System Engineer Hardware
20+ System Engineer Hardware Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers
Q1. How many such letter-pairs are there in the word SERVANT, having the same no. of letters left between them in the word as they have in the series?
Counting letter-pairs with same no. of letters left between them in the word SERVANT.
Identify the letter-pairs in the word SERVANT.
Count the number of letters between each pair.
Compare the count with the position of the pair in the word.
If they match, increment the count of such pairs.
Answer the total count of such pairs.
Q2. What is the difference between list and tuple (in python)?
List and tuple are both data structures in Python, but they have some differences.
Lists are mutable, while tuples are immutable.
Lists use square brackets [], while tuples use parentheses ().
Lists are typically used for collections of homogeneous items, while tuples are used for heterogeneous items.
Lists are usually used for sequences that will be modified, while tuples are used for sequences that will not be modified.
Lists have more built-in methods than tuples.
Q3. Can we use a continue statement outside loops?
No, continue statement can only be used inside loops.
The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of a loop.
It cannot be used outside of a loop as there is no iteration to skip.
Attempting to use continue outside of a loop will result in a syntax error.
Q4. Describe difference between data hiding and abstraction.
Data hiding is hiding the implementation details while abstraction is hiding the complexity of the system.
Data hiding is a technique to hide the implementation details of a class from the outside world.
Abstraction is a technique to hide the complexity of the system by providing a simplified interface.
Data hiding is achieved through access modifiers like private, protected, and public.
Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces.
Data hiding is used to preven...read more
Q5. What is Referential integrity Constant in DBMS(foreign key primary key concepts)?
Referential integrity constant ensures that a foreign key value always refers to an existing primary key value.
It maintains consistency between related tables
It prevents orphaned records
It enforces data integrity
Example: A foreign key in the Orders table refers to the primary key in the Customers table
Q6. What are ACID properties in DBMS?
ACID properties are a set of properties that ensure reliability and consistency of data in a database.
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work.
Consistency ensures that the database remains in a valid state before and after a transaction.
Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other.
Durability ensures that once a transaction is commit...read more
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Q7. Why do we use Servlet over JSP even if JSP have added advantage ?
Servlets are used for server-side processing and JSP for presentation. Both have their own advantages.
Servlets are used for handling complex business logic and database operations.
JSP is used for presentation and displaying dynamic content.
Servlets are faster than JSP as they do not involve the overhead of rendering HTML.
Servlets can be used to handle multiple requests simultaneously.
JSP can be used for rapid development of web pages.
Servlets can be used to create RESTful web...read more
Q8. What do you mean by static variable?
Static variable is a variable that retains its value even after the function execution is completed.
Static variables are declared inside a function with the keyword 'static'.
They are initialized only once and retain their value throughout the program.
They have a default value of 0 if not initialized explicitly.
They are useful in situations where we need to maintain the state of a variable across function calls.
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Q9. What is Global and local variables?
Global variables are accessible throughout the program, while local variables are only accessible within a specific function.
Global variables can be accessed and modified by any function or module in the program.
Local variables are declared within a specific function and can only be accessed within that function.
Global variables can cause naming conflicts and make debugging difficult.
Local variables are preferred for their encapsulation and reduced risk of naming conflicts.
Q10. Difference between Pass and continue statement.
Pass statement skips the current iteration and continue statement skips the current iteration and moves to the next one.
Pass statement is used to do nothing and move to the next iteration in a loop.
Continue statement is used to skip the current iteration and move to the next one in a loop.
Pass statement is used when a statement is required syntactically but no action is needed.
Continue statement is used when a condition is met and the current iteration needs to be skipped.
Q11. What is Delete in SQL?
DELETE is a SQL command used to remove rows from a table.
DELETE is used with the WHERE clause to specify which rows to remove
It can also be used with JOIN to delete rows from multiple tables
The deleted rows can be recovered using the ROLLBACK command
Q12. How can I learn python? consider I'm a newbie
Learning Python as a newbie
Start with basic syntax and data types
Practice coding exercises and challenges
Read documentation and watch tutorials
Join online communities and forums for support
Work on personal projects to apply knowledge
Q13. Write code for infinite loop and write code for prime num ...!
Code for infinite loop and prime number check
For infinite loop: while(1) { //code }
For prime number check: bool isPrime(int n) { for(int i=2; i<=sqrt(n); i++) { if(n%i == 0) return false; } return true; }
Infinite loop can be used for continuous monitoring or background tasks
Prime number check is useful in cryptography and number theory
Q14. What are OOPs concepts?
OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming that help in designing and implementing software systems.
Encapsulation: bundling of data and methods that operate on that data
Inheritance: creating new classes from existing ones
Polymorphism: ability of objects to take on multiple forms
Abstraction: hiding implementation details and showing only functionality
Examples: Java, C++, Python, Ruby
Q15. Difference between Place by value and place by reference.
