100+ Web Developer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

PHP Laravel is a popular PHP framework for web development, used for creating CRUD applications.

• PHP Laravel is a powerful MVC framework for building web applications

• CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, Delete - basic operations for database management

• Laravel provides built-in support for CRUD operations through Eloquent ORM

• Example: Creating a blog application with Laravel where users can create, read, update, and delete blog posts

The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for web documents that allows scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a webpage.

• DOM represents the structure of a document as a tree of objects.

• It allows developers to manipulate the content, structure, and style of a webpage using scripting languages like JavaScript.

• Changes made to the DOM are reflected in the webpage in real-time.

• Example: document.getElementById('myElement') all...read more

let, var, and const are JavaScript keywords used for declaring variables with different scopes and mutability.

• var is function-scoped and can be redeclared and reassigned

• let is block-scoped and can be reassigned but not redeclared

• const is block-scoped and cannot be reassigned or redeclared

• Use const for values that won't change, let for values that will, and var for legacy code or global variables

Bootstrap grid system is a responsive grid system that allows developers to create responsive layouts for web pages.

• Bootstrap grid system is based on a 12-column layout.

• Developers can use predefined classes to create responsive layouts.

• The grid system is mobile-first, meaning it is designed for mobile devices first and then scaled up for larger screens.

• Developers can use offset classes to create custom layouts.

• The grid system also includes responsive utility classes for hidin...read more

Coding is short for computer programming, the process of creating instructions for computers to execute.

• Coding involves writing and testing code to create software or applications.

• Programming languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, etc. are used for coding.

• Examples of coding tasks include building websites, mobile apps, and software programs.

Joins are used to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column.

• Types of joins include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Inner join returns only the matching rows from both tables.

• Left join returns all the rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

• Right join returns all the rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.

• Full outer join returns all the rows from both tables, with NULL values in the co...read more

JavaScript is a programming language commonly used for creating interactive effects within web browsers.

• JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language.

• It is used to make web pages interactive and dynamic.

• JavaScript can be used for client-side and server-side development.

• Commonly used frameworks/libraries include React, Angular, and Node.js.

HTML is used for structuring content on a webpage, while CSS is used for styling and formatting that content.

• HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language and is used to create the structure of a webpage.

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is used to style the HTML elements on a webpage.

• HTML uses tags to define different elements like headings, paragraphs, images, etc.

• CSS allows you to change the color, font, size, layout, and more of HTML elements.

• Both HTML and CSS are ess...read more

Overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class. Overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters.

• Overriding occurs in inheritance when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class.

• Overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters, allowing for different behaviors based on the input.

• E...read more

Live server is a local development server that automatically refreshes the browser when changes are made to the code.

• Live server is used for quickly testing and previewing web pages during development.

• It eliminates the need to manually refresh the browser after making changes to the code.

• Popular live server tools include Live Server extension for Visual Studio Code and BrowserSync.

Java is a general-purpose programming language, while JavaScript is a scripting language primarily used for web development.

• Java is compiled and runs on a virtual machine, while JavaScript is interpreted and runs in a web browser.

• Java is statically typed, while JavaScript is dynamically typed.

• Java is used for building standalone applications, server-side development, and Android apps, while JavaScript is used for client-side web development and adding interactivity to website...read more

C and C++ are programming languages commonly used for system programming and software development.

• C is a procedural programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972.

• C++ is an object-oriented programming language based on C, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983.

• C is often used for system programming, embedded systems, and low-level programming.

• C++ is used for software development, game development, and high-performance applications.

• C++ is an extension of C with added...read more

HTML tags are used to structure content on a webpage.

• <h1> - Heading tag

• <p> - Paragraph tag

• <a> - Anchor tag (for links)

• <img> - Image tag

• <ul> - Unordered list tag

The box model in CSS is a design concept that describes how elements are rendered on a webpage, including padding, borders, and margins.

• The box model consists of content, padding, border, and margin.

• Content is the actual content of the element, padding is the space between the content and the border, border is the line around the element, and margin is the space outside the border.

• The total width of an element is calculated as: width + padding + border + margin.

• Example: div {...read more

The $ sign in JQuery is a shorthand for the JQuery function.

• The $ sign is used to select elements in JQuery.

• It can also be used to create new elements.

• It is a shorthand for the JQuery function.

• Example: $('p') selects all the paragraphs on a page.

Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their containing scope during the compilation phase.

• Variables and functions are hoisted to the top of their scope.

• Function declarations are hoisted before variable declarations.

