30+ System Engineer Hardware Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Counting letter-pairs with same no. of letters left between them in the word SERVANT.

• Identify the letter-pairs in the word SERVANT.

• Count the number of letters between each pair.

• Compare the count with the position of the pair in the word.

• If they match, increment the count of such pairs.

• Answer the total count of such pairs.

List and tuple are both data structures in Python, but they have some differences.

• Lists are mutable, while tuples are immutable.

• Lists use square brackets [], while tuples use parentheses ().

• Lists are typically used for collections of homogeneous items, while tuples are used for heterogeneous items.

• Lists are usually used for sequences that will be modified, while tuples are used for sequences that will not be modified.

• Lists have more built-in methods than tuples.

No, continue statement can only be used inside loops.

• The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of a loop.

• It cannot be used outside of a loop as there is no iteration to skip.

• Attempting to use continue outside of a loop will result in a syntax error.

Data hiding is hiding the implementation details while abstraction is hiding the complexity of the system.

• Data hiding is a technique to hide the implementation details of a class from the outside world.

• Abstraction is a technique to hide the complexity of the system by providing a simplified interface.

• Data hiding is achieved through access modifiers like private, protected, and public.

• Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces.

• Data hiding is used to preven...read more

ACID properties are a set of properties that ensure reliability and consistency of data in a database.

• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

• Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work.

• Consistency ensures that the database remains in a valid state before and after a transaction.

• Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other.

• Durability ensures that once a transaction is commit...read more

Servlets are used for server-side processing and JSP for presentation. Both have their own advantages.

• Servlets are used for handling complex business logic and database operations.

• JSP is used for presentation and displaying dynamic content.

• Servlets are faster than JSP as they do not involve the overhead of rendering HTML.

• Servlets can be used to handle multiple requests simultaneously.

• JSP can be used for rapid development of web pages.

• Servlets can be used to create RESTful web...read more

Global variables are accessible throughout the program, while local variables are only accessible within a specific function.

• Global variables can be accessed and modified by any function or module in the program.

• Local variables are declared within a specific function and can only be accessed within that function.

• Global variables can cause naming conflicts and make debugging difficult.

• Local variables are preferred for their encapsulation and reduced risk of naming conflicts.

The life cycle of a servlet includes initialization, service, and destruction.

• Servlet is initialized by calling its init() method

• Servlet handles client requests in its service() method

• Servlet is destroyed by calling its destroy() method

• Examples of servlet containers include Tomcat and Jetty

Pass statement skips the current iteration and continue statement skips the current iteration and moves to the next one.

• Pass statement is used to do nothing and move to the next iteration in a loop.

• Continue statement is used to skip the current iteration and move to the next one in a loop.

• Pass statement is used when a statement is required syntactically but no action is needed.

• Continue statement is used when a condition is met and the current iteration needs to be skipped.

DELETE is a SQL command used to remove rows from a table.

• DELETE is used with the WHERE clause to specify which rows to remove

• It can also be used with JOIN to delete rows from multiple tables

• The deleted rows can be recovered using the ROLLBACK command

Code for infinite loop and prime number check

• For infinite loop: while(1) { //code }

• For prime number check: bool isPrime(int n) { for(int i=2; i<=sqrt(n); i++) { if(n%i == 0) return false; } return true; }

• Infinite loop can be used for continuous monitoring or background tasks

• Prime number check is useful in cryptography and number theory

OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming that help in designing and implementing software systems.

• Encapsulation: bundling of data and methods that operate on that data

• Inheritance: creating new classes from existing ones

• Polymorphism: ability of objects to take on multiple forms

• Abstraction: hiding implementation details and showing only functionality

• Examples: Java, C++, Python, Ruby

Place by value passes a copy of the value, while place by reference passes a reference to the original value.

• Place by value creates a new copy of the value, while place by reference uses the original value.

• Place by value is used for simple data types like integers and floats, while place by reference is used for complex data types like arrays and objects.

• An example of place by value is passing an integer to a function, while an example of place by reference is passing an arra...read more

OOPs principles are encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details from the user.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors.

• Abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details from the user.

