Altair Engineering Frontend Developer Intern Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Basics and advance C++ concepts
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Q1. For 1 yr experience Java dev interview: Qs on core java, collections, internal working, code snippets related to OOPS were given and output had to be guessed. Basic Coding problem
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Aptitude Java CI/CD DevOps Unit testing HTML CSS

Q1. Technical questions same as above Puzzles to assess problem solving abilities
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Q1. General questions around CTC and expectations
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Round duration - 75 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This was an online coding round where I had 2 questions to solve under 75 minutes. Both the coding questions were related to DP and were of Medium to Hard level of difficulty.

Q1. 
Longest Common Prime Subsequence Problem Statement
Imagine Ninja is tackling a puzzle during his long summer vacation. He has two arrays of integers, each with lengths 'N' and 'M'. Ninja's task is to dete...read more
Ans. 
Find the length of the longest subsequence common to two arrays consisting only of prime numbers.
• Iterate through both arrays to find prime numbers

• Use dynamic programming to find the longest common subsequence

• Consider edge cases like empty arrays or no common prime numbers
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Q2. 
Maximum Sum Problem Statement
You are given an array ARR of N integers. Your task is to perform operations on this array until it becomes empty, and maximize the sum of selected elements. In each operatio...read more
Ans. 
Given an array, select elements to maximize sum by removing adjacent elements. Return the maximum sum.
• Iterate through the array and keep track of the frequency of each element.

• Select the element with the highest frequency first, then remove adjacent elements.

• Repeat the process until the array becomes empty and calculate the sum of selected elements.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round had 2 Algorithmic questions wherein I was supposed to code both the problems after discussing their approaches and respective time and space complexities . After that , I was grilled on some OOPS concepts related to C++.

Q1. 
Cycle Detection in a Linked List
Your task is to determine if a given Singly Linked List of integers forms a cycle.
Explanation: A cycle in a linked list occurs when there is a node in the list that conn...read more
Ans. 
Detect if a given singly linked list of integers forms a cycle.
• Use Floyd's Tortoise and Hare algorithm to detect cycle in linked list

• Maintain two pointers, one moving at double the speed of the other

• If they meet at some point, there is a cycle in the linked list
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Q2. 
Check If Preorder Traversal Is Valid
Determine whether a given array ARR of positive integers is a valid Preorder Traversal of a Binary Search Tree (BST).
A binary search tree (BST) is a tree structure w...read more
Ans. 
Check if a given array of positive integers is a valid Preorder Traversal of a Binary Search Tree (BST).
• Create a stack to keep track of nodes.

• Iterate through the array and compare each element with the top of the stack.

• If the current element is less than the top of the stack, push it onto the stack.

• If the current element is greater than the top of the stack, pop elements from the stack until a greater element is found ...read more
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Q3. What are Vtable and VPTR in C++?
Ans. 
Vtable and VPTR are used in C++ for implementing polymorphism through virtual functions.
• Vtable (Virtual Table) is a table of function pointers used to implement dynamic dispatch for virtual functions.

• VPTR (Virtual Pointer) is a pointer that points to the Vtable of an object.

• Vtable is created by the compiler for each class that has virtual functions.

• VPTR is added as a hidden member in each object of a class with virtual...read more
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Q4. What are friend functions in C++?
Ans. 
Friend functions in C++ are functions that are not members of a class but have access to its private and protected members.
• Friend functions are declared inside a class with the keyword 'friend'.

• They can access private and protected members of the class.

• They are not member functions of the class, but have the same access rights as member functions.

• Friend functions are useful when you want to allow a function external to
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This was also a DS/Algo round where I was given 2 questions to solve and I was expected to come up with the optimal approach as far as possible. I solved both the questions with the optimal time and space complexities and then I was asked some more questions related to DBMS towards the end of the interview.

Q1. 
Top View of a Binary Tree
You are given a binary tree. Your task is to print the Top View of the Binary Tree, displaying the nodes from left to right order.
Input:
The first line contains an integer 't'...read more
Ans. 
The task is to print the Top View of a Binary Tree from left to right order.
• Use a map to store the horizontal distance of each node from the root.

• Perform a level order traversal of the tree and keep track of the horizontal distance of each node.

• Print the nodes in the map in ascending order of their horizontal distance.

