100+ Web Developer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Optimizing website performance involves techniques to reduce load times and improve user experience.

• Minimize HTTP requests by combining CSS and JavaScript files.

• Use image optimization tools like TinyPNG to reduce image sizes without losing quality.

• Implement lazy loading for images and videos to load them only when they are in the viewport.

• Utilize browser caching to store static resources locally for faster access on repeat visits.

• Use a Content Delivery Network (CDN) to distri...read more

A dump is a complete copy of data, while DD (Data Dictionary) is a structured description of data elements.

• Data Representation: A dump provides raw data, such as a database snapshot, while a DD outlines data types, formats, and relationships.

• Use Cases: Dumps are used for backups or migrations, whereas DDs are used for understanding data structure and design.

• Example of Dump: A SQL database dump might include all tables and records in a .sql file.

• Example of DD: A data dictionar...read more

The <a> tag in HTML is used to create hyperlinks, allowing users to navigate between web pages or resources.

• <a href='https://www.example.com'>Visit Example</a> creates a link to Example.com.

• The 'href' attribute specifies the URL of the page the link goes to.

• You can use 'target="_blank"' to open the link in a new tab.

• The text between the <a> tags is what users click on.

IDs are unique identifiers for a single element, while classes can be reused for multiple elements in CSS.

• ID selectors are defined with a '#' symbol (e.g., #header).

• Class selectors are defined with a '.' symbol (e.g., .button).

• An ID should be unique within a page, while multiple elements can share a class.

• IDs have higher specificity than classes, meaning they will override class styles if both are applied.

• Example: <div id='main'>...</div> vs <div class='container'>...</div>

Entering a URL in a browser initiates a series of steps to retrieve and display the requested web page.

• 1. DNS Resolution: The browser checks the URL and queries a DNS server to translate the domain name into an IP address.

• 2. TCP Connection: A TCP connection is established with the server using the IP address, typically over port 80 (HTTP) or 443 (HTTPS).

• 3. HTTP Request: The browser sends an HTTP request to the server for the desired resource (e.g., HTML page, image).

• 4. Server...read more

I developed a responsive e-commerce website using React and Node.js, enhancing user experience and increasing sales.

• Utilized React for front-end development, ensuring a dynamic and responsive user interface.

• Implemented Node.js and Express for the back-end, managing server-side logic and database interactions.

• Integrated Stripe API for secure payment processing, improving transaction efficiency.

• Employed MongoDB for data storage, allowing for scalable and flexible data managemen...read more

The data structure used to reverse an array is a stack.

• A stack data structure can be used to reverse an array by pushing each element onto the stack and then popping them off in reverse order.

• Example: If we have an array of strings ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'], we can reverse it using a stack to get ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple'].

API CRUD in PHP refers to creating, reading, updating, and deleting data using API endpoints in PHP.

• API CRUD allows for interacting with a database through HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.

• In PHP, this can be achieved by defining routes that correspond to CRUD operations and handling them in the backend code.

• For example, a GET request to /api/users would retrieve a list of users, while a POST request to the same endpoint would create a new user.

• CRUD operations are...read more

JavaScript is a programming language commonly used for creating interactive effects within web browsers.

• JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language.

• It is used to make web pages interactive and dynamic.

• JavaScript can be used for client-side and server-side development.

• Commonly used frameworks/libraries include React, Angular, and Node.js.

Props are inputs to components, while state is managed within components. They serve different purposes in React.

• Props are read-only and passed from parent to child components.

• State is mutable and managed within the component itself.

• Example of props: <ChildComponent name='John' />

• Example of state: this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 })

• Props are used for configuration, while state is used for dynamic data.

I am proficient in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Python, with experience in frameworks like React and Django.

• HTML: Used for structuring web content; example: creating semantic elements like <header>, <footer>.

• CSS: Styles web pages; example: using Flexbox for responsive layouts.

• JavaScript: Adds interactivity; example: using DOM manipulation to create dynamic content.

• React: A JavaScript library for building user interfaces; example: creating reusable components.

• Python: Used for ba...read more

External CSS files can be linked to HTML using the link tag in the head section.

