1000+ Technical Lead Interview Questions and Answers

Agile mythology is the set of beliefs and practices associated with Agile methodology, which is different from the Waterfall process.

• Agile mythology emphasizes on iterative and incremental development

• It values customer collaboration and responding to change over following a plan

• Agile mythology promotes self-organizing teams and continuous improvement

• Waterfall process follows a sequential approach with a fixed scope and plan

• It has less flexibility to adapt to changing requirem...read more

Knowledge of Docker and experience with MySQL/MSSQL is preferred for the Technical Leader role.

• Familiarity with Docker and containerization

• Proficiency in writing and executing SQL queries

• Understanding of database engine structures and optimization

• Experience with MySQL/MSSQL or similar relational databases

• Ability to troubleshoot and resolve database issues

NGRX is a state management library for Angular applications.

• NGRX is inspired by Redux, a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.

• It helps manage the state of an Angular application in a centralized and predictable way.

• NGRX consists of actions, reducers, selectors, and effects to manage state changes.

• It allows for a unidirectional data flow in Angular applications.

• NGRX can be used to handle complex state management scenarios in large Angular applications.

We will prioritize client requirements and continuously communicate with them to ensure their expectations are met.

• Regularly review and prioritize client requirements

• Frequent communication with clients to ensure their expectations are met

• Adapt to changes in client requirements through continuous feedback

• Deliver working software frequently to demonstrate progress

• Collaborate with clients to ensure their needs are understood and met

Choose .Net Core for cross-platform and cloud-based applications, .Net Framework for Windows-only applications.

• Consider the target platform and deployment environment

• Choose .Net Core for cross-platform and cloud-based applications

• Choose .Net Framework for Windows-only applications

• Check for compatibility with existing libraries and frameworks

• Consider performance and scalability requirements

.NET is a software framework developed by Microsoft. Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• .NET is a framework for building Windows applications and web services.

• .NET supports multiple programming languages like C#, VB.NET, and F#.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Polymorphism enables code reusability and flexibility in object-oriented programming.

• Example: A base class 'Shape' with derived...read more

I have implemented a microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility.

• Implemented microservices architecture using Docker and Kubernetes

• Used API Gateway for routing and load balancing

• Implemented service discovery using Consul

• Implemented circuit breaker pattern using Hystrix

• Implemented centralized logging using ELK stack

• Implemented distributed tracing using Zipkin

• Implemented event-driven architecture using Kafka

• Chose microservices architecture for scalability, flexib...read more

To achieve load balance and fault tolerance while deploying an application, we can use techniques like load balancing, clustering, and redundancy.

• Implement load balancing to distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers.

• Use clustering to group multiple servers together to work as a single unit.

• Ensure redundancy by having multiple instances of critical components to handle failures.

• Implement fault-tolerant mechanisms like automatic failover and replication.

• Regularly moni...read more

Creating a RESTful service without using Asp.Net Web Api template.

• Use a lightweight framework like Flask or Express

• Define routes and HTTP methods for each endpoint

• Serialize data to JSON format

• Handle errors and exceptions

• Test the service using tools like Postman or curl

Steps taken to secure a website

• Use HTTPS protocol

• Implement strong password policies

• Regularly update software and plugins

• Use firewalls and intrusion detection systems

• Regularly backup data

• Implement two-factor authentication

• Conduct regular security audits

Finally block will always execute, even if an exception is thrown in the try or catch block.

• Finally block is used to execute code that must always run, regardless of whether an exception was thrown or not.

• If an exception is thrown in the try or catch block, the finally block will still execute.

• Finally block is often used to release resources like file handles, database connections, etc.

Hashing is a technique to map data to a fixed size array. Hash Map is a data structure that uses hashing to store key-value pairs.

• Hashing is used to quickly retrieve data from a large dataset

• Hash function maps data to a fixed size array index

• Collisions can occur when multiple data points map to the same index

• Hash Map uses key-value pairs to store and retrieve data

• Balanced tree is an alternative to Hash Map for efficient data retrieval

My approach to designing a new application involves understanding user needs, researching competition, creating wireframes, and iterating based on feedback.

• Understand user needs and pain points

• Research competition and industry trends

• Create wireframes and prototypes

• Iterate based on user feedback

• Consider scalability and maintainability

• Test thoroughly before launch

Events in C# are used to provide a way for objects to communicate with each other. Freezable objects in WPF allow for efficient memory usage and improved performance.

• Events allow for loosely coupled communication between objects

• They are used to notify subscribers when an action occurs

• Freezable objects can be shared across multiple threads and can be modified without creating a new instance

• They are used in WPF to improve performance and reduce memory usage

• Examples of freezable...read more

Call, apply, and bind are methods in JavaScript used to manipulate the 'this' keyword and pass arguments to functions.

• Call invokes a function with a specified 'this' value and arguments passed individually.

• Apply invokes a function with a specified 'this' value and arguments passed as an array.

• Bind creates a new function with a specified 'this' value and arguments passed individually.

• All three methods are used to manipulate the 'this' keyword in JavaScript.

IaaS provides infrastructure while PaaS provides a platform for application development and deployment.