• Example: console.log(myVar); var myVar = 10; // Output: undefined

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces, and useState is a hook that allows functional components to have state.

• React is a popular JavaScript library used for building user interfaces.

• useState is a hook in React that allows functional components to have state.

• useState is used to store and update state in functional components.

• Example: const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

To change language in HTML, use the lang attribute in the opening <html> tag.

• Add the lang attribute to the <html> tag with the desired language code (e.g. lang='en' for English).

• The lang attribute helps search engines and screen readers understand the language of the content.

• Example: <html lang='en'>

Promises in JavaScript are objects representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• They can be in one of three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.

• Promises can be chained using .then() to handle success and .catch() to handle errors.

• Example: new Promise((resolve, reject) => { ... }).then(result => { ... }).catch(error => { ... });

Bootstrap is a popular front-end framework for building responsive and mobile-first websites.

• Bootstrap is a free and open-source CSS framework.

• It includes HTML and CSS-based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation, and other interface components.

• Bootstrap also includes JavaScript plugins for creating interactive components like modals, carousels, and tooltips.

• It helps developers to quickly design and customize responsive websites.

• Bootstrap grid system allo...read more

Static websites display the same content to all users, while dynamic websites can change content based on user interactions.

• Static websites are built using HTML and CSS, with content that remains the same for all users.

• Dynamic websites use server-side languages like PHP, Python, or Ruby to generate content based on user input or interactions.

• Examples of static websites include personal blogs or company websites, while examples of dynamic websites include e-commerce sites or s...read more

I rate myself 8/10 in Javascript and 7/10 in jQuery.

• Proficient in using vanilla Javascript to create dynamic and interactive web pages

• Experience in using jQuery to simplify DOM manipulation and event handling

• Familiarity with popular Javascript frameworks like React and Angular

• Continuously learning and improving my skills in Javascript and jQuery

Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variables and function declarations are moved to the top of their scope.

• Variables declared with var are hoisted to the top of their scope

• Function declarations are also hoisted to the top of their scope

• Function expressions are not hoisted

• Hoisting can lead to unexpected behavior and bugs

• Example: console.log(x); var x = 5; // Output: undefined

Responsive design is an approach to web design that makes web pages render well on a variety of devices and window or screen sizes.

• Uses flexible grids and layouts

• Utilizes CSS media queries to adjust styles based on device characteristics

• Ensures optimal user experience across different devices

• Examples: websites that adjust layout and content based on screen size like Amazon or Netflix

A static website is a website that is delivered to the user exactly as stored, without any server-side processing.

• Static websites are made up of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files.

• They do not require a database or server-side scripting.

• Content on static websites remains the same unless manually updated.

• Examples of static websites include informational websites, portfolios, and personal blogs.

Normalization in DBMS is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

• Normalization involves breaking down a database into smaller, more manageable tables.

• It helps in reducing data redundancy by storing data in a structured way.

• Normalization ensures data integrity by minimizing data anomalies.

• There are different normal forms like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, etc.

• Example: In a database of students, instead of storing student details in m...read more

PHP is a server-side scripting language, HTML is a markup language for creating web pages, and SQL is a language for managing databases.

• PHP is used for creating dynamic web pages and interacting with databases.

• HTML is used for structuring content on web pages.

• SQL is used for querying and managing data in databases.

• Example: PHP code can retrieve data from a MySQL database using SQL queries.

Hooks in React are functions that let you use state and other React features without writing a class.

• Hooks were introduced in React 16.8.

• They allow you to use state and other React features in functional components.

• Commonly used hooks include useState, useEffect, useContext, and useReducer.

Developing plugins involves creating custom code that extends the functionality of a software or platform.

• Identify the purpose and requirements of the plugin

• Choose the appropriate development platform or framework

• Write the plugin code using the programming language and tools supported by the platform

• Test the plugin for functionality and compatibility

• Document the plugin's features, installation instructions, and usage guidelines

Async, await, and promises are JavaScript features used for handling asynchronous operations.

• Promises are objects that represent the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• Async/await is a syntax for writing asynchronous code that looks like synchronous code.

• Async functions always return a promise.

• Await can only be used inside an async function and it waits for the promise to resolve or reject before continuing execution.

• Async/await is built on top of pro...read more

Reducers are used in web development to manage and update the state of an application in a predictable way.

• Reducers help in maintaining a single source of truth for the state of an application.

• They make it easier to debug and trace changes in the state.

• Reducers are commonly used in conjunction with actions and store in libraries like Redux.

• Example: Reducers are used in React applications to update the state based on actions triggered by user interactions.

