number

• Identify and return the repeated numbers
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Q1. Current company work, reason for change, etc.
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Q1. Basic OOP's Concepts
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Q2. What's Copy Constructor and how and why it is used
Ans. 
Copy constructor creates a new object by copying the values of an existing object.
• Copy constructor is used to create a new object with the same values as an existing object.

• It is invoked when a new object is initialized with an existing object.

• It is used to avoid shallow copy and ensure deep copy of objects.

• Example: MyClass obj1; MyClass obj2 = obj1; //copy constructor called to create obj2
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Q3. What's shallow and deep copy
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Shallow copy creates a new object with the same reference as the original, while deep copy creates a new object with a new reference.
• Shallow copy only copies the reference to the original object, so changes made to the copy will affect the original object.

• Deep copy creates a new object with a new reference, so changes made to the copy will not affect the original object.

• In Python, shallow copy can be made using the cop...read more
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Q4. How vector works internally
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Vectors are dynamic arrays that allocate memory dynamically. They work by storing elements in contiguous memory locations.
• Vectors allocate memory dynamically and store elements in contiguous memory locations

• They can be resized dynamically as needed

• Accessing elements is done using an index, similar to arrays

• Inserting or deleting elements in the middle of a vector can be expensive as it requires shifting all subsequent e...read more
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Q5. Different containers in STL
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STL provides various containers like vector, list, map, set, etc.
• Vector: Dynamic array with contiguous memory allocation

• List: Doubly linked list

• Map: Associative container with key-value pairs

• Set: Associative container with unique keys

• Deque: Double-ended queue

• Stack: LIFO data structure

• Queue: FIFO data structure
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Q6. What's difference between ordered map and unordered map
Ans. 
Ordered map maintains the order of insertion while unordered map does not.
• Ordered map is implemented using a balanced binary search tree while unordered map is implemented using a hash table.

• Ordered map is useful when we need to maintain the order of insertion while unordered map is useful when we need faster access to elements.

• Example of ordered map: std::map in C++, Example of unordered map: std::unordered_map in C++
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Q7. What's' polymorphism and how it works
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Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were the same type.
• Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Method overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class.

• Method overloading is when a class has two or more methods with the same...read more
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Q8. How compiler differentiate between different function with same signature. Name mangling
Ans. 
Name mangling is used by compilers to differentiate between different functions with the same signature.
• Name mangling is a process of encoding/decoding function names to include additional information such as parameter types and namespaces.

• This allows the compiler to differentiate between functions with the same name and signature.

• For example, in C++, two functions with the same name and signature but in different name...read more
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Q9. Write C++ program to find absolute difference between sum of diagonal elements
Ans. 
C++ program to find absolute difference between sum of diagonal elements
• Create a 2D array

• Calculate sum of diagonal elements

• Calculate absolute difference

• Print the result
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Q10. How does virtual function works. What's Vptr and Vtable. Why virtual function is needed
Ans. 
Virtual functions allow dynamic binding of functions at runtime. Vptr and Vtable are used to implement this feature.
• Virtual functions are declared in base class and can be overridden in derived classes.

• Vptr is a pointer to Vtable which contains addresses of virtual functions.

• Virtual function is needed to achieve polymorphism and to allow derived classes to have their own implementation of a function.

• Virtual functions a...read more
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Q1. Brief about background, experience and projects
Ans. 
I am a software engineer with 5 years of experience in developing web applications and mobile apps.
• Developed a web application for a healthcare company using React and Node.js

• Built a mobile app for a retail company using React Native

• Worked on a project for a financial institution using Java and Spring Framework

• Experience in Agile methodology and Scrum framework

• Strong skills in problem-solving and debugging
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Q2. Few code snippet regarding memory leak how you will resolve them
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Q3. Code snippet regarding how virtual function will work. With and without virtual keyword
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Q4. Given one point and circle how will you find if it's inside circle or outside circle
Ans. 
Check if a point is inside or outside a circle
• Calculate the distance between the center of the circle and the given point using the distance formula

• If the distance is less than the radius of the circle, the point is inside the circle

• If the distance is equal to the radius of the circle, the point is on the circle

• If the distance is greater than the radius of the circle, the point is outside the circle
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Q5. What's smart pointers Which IDE you use Have you used GDB?
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Smart pointers are objects that manage the memory of dynamically allocated objects, preventing memory leaks and dangling pointers.
• Smart pointers are a type of RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization) technique.

• They automatically delete the object they point to when it is no longer needed.

• Examples of smart pointers include unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr in C++.

• They are used to prevent memory leaks and danglin...read more
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