• IaaS offers virtualized computing resources like servers, storage, and networking while PaaS provides a platform for developers to build, test, and deploy applications.

• IaaS requires more management and maintenance from the user while PaaS abstracts away much of the underlying infrastructure.

• Examples of IaaS providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure whil...read more

Deploying Azure function created in Visual Studio to Azure.

• Publish the function from Visual Studio to Azure portal.

• Create a new function app in Azure portal.

• Configure the function app settings and connection strings.

• Deploy the function code to the function app.

• Test the function in Azure portal.

Different types of joins are Inner Join, Left Join, Right Join, and Full Outer Join.

• Inner Join returns only the matching rows from both tables.

• Left Join returns all the rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

• Right Join returns all the rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.

• Full Outer Join returns all the rows from both tables, with NULL values in the columns where there is no match.

• Join types can be combined with other SQL cla...read more

Circuit breaker is used to prevent cascading failures in distributed systems.

• Circuit breaker is used to handle faults in microservices architecture.

• It is used to prevent overloading of a service by temporarily stopping requests to it.

• It helps in improving the resilience of the system by handling failures gracefully.

• Example: If a service is down, circuit breaker will stop sending requests to it and will try again after a specified time interval.

• It is also used for monitoring t...read more

Shared variables are accessible by all tasks in a process, while job shared variables are only accessible by tasks in a specific job.

• Shared variables are used to share data between tasks in a process.

• Job shared variables are used to share data between tasks in a specific job.

• Shared variables can cause race conditions and should be used with caution.

• Job shared variables are useful for passing data between tasks in a job without affecting other jobs.

There are two types of routings in Asp.Net MVC: convention-based routing and attribute routing.

• Convention-based routing uses default routing rules to map URLs to controller actions.

• Attribute routing allows developers to define custom routes using attributes on controller actions or at the controller level.

• Both types of routing can be used together in the same application.

• Convention-based routing is the default routing mechanism in Asp.Net MVC.

• Attribute routing is more flexibl...read more

Libraries for electrical and instrumentation requirements can be created by following a structured approach.

• Identify the requirements and specifications of the library

• Design the library structure and components

• Develop and test the library

• Document the library for ease of use and maintenance

• Continuously update and improve the library based on feedback and changes in requirements

• Examples: National Instruments LabVIEW libraries, Arduino libraries

Risk assessment for an application involves identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities and evaluating their impact.

• Identify potential threats and vulnerabilities

• Evaluate the impact of each threat or vulnerability

• Determine the likelihood of each threat or vulnerability occurring

• Prioritize risks based on their impact and likelihood

• Develop a plan to mitigate or manage each risk

RTE calls are generated to communicate between software components. Different types of calls are generated for each interface.

• RTE calls are generated to exchange data and trigger actions between software components.

• The type of call generated for each interface depends on the communication protocol used.

• For example, in a RESTful API interface, HTTP requests like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE are generated.

• In a messaging interface, calls like publish, subscribe, and request-respon...read more

Cloud refers to services and resources accessed over the internet, while on premises refers to resources located within an organization's physical location.

• Cloud services are accessed over the internet, allowing for scalability and flexibility.

• On premises resources are physically located within an organization's own data center or server room.

• Cloud services are typically managed and maintained by a third-party provider, while on premises resources are managed internally by th...read more

Iterate through the string from end to beginning and append each character to a new string.

• Create an empty string to store the reversed string.

• Iterate through the original string from end to beginning.

• Append each character to the new string.

• Return the reversed string.

To add dependency SDKs for a particular build flavor, modify the build.gradle file and specify the dependencies for that flavor.

• Open the build.gradle file for your project

• Locate the section for the desired build flavor

• Inside the dependencies block, add the necessary SDK dependencies

• Sync the project to apply the changes

I have experience using containerization tools like Docker and Kubernetes for microservices deployment.

• I have used Docker to create container images for each microservice.

• I have used Kubernetes to manage the deployment, scaling, and load balancing of the microservices.

• I have also used Helm charts to package and deploy the microservices as a group.

• I have implemented CI/CD pipelines using tools like Jenkins or GitLab to automate the deployment process.

• I have monitored the micro...read more

Program to find student names against a subject using stream API

• Create a list of students with their subjects

• Use stream API to filter the list based on the subject

• Map the filtered list to get only the names of students

• Collect the names in a list or any other data structure

• Return the list of names

I would first try to identify the root cause of the fatal error and then take appropriate steps to resolve it.

• Check logs to identify the specific error that caused the process to become unresponsive

• Attempt to restart the process or server to see if that resolves the issue

• If restarting doesn't work, analyze the code for potential bugs or issues causing the error

• Consult with team members or experts for additional insights or solutions

Yes

• LiveData is lifecycle aware and can be used to observe changes in data.

• ViewModel provides a way to store and manage UI-related data across configuration changes.

• ViewModel can hold LiveData objects to provide data to the UI.

• LiveData and ViewModel work together to ensure data consistency and prevent memory leaks.

Design a module in Java to handle requests and responses.