Place by value passes a copy of the value, while place by reference passes a reference to the original value.
Place by value creates a new copy of the value, while place by reference uses the original value.
Place by value is used for simple data types like integers and floats, while place by reference is used for complex data types like arrays and objects.
An example of place by value is passing an integer to a function, while an example of place by reference is passing an arra...read more
Q16. Tell me about principles of OOPs
OOPs principles are encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details from the user.
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.
Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors.
Abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details from the user.
Objects are instances of classes that contain data and behavior.
Classes are templates for creating objects wit...read more
Q17. What is OOPS concept?
OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.
OOPS is based on four main concepts: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world.
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.
Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same...read more
Q18. Types of polymorphism?
Polymorphism refers to the ability of an object to take on many forms. There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time and runtime.
Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through function overloading and operator overloading.
Runtime polymorphism is achieved through virtual functions and function overriding.
Example of compile-time polymorphism: function overloading - multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.
Example of runtime polymorphism: virtual functio...read more
Q19. Explain automation framework that you have worked on.
I have worked on a keyword-driven automation framework using Selenium and TestNG.
Used Excel sheets to store test data and keywords
Implemented reusable functions for common actions
Integrated with Jenkins for continuous integration
Supported parallel execution for faster testing
Q20. What is Scrum?
Scrum is an agile framework for managing and completing complex projects.
Scrum involves a team working together to complete a project in short iterations called sprints.
The team has daily stand-up meetings to discuss progress and plan for the day.
Scrum emphasizes flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements.
The product owner prioritizes the backlog of work and the team works to complete the highest priority items first.
Scrum includes roles such as the Scrum Master, P...read more
Q21. Write a program of factorial
A program to calculate factorial of a number.
Take input from user
Use a loop to multiply the number with all the numbers less than it
Print the result
Q22. Difference between Java or C++ and C
Java and C++ are object-oriented languages while C is a procedural language.
Java and C++ have built-in support for object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
C++ allows for low-level memory manipulation and has better performance than Java.
C is a procedural language and lacks the object-oriented features of Java and C++.
C is commonly used for system programming and embedded systems.
Java is platform-independent while C++ and C are pl...read more
Q23. What does init() method do ?
init() method initializes an object or a class.
init() method is used to initialize an object or a class.
It is called automatically when an object is created.
It can be used to set default values for object properties.
It can also be used to perform any necessary setup operations.
Example: __init__() method in Python.
Example: init() method in Java.
Example: viewDidLoad() method in iOS development.
Q24. Difference between C++ and Java in inheritance
C++ supports multiple inheritance while Java supports single inheritance.
C++ allows a class to inherit from multiple classes, while Java only allows a class to inherit from one class.
Java uses interfaces to achieve multiple inheritance-like behavior.
C++ inheritance is more flexible but can lead to ambiguity and complexity, while Java's single inheritance simplifies the design.
Example: C++ - class B: public A, public C; Java - class B extends A;
Example: Java - interface C { vo...read more
Q25. How aeroplane flies?
An airplane flies due to the principles of aerodynamics and the use of engines to generate thrust.
Airplanes generate lift through the shape of their wings and the Bernoulli's principle.
Thrust is generated by the engines, which propel the airplane forward.
The airplane's weight is counteracted by the lift generated by the wings.
Control surfaces such as ailerons, elevators, and rudder are used to control the airplane's movement.
Pilots use instruments and controls to monitor and ...read more
Q26. Real life example of Stack ,Queue, Binary Search.
Stack, Queue, and Binary Search are common data structures used in computer science.
Stack: Last In First Out (LIFO) data structure. Example: Undo/Redo feature in a text editor.
Queue: First In First Out (FIFO) data structure. Example: Print queue in a printer.
Binary Search: Efficient search algorithm for sorted arrays. Example: Searching for a word in a dictionary.
Q27. What is SDLC?
SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. It is a process used to design, develop, and maintain software systems.
SDLC is a structured approach to software development.
It consists of several phases including requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance.
Each phase has specific activities and deliverables.
SDLC helps ensure that software is developed efficiently, meets user requirements, and is of high quality.
Examples of SDLC models include...read more
Q28. What is oops
OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm that uses objects to design applications.
OOPs is based on the concept of classes and objects
It focuses on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism
It allows for modular and reusable code
Examples of OOPs languages include Java, C++, and Python
Q29. Explain Java 8 Features
Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.
Lambda expressions allow you to write code in a more concise way.
Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method, used for lambda expressions.
Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements.
Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.
Example: Lambda expression - (a, b) -> a + b
Example: Functional interface - C...read more
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