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MVC is a software design pattern that separates an application into three main components: Model, View, and Controller.
Model represents the data and business logic of the application.
View is responsible for displaying the data to the user.
Controller acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly.
MVC helps in organizing code, improving maintainability, and promotin...
InnoDB is a transaction-safe storage engine for MySQL, while MyISAM is not transaction-safe.
InnoDB supports transactions with ACID properties, while MyISAM does not.
InnoDB supports foreign keys, while MyISAM does not.
InnoDB is more reliable and crash-safe compared to MyISAM.
InnoDB is the default storage engine for MySQL 5.5 and higher versions.
MyISAM is faster for read-heavy operations, while InnoDB is better for write
Interface defines only method signatures while abstract class can have both method signatures and implementations.
Interface cannot have method implementations, only method signatures.
Abstract class can have both method signatures and implementations.
A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.
Interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to implement, while abstract cla...
A static method is a method that belongs to the class itself, rather than to instances of the class.
Static methods can be called directly on the class without needing to create an instance of the class.
Static methods are commonly used for utility functions that do not require access to instance-specific data.
Static methods are declared using the 'static' keyword in PHP.
Optimizing SQL queries involves analyzing query performance, indexing, minimizing data retrieval, and using appropriate joins.
Analyze query performance using tools like EXPLAIN to identify bottlenecks
Use indexes on columns frequently used in WHERE clauses
Minimize data retrieval by selecting only necessary columns
Avoid using SELECT * and instead specify required columns
Use appropriate joins like INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, e
array_map in PHP is used to apply a callback function to each element of an array.
array_map() returns an array containing all the elements of the input array after applying the callback function to each one.
It is useful for applying a function to all elements of an array without using a loop.
Example: array_map('strtoupper', ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']) will return ['APPLE', 'BANANA', 'CHERRY'].
A callback function in PHP is a function that is passed as an argument to another function and is executed at a later time.
Callback functions are commonly used in PHP for event handling, asynchronous processing, and custom sorting.
Example: array_map() function in PHP takes a callback function as an argument to apply a user-defined function to each element of an array.
Another example: usort() function in PHP uses a call...
PHPUnit workflow involves writing test cases, running tests, and analyzing results.
Write test cases using PHPUnit framework
Run tests using PHPUnit command line interface or IDE integration
Analyze test results to identify failures and errors
Make necessary code changes to fix failing tests
Repeat the process until all tests pass successfully
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I applied via Referral and was interviewed before Jan 2021. There were 3 interview rounds.
OOPs concepts are used in real life to model objects and their behavior.
Encapsulation: A car's engine is encapsulated and can only be accessed through specific methods.
Inheritance: A sports car is a type of car that inherits properties and methods from the car class.
Polymorphism: A person can be a student, teacher, or employee, each with their own unique behavior.
Abstraction: A TV remote has buttons that abstract the c...
Hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to locate values based on their keys.
Hashmap uses an array of linked lists to store key-value pairs.
The hash function is used to convert the key into an index of the array.
If two keys have the same hash value, they are stored in the same linked list.
Hashmap provides constant time complexity for insertion, deletion, and retrieval of values.
Java's H...
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Aug 2023. There were 3 interview rounds.
Find count of pairs whose sum is k in an array, with updated scenarios with each solution
hands on code for Java8, Springboot, HIbernate, Microservice architecture
Current project internals
I applied via Recruitment Consulltant and was interviewed in Sep 2023. There were 2 interview rounds.
Builder design pattern is a creational design pattern used to construct complex objects step by step.
Builder pattern separates the construction of a complex object from its representation.
It allows the same construction process to create different representations of the object.
Useful when there are multiple ways to construct an object or when the object creation process is complex.
Example: StringBuilder in Java allows ...
JOIN query to retrieve country and employee name
Use JOIN keyword to combine data from multiple tables
Specify the columns to select from each table
Use ON keyword to specify the relationship between the tables
posted on 8 Jan 2025
I applied via Recruitment Consulltant and was interviewed before Nov 2021. There were 3 interview rounds.
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed before Dec 2021. There were 3 interview rounds.
Java 8 features include lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.
Lambda expressions allow you to write code in a more concise and readable way.
Functional interfaces enable the use of lambda expressions.
Streams provide a way to work with collections of objects in a functional style.
Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.
Examples: Using lambda expressions to iterate...
Map applies a function to each element in a collection, while flatMap applies a function that returns a collection and flattens the result. Function is used to transform input into output, Predicate is used to test a condition.
Map transforms each element in a collection using a function
FlatMap transforms each element in a collection using a function that returns a collection and flattens the result
Function is used to t...
Use stream API to find sum of even numbers from a list
Use filter to get only even numbers
Use mapToInt to convert stream to IntStream
Use sum() to get the sum of even numbers
Liskov's substitution principle states that objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the program's correctness.
Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types
Derived classes should be able to extend the functionality of base classes without changing their behavior
Violating this principle can lead to unexpected behavior and errors in the program
Switch-case can break the Open/Closed Principle by requiring modification of existing code for new cases.
Switch-case statements violate the Open/Closed Principle, which states that classes should be open for extension but closed for modification.
Adding a new case to a switch statement requires modifying the existing code, violating the principle of not modifying existing code.
Instead of using switch-case, consider usin...
Different kinds of DB joins include inner join, outer join, left join, and right join.
Inner join: Returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.
Outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in one of the tables.
Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.
Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Jul 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
Java 8 programming and features
I applied via Job Portal and was interviewed before Mar 2023. There were 3 interview rounds.
based on 1 interview
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