• Create a class to handle incoming requests and process them

• Use interfaces to define request and response structures

• Implement methods to handle different types of requests

• Use libraries like Spring MVC for handling HTTP requests

The different types of controllers in SAP CRM webui include Component Controller, View Controller, Context Controller, and Custom Controller.

• Component Controller: Controls the entire component and manages the context data.

• View Controller: Controls the layout and rendering of the UI elements.

• Context Controller: Manages the context data and communication between controllers.

• Custom Controller: Allows for custom logic and functionality to be implemented.

Azure functions deployment fields in Visual Studio

• Function name

• Trigger type

• Input and output bindings

• Environment variables

• Application settings

• Connection strings

To test printer performance, check print speed, quality, and connectivity.

• Print a test page to check for print speed and quality.

• Print a large document to test for any potential jams or errors.

• Test connectivity by printing from different devices and checking for any connection issues.

• Check ink or toner levels and replace if necessary.

• Test different paper types and sizes to ensure compatibility.

• Check for any software updates or driver issues.

• Perform regular maintenance such as...read more

VO and CO extensions are steps in SAP implementation for customizing business processes.

• VO (View Override) extension is used to modify the standard SAP screens and add custom fields or change the layout.

• CO (Customer Object) extension is used to create custom objects in SAP and link them to standard objects.

• VO and CO extensions are done using the Enhancement Framework in SAP.

• VO and CO extensions are important for customizing SAP to meet specific business requirements.

• Examples ...read more

Multiple inheritances in PHP can be handled using interfaces to achieve a form of multiple inheritance.

• PHP does not support multiple inheritance for classes, but it can be achieved using interfaces.

• Create multiple interfaces with the desired methods and implement them in the class.

• Example: interface Interface1 { public function method1(); } interface Interface2 { public function method2(); } class MyClass implements Interface1, Interface2 { public function method1() { // impl...read more

Static analysis is a process of analyzing code without executing it. Different layers in development require different types of testing.

• Static analysis involves analyzing code without executing it

• Different layers in development require different types of testing

• For the presentation layer, testing can include checking for UI/UX issues, accessibility, and responsiveness

• For the business logic layer, testing can include checking for logical errors, data validation, and security v...read more

Use lambda function to print greater number

• Define a lambda function that takes two parameters

• Use the max() function inside the lambda to compare the two numbers

• Call the lambda function with two numbers to print the greater one

ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) is a safety feature in vehicles that prevents wheels from locking up during braking.

• ABS uses sensors to monitor wheel speed and prevent wheel lock-up.

• When the system detects wheel lock-up, it modulates brake pressure to individual wheels.

• This allows the driver to maintain steering control and reduce stopping distance.

• ABS is particularly useful in emergency braking situations or on slippery surfaces.

• Examples of ABS-equipped vehicles include cars,...read more

Entity Framework is a popular ORM tool for connecting to databases in .NET applications.

• Install Entity Framework NuGet package

• Create a DbContext class that inherits from DbContext

• Specify the connection string in the application's configuration file

• Use the DbContext to query and manipulate data from the database

Different ways to implement and break Singleton pattern.

• Implement: Eager initialization, Lazy initialization, Thread-safe initialization, Bill Pugh Singleton Implementation

• Break: Reflection, Serialization/Deserialization, Cloning, Multithreading

• Example: Eager initialization - private static final Singleton instance = new Singleton();

• Example: Reflection - Constructor constructor = Singleton.class.getDeclaredConstructor(); constructor.setAccessible(true); Singleton instance2 = ...read more

There is no limit to the number of EIPs that can be created for an AWS account.

• EIPs can be created and associated with instances in any region.

• However, there may be limits on the number of EIPs that can be used in a specific region.

• It is recommended to use Elastic Load Balancing or AWS Global Accelerator instead of EIPs for better scalability and availability.

JWT tokens are implemented and validated using a combination of server-side and client-side code.

• The server generates a JWT token and sends it to the client upon successful authentication.

• The client stores the token in local storage or a cookie.

• For each subsequent request, the client sends the token in the Authorization header.

• The server verifies the token's signature and expiration time before processing the request.

• If the token is invalid or expired, the server returns a 40...read more

Proxy design pattern is a structural pattern that provides a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it.

• Used to provide a level of indirection when accessing an object

• Can be used to implement lazy loading, caching, access control, etc.

• Example: Magento 2 uses proxy pattern to load product data only when it is needed

• Example: Proxy pattern can be used to restrict access to sensitive data or resources

In case of delayed food delivery, the food delivery company should take prompt actions to rectify the situation and compensate the customer.

• Apologize to the customer for the delay and inconvenience caused.

• Offer a discount or a free meal to the customer as compensation.

• Ensure that the food is delivered as soon as possible and in good condition.

• Investigate the cause of the delay and take measures to prevent it from happening again.

• Maintain good communication with the customer t...read more

Collections framework is a set of classes and interfaces that provide a way to store and manipulate groups of objects in Java.

• It includes interfaces like List, Set, and Map

• It provides implementations of these interfaces like ArrayList, HashSet, and HashMap

• It allows for easy manipulation and sorting of collections

• It is part of the Java Collections API

• Example: List names = new ArrayList<>();

• Example: Map ages = new HashMap<>();