• Handle the case where multiple nodes have the same horizontal distance by printing the one that appear
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Q2. 
Count Palindromic Substrings Problem Statement
Given a string STR, determine the total number of palindromic substrings within STR.
Input:
The first line contains an integer 't' representing the number ...read more
Ans. 
Count the total number of palindromic substrings in a given string.
• Iterate through each character in the string and expand around it to find palindromic substrings.

• Use dynamic programming to store previously calculated palindromic substrings.

• Consider both odd and even length palindromes while counting.

• Example: For input 'abbc', palindromic substrings are ['a', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'bb']. Total count is 5.
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Q3. What is the difference between the DELETE and TRUNCATE commands in a DBMS?
Ans. 
DELETE removes specific rows from a table, while TRUNCATE removes all rows and resets auto-increment values.
• DELETE is a DML command, while TRUNCATE is a DDL command.

• DELETE can be rolled back, while TRUNCATE cannot be rolled back.

• DELETE triggers delete triggers, while TRUNCATE does not trigger any triggers.

• DELETE is slower as it maintains logs, while TRUNCATE is faster as it does not maintain logs.

• Example: DELETE FROM t
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Q4. What is meant by normalization and denormalization?
Ans. 
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity, while denormalization is the process of intentionally introducing redundancy to improve performance.
• Normalization involves breaking down a table into smaller tables and defining relationships between them to reduce redundancy and dependency.

• Denormalization involves combining tables and duplicating data to impr...read more
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Q1. What is oops, Mostly Debugging Questions
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Q2. Pointers, Memory Allocation
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Topics: maps, sorting and simple DSA question

Q1. What is linked list? How it is stored in memory? Give real examples of linked-list.
Ans. 
A linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the sequence.
• Linked list is stored in memory as nodes, where each node contains data and a reference to the next node.

• Examples of linked-list include a singly linked list, doubly linked list, and circular linked list.

• In a singly linked list, each node points to the next node. In a doubly linked list, each node points to both the next and
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Q2. How does ML models are built?
Ans. 
ML models are built by collecting and preparing data, selecting a model, training the model on the data, and evaluating its performance.
• Collect and prepare data by cleaning, transforming, and encoding it

• Select a model based on the problem at hand (e.g. regression, classification, clustering)

• Train the model using algorithms like linear regression, decision trees, or neural networks

• Evaluate the model's performance using ...read more
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Q3. Difference between array and linked list.
Ans. 
Arrays store elements in contiguous memory locations, while linked lists store elements in nodes with pointers to the next node.
• Arrays have fixed size, while linked lists can dynamically grow or shrink.

• Accessing elements in arrays is faster (O(1)), while accessing elements in linked lists is slower (O(n)).

• Inserting or deleting elements in arrays can be inefficient, as it may require shifting elements, while in linked l...read more
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Q1. Given string s, return string y which stores first occurrence of characters of s .
Ans. 
Return a string containing the first occurrence of characters in the input string.
• Create an empty string to store the result.

• Iterate through each character in the input string.

• If the character is not already in the result string, add it to the result string.

• Return the result string.
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Q2. Describe the hardest DSA questions you have ever done.
Ans. 
One of the hardest DSA questions I have done involved implementing a complex graph traversal algorithm.
• The question required understanding of graph data structures and algorithms.

• I had to implement a depth-first search or breadth-first search algorithm.

• The question may have involved finding the shortest path in a weighted graph.

• I had to consider edge cases and optimize the algorithm for efficiency.
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Q1. What are your hobbies, plans for future after 5 years?
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2 hours of duration and medium level leetcode questions

Q1. What do you mean by os?
Ans. 
OS stands for Operating System. It is a software that manages computer hardware and provides services for computer programs.
• OS is the software that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and user applications.

• It manages computer resources such as memory, processors, devices, and file systems.

• Examples of popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.
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Q2. How can deadlock be avoided?
Ans. 
Deadlock can be avoided by implementing proper resource allocation strategies and using techniques like deadlock prevention, avoidance, detection, and recovery.
• Implement proper resource allocation strategies such as resource ordering, wait-die, wound-wait, etc.

• Use techniques like deadlock prevention by ensuring that the system never enters a deadlock state, avoidance by ensuring that the system does not enter an unsafe...read more
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