To find the loop in a linked list, use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm.

• Use two pointers, slow and fast, to traverse the linked list.

• If there is a loop, the fast pointer will eventually meet the slow pointer.

• Once they meet, move one pointer back to the head and start moving both pointers one node at a time until they meet again. This meeting point is the start of the loop.

Hashtable is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and provides constant time complexity for insertion, deletion, and retrieval.

• It uses a hash function to map keys to indices in an array

• Collisions can occur when two keys map to the same index, which can be resolved using techniques like chaining or open addressing

• Examples of hashtable implementations include Python's dict, Java's HashMap, and JavaScript's Map

Closure is a function that has access to its own scope, as well as the scope in which it was defined.

• Closure allows a function to access variables from its outer scope even after the outer function has finished executing.

• It is created whenever a function is defined within another function.

• Closure is commonly used in event handlers, callbacks, and in functional programming.

The difference between == and === is that == compares values while === compares both values and types.

• The == operator performs type coercion before comparing values.

• The === operator does not perform type coercion and compares both values and types.

• Using === is generally considered safer and more reliable.

• Example: 5 == '5' returns true, but 5 === '5' returns false.

Position in CSS determines the placement of an element on a webpage.

• Position can be set to static, relative, absolute, fixed, or sticky.

• Static is the default position where elements are displayed in the normal flow of the document.

• Relative positions an element relative to its normal position.

• Absolute positions an element relative to its nearest positioned ancestor.

• Fixed positions an element relative to the viewport.

• Sticky positions an element based on the user's scroll positi...read more

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces, while Angular is a full-fledged framework for web development.

• React is a library, while Angular is a framework

• React uses a virtual DOM for better performance, Angular uses a regular DOM

• React is more flexible and lightweight, Angular has more built-in features and tools

• React is easier to learn for beginners, Angular has a steeper learning curve

• React is maintained by Facebook, Angular is maintained by Google

Angular is a popular front-end framework for building dynamic web applications.

• Developed and maintained by Google

• Uses TypeScript for building applications

• Follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture

• Supports two-way data binding for real-time updates

• Has a large community and ecosystem of libraries and tools

ReactJs is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

• ReactJs is developed and maintained by Facebook.

• It allows developers to create reusable UI components.

• ReactJs uses a virtual DOM for better performance.

• It follows a component-based architecture.

• ReactJs can be used for building single-page applications.

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a new class is created by inheriting properties of an existing class.

• Inheritance allows for code reuse and promotes code organization.

• The existing class is called the parent or superclass, and the new class is called the child or subclass.

• The child class inherits all the properties and methods of the parent class, and can also add new properties and methods.

• Inheritance can be single, where a child class inherits ...read more

An interface is a contract between two or more systems, defining how they will communicate and interact with each other.

• Interfaces define a set of methods or properties that a class must implement

• Interfaces provide a way to achieve polymorphism in object-oriented programming

• Interfaces can be used to enforce a certain level of abstraction and modularity in code

• Examples of interfaces in programming languages include Java's interface keyword and TypeScript's interface syntax

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm that uses objects to design applications.

• OOPs focuses on creating reusable code and organizing it into objects.

• It uses concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

• Examples of OOPs languages include Java, Python, and C++.

Closure scope refers to the variables that a function has access to, even after the function has finished executing.

• Closure scope allows functions to access variables from their parent function, even after the parent function has returned.

• This is achieved by creating a closure, which is a combination of a function and the environment in which it was created.

• Closure scope is useful for creating private variables and encapsulating data within functions.

The 'in' keyword in CSS is used to check if a value is present in a list or array.

• The 'in' keyword is used in CSS to perform conditional checks on values.

• It is commonly used in conjunction with the 'var()' function to dynamically assign values.

• The 'in' keyword can be used with properties like 'display', 'background', and 'animation'.

• Example: 'display: flex' sets the display property to 'flex' if the 'flex' value is present in the list of supported values.

Hooks are functions that allow developers to use state and other React features in functional components.

• Hooks were introduced in React 16.8

• They allow functional components to have state and lifecycle methods

• Examples of hooks include useState, useEffect, useContext

useState is a hook in React that allows functional components to have state.

• useState is a hook provided by React for managing state in functional components.

• It returns an array with two elements - the current state value and a function to update that value.

• Example: const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

I have over 5 years of experience in web development, specializing in front-end technologies.

• Proficient in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

• Experience with responsive design and cross-browser compatibility

• Familiarity with frameworks such as React and Angular

• Strong problem-solving skills and attention to detail