• Create a separate CSS file with .css extension

• Add link tag in the head section of HTML file

• Specify the path of the CSS file in the href attribute of the link tag

• Example:

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPS is based on four main concepts: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same...read more

HTML is a markup language used for creating the structure of web pages, while CSS is a styling language used for designing the appearance of web pages.

• HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language and is used to create the structure of web pages.

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is used to style the appearance of web pages.

• HTML is used to define the content and structure of a web page, while CSS is used to define the layout and design.

• HTML uses tags to define elements lik...read more

The '#' symbol is used to comment code in Python.

• Use the '#' symbol to comment a single line of code.

• Use triple quotes (''' or ") to comment multiple lines of code.

• Comments are ignored by the Python interpreter and are used to explain the code.

The display:flex property in CSS enables a flexible layout model, allowing items to be arranged dynamically within a container.

• Flexible Layout: Items within a flex container can grow or shrink to fit the available space, adapting to different screen sizes.

• Alignment Control: Flexbox provides properties like justify-content and align-items to control the alignment of items along the main and cross axes.

• Direction Control: The flex-direction property allows you to set the directi...read more

JavaScript is used for frontend development because it allows for dynamic and interactive web pages.

• JavaScript enables client-side scripting, allowing for real-time updates and interactivity without requiring page reloads.

• It provides access to the Document Object Model (DOM), allowing developers to manipulate and modify web page elements.

• JavaScript can handle user events, validate input, and perform form submissions, enhancing user experience.

• It supports the creation of respo...read more

The company utilizes various technologies to enhance its operations and improve efficiency.

• The company uses web development frameworks such as React and Angular to build and maintain its websites and web applications.

• They employ cloud computing services like AWS or Azure for hosting and managing their applications and data.

• The company utilizes version control systems like Git to track changes and collaborate on code development.

• They employ project management tools like Jira o...read more

Coding is short for computer programming, the process of creating instructions for computers to execute.

• Coding involves writing and testing code to create software or applications.

• Programming languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, etc. are used for coding.

• Examples of coding tasks include building websites, mobile apps, and software programs.

Block elements take up full width, while inline elements only take up as much width as necessary.

• Block elements start on a new line and take up the full width available. Example: <div>, <p>, <h1>.

• Inline elements do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary. Example: <span>, <a>, <strong>.

• Block elements can contain other block and inline elements, while inline elements can only contain other inline elements.

• CSS properties like width and height can be ...read more

PHP Laravel is a popular PHP framework for web development, used for creating CRUD applications.

• PHP Laravel is a powerful MVC framework for building web applications

• CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, Delete - basic operations for database management

• Laravel provides built-in support for CRUD operations through Eloquent ORM

• Example: Creating a blog application with Laravel where users can create, read, update, and delete blog posts

OOPs concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming principles such as inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.

The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for web documents that allows scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a webpage.

• DOM represents the structure of a document as a tree of objects.

• It allows developers to manipulate the content, structure, and style of a webpage using scripting languages like JavaScript.

• Changes made to the DOM are reflected in the webpage in real-time.

• Example: document.getElementById('myElement') all...read more

Sepnoty is not a recognized term in web development or technology.

let, var, and const are JavaScript keywords used for declaring variables with different scopes and mutability.

• var is function-scoped and can be redeclared and reassigned

• let is block-scoped and can be reassigned but not redeclared

• const is block-scoped and cannot be reassigned or redeclared

• Use const for values that won't change, let for values that will, and var for legacy code or global variables

Bootstrap grid system is a responsive grid system that allows developers to create responsive layouts for web pages.

• Bootstrap grid system is based on a 12-column layout.

• Developers can use predefined classes to create responsive layouts.

• The grid system is mobile-first, meaning it is designed for mobile devices first and then scaled up for larger screens.

• Developers can use offset classes to create custom layouts.

• The grid system also includes responsive utility classes for hidin...read more

Laravel is a powerful PHP framework that simplifies web development with elegant syntax and robust features.

• MVC Architecture: Laravel follows the Model-View-Controller pattern, promoting organized code and separation of concerns.

• Eloquent ORM: It provides an intuitive ActiveRecord implementation for database interactions, making data manipulation easier.

• Blade Templating: Laravel's Blade engine allows for clean and reusable templates, enhancing the development process.

• Built-in ...read more