Accenture Application Developer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe version of HashMap in Java.

• ConcurrentHashMap allows multiple threads to read and write to the map concurrently without causing any data corruption.

• It achieves thread-safety by dividing the map into segments and locking only a portion of the map during write operations.

• ConcurrentHashMap is more efficient than using synchronized collections for concurrent access.

• Example: ConcurrentHashM

Deadlock is a situation in which two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource.

• Occurs in multitasking environments

• Caused by a circular wait for resources

• Can be resolved by prevention or detection algorithms

• Example: Process A holds Resource 1 and waits for Resource 2, while Process B holds Resource 2 and waits for Resource 1

A linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the sequence.

• Consists of nodes where each node contains data and a reference to the next node

• Can be singly linked (each node points to the next node) or doubly linked (each node points to the next and previous nodes)

• Allows for dynamic size and efficient insertion/deletion operations

Immutability refers to the state of an object or data structure that cannot be modified after it is created.

• Immutable objects cannot be changed once they are created

• Immutability ensures data integrity and thread safety

• Examples include strings in Java, tuples in Python

Dispatcher servlet is the front controller in Spring MVC framework that receives incoming requests and directs them to appropriate handlers.

• Dispatcher servlet is configured in the web.xml file or through Java configuration.

• It acts as the entry point for all requests in a Spring MVC application.

• Dispatcher servlet uses handler mappings to determine which controller should handle a specific request.

• It also uses view resol...read more

Java code using stream api to retrieve second highest salary

• Use stream to sort salaries in descending order

• Skip the first highest salary and retrieve the second highest

The @Controller annotation is used to create a controller in Spring MVC, while @RestController is used to create RESTful web services.

• Controller is used to create web pages, RestController is used to create RESTful web services

• @Controller returns the view, @RestController returns the object and data directly

• @RestController is a specialization of @Controller

Thread lifecycle includes new, runnable, running, blocked, and terminated states.

• Thread is created in 'new' state

• Thread becomes 'runnable' when start() method is called

• Thread enters 'running' state when CPU starts executing its run() method

• Thread can be 'blocked' when waiting for a resource or I/O operation

• Thread reaches 'terminated' state when run() method completes or stop() method is called

Design patterns used in project help in organizing code and solving common problems efficiently.

• Singleton pattern - ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access.

• Factory pattern - creates objects without specifying the exact class to create.

• Observer pattern - defines a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated ...read more

Microservices are a software development technique where applications are broken down into smaller, independent services that work together.

• Microservices are small, independent services that focus on specific business functions.

• Each microservice can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.

• Microservices communicate with each other through APIs.

• They promote flexibility, scalability, and faster development cycles...read more

Azure Functions are serverless compute services that allow you to run event-triggered code without managing infrastructure.

• Azure Functions are event-driven, meaning they execute in response to events like HTTP requests, timers, or messages from other Azure services.

• They are serverless, meaning you only pay for the time your code runs and Azure automatically scales to meet demand.

• Azure Functions support multiple program...read more

Storage Queues are a type of service provided by cloud platforms to store and process messages in a queue.

• Storage Queues help in decoupling components of a cloud application by allowing them to communicate asynchronously.

• They are commonly used for tasks like processing messages, creating workflows, and handling background jobs.

• Examples of cloud platforms offering Storage Queues include Azure Queue Storage and Amazon Si

Stored Procedures are precompiled SQL queries stored in the database for reuse. Optimization involves reducing execution time.

• Stored Procedures are precompiled SQL queries stored in the database for reuse.

• They can improve performance by reducing network traffic and improving security.

• Optimization techniques include using proper indexing, minimizing data manipulation within the SP, and avoiding unnecessary loops.

• Example...read more

Angular is a popular front-end framework for building dynamic web applications.

• Angular is maintained by Google and is based on TypeScript.

• It allows for the creation of single-page applications with a modular and component-based architecture.

• Angular provides features like data binding, dependency injection, and routing.

• It has a large community and ecosystem with many third-party libraries and tools available.

• Angular is ...read more

Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their containing scope during compilation.

• Variable and function declarations are hoisted to the top of their scope.

• Only declarations are hoisted, not initializations.

• Function declarations take precedence over variable declarations.

A closure is a function that has access to its own scope, as well as the scope in which it was defined.

• Closure allows a function to access variables from its outer scope even after the outer function has finished executing.

• It helps in maintaining state in functional programming.

• Example: function outerFunction() { let outerVar = 'I am outer'; return function innerFunction() { console.log(outerVar); }; }

React has three main life cycles: Mounting, Updating, and Unmounting.

• Mounting: When an instance of a component is being created and inserted into the DOM.

• Updating: When a component is being re-rendered as a result of changes to its props or state.

• Unmounting: When a component is being removed from the DOM.

Lazy loading is a design pattern where resources are loaded only when needed, improving performance and reducing initial load time.

• Resources are loaded on demand rather than all at once

• Helps improve performance by reducing initial load time

• Commonly used in web development for images or content that is below the fold

SSR in React JS refers to Server-Side Rendering, where the initial HTML is generated on the server before being sent to the client.

• SSR helps improve SEO by providing search engines with fully rendered pages.

• It can also improve performance by reducing the time to first paint and time to interactive.

• SSR can be implemented using libraries like Next.js or Gatsby.

• Example: Next.js allows for easy SSR implementation by simply

I handle stress in tight deadlines by prioritizing tasks, staying organized, and communicating effectively with team members.

• Prioritize tasks based on importance and deadline

• Break down tasks into smaller, manageable chunks

• Stay organized with to-do lists and calendars

• Communicate with team members to delegate tasks and ask for help if needed

Checklists are essential for ensuring thorough PR reviews

• Include specific criteria for code quality, such as formatting, naming conventions, and performance

• Ensure all tests have been run and pass successfully

• Check for any potential security vulnerabilities or bugs

• Verify that the code aligns with project requirements and goals

Agile framework is a project management approach that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and iterative development.

• Agile framework involves breaking down projects into smaller tasks and completing them in short iterations called sprints.

• It prioritizes customer feedback and collaboration among team members.

• Common agile methodologies include Scrum, Kanban, and Extreme Programming (XP).