• Objects are instances of classes that contain data and behavior.

• Classes are templates for creating objects wit...read more

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPS is based on four main concepts: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same...read more

Polymorphism refers to the ability of an object to take on many forms. There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time and runtime.

• Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through function overloading and operator overloading.

• Runtime polymorphism is achieved through virtual functions and function overriding.

• Example of compile-time polymorphism: function overloading - multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Example of runtime polymorphism: virtual functio...read more

I have worked on a keyword-driven automation framework using Selenium and TestNG.

• Used Excel sheets to store test data and keywords

• Implemented reusable functions for common actions

• Integrated with Jenkins for continuous integration

• Supported parallel execution for faster testing

Scrum is an agile framework for managing and completing complex projects.

• Scrum involves a team working together to complete a project in short iterations called sprints.

• The team has daily stand-up meetings to discuss progress and plan for the day.

• Scrum emphasizes flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements.

• The product owner prioritizes the backlog of work and the team works to complete the highest priority items first.

• Scrum includes roles such as the Scrum Master, P...read more

Automation testing frameworks streamline the testing process, enhancing efficiency and accuracy in software development.

• 1. **Data-Driven Framework**: Separates test scripts from test data, allowing for multiple data sets. Example: Apache POI for Excel data.

• 2. **Keyword-Driven Framework**: Uses keywords to represent actions, making it easier for non-technical users. Example: Selenium with Cucumber.

• 3. **Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)**: Focuses on the behavior of the applica...read more

A program to calculate factorial of a number.

• Take input from user

• Use a loop to multiply the number with all the numbers less than it

• Print the result

Java and C++ are object-oriented languages while C is a procedural language.

• Java and C++ have built-in support for object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

• C++ allows for low-level memory manipulation and has better performance than Java.

• C is a procedural language and lacks the object-oriented features of Java and C++.

• C is commonly used for system programming and embedded systems.

• Java is platform-independent while C++ and C are pl...read more

init() method initializes an object or a class.

• init() method is used to initialize an object or a class.

• It is called automatically when an object is created.

• It can be used to set default values for object properties.

• It can also be used to perform any necessary setup operations.

• Example: __init__() method in Python.

• Example: init() method in Java.

• Example: viewDidLoad() method in iOS development.

C++ supports multiple inheritance while Java supports single inheritance.

• C++ allows a class to inherit from multiple classes, while Java only allows a class to inherit from one class.

• Java uses interfaces to achieve multiple inheritance-like behavior.

• C++ inheritance is more flexible but can lead to ambiguity and complexity, while Java's single inheritance simplifies the design.

• Example: C++ - class B: public A, public C; Java - class B extends A;

• Example: Java - interface C { vo...read more

An airplane flies due to the principles of aerodynamics and the use of engines to generate thrust.

• Airplanes generate lift through the shape of their wings and the Bernoulli's principle.

• Thrust is generated by the engines, which propel the airplane forward.

• The airplane's weight is counteracted by the lift generated by the wings.

• Control surfaces such as ailerons, elevators, and rudder are used to control the airplane's movement.

• Pilots use instruments and controls to monitor and ...read more

Stack, Queue, and Binary Search are common data structures used in computer science.

• Stack: Last In First Out (LIFO) data structure. Example: Undo/Redo feature in a text editor.

• Queue: First In First Out (FIFO) data structure. Example: Print queue in a printer.

• Binary Search: Efficient search algorithm for sorted arrays. Example: Searching for a word in a dictionary.

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. It is a process used to design, develop, and maintain software systems.

• SDLC is a structured approach to software development.

• It consists of several phases including requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Each phase has specific activities and deliverables.

• SDLC helps ensure that software is developed efficiently, meets user requirements, and is of high quality.

• Examples of SDLC models include...read more

The Agile model is a flexible software development approach emphasizing iterative progress and collaboration.

• Focuses on iterative development, allowing for frequent reassessment and adaptation.

• Encourages collaboration between cross-functional teams, including developers, testers, and stakeholders.

• Utilizes short development cycles called 'sprints' to deliver small, functional increments of the product.

• Promotes customer feedback and involvement throughout the development proces...read more