700+ Softwaretest Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Questions related to OOPS, data structures, DBMS, and SDLC models.

• OOPS concept refers to the principles of object-oriented programming such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Array is a static data structure while linked list is a dynamic data structure.

• DBMS stands for Database Management System which is a software system used to manage and organize data.

• DDL (Data Definition Language) is used to define the database schema while DML (Data Manipulation Language) is...read more

An array is a data structure that stores a collection of elements of the same type in a contiguous memory location.

• Arrays are declared by specifying the data type of the elements and the number of elements in square brackets.

• Example: String[] names = new String[5];

• Elements in an array can be accessed using their index, starting from 0.

• Example: String firstElement = names[0];

API testing is testing the APIs directly to ensure they meet functionality, reliability, performance, and security requirements.

• Understand the API documentation to identify endpoints, parameters, and expected responses

• Create test cases to validate input/output data, error handling, and authentication

• Use tools like Postman or SoapUI to send requests and verify responses

• Perform functional, performance, security, and integration testing on APIs

• Automate API tests to run continuou...read more

To report a bug in Jira, follow these steps:

• Click on the 'Create' button in the top navigation bar

• Select 'Bug' as the issue type

• Fill in the required fields such as summary, description, and priority

• Attach any relevant files or screenshots

• Click 'Create' to submit the bug report

Sanity testing and Smoke testing are types of software testing performed to check the basic functionality of the application.

• Smoke testing is a type of testing that checks whether the critical functionalities of the application are working fine or not.

• Sanity testing is a type of testing that checks whether the bugs reported earlier have been fixed or not.

• Smoke testing is performed after the build is received from the development team, whereas sanity testing is performed after...read more

Manual testing is important for exploratory testing, usability testing, and ad-hoc testing.

• Manual testing allows for exploratory testing where testers can explore the application and identify unexpected issues.

• Usability testing, which involves real users interacting with the software, is best done manually to capture user experience.

• Ad-hoc testing, where testers randomly test the application without predefined test cases, is more effective when done manually.

• Manual testing is...read more

Loops are used to execute a set of instructions repeatedly until a certain condition is met.

• For loop: executes a block of code a fixed number of times

• While loop: executes a block of code as long as the specified condition is true

• Do-while loop: executes a block of code at least once, then repeats the loop as long as the specified condition is true

• Foreach loop: used to iterate over elements of an array or collection

• Nested loops: loops inside another loop

Answering questions related to Infotainment, spam analysis in Gmail, Java palindrome, and basic testing.

• Infotainment refers to the integration of information and entertainment in a system, such as in-car entertainment systems.

• To analyze spam in Gmail, one can use filters and labels to segregate them from important emails.

• Java palindrome is a string that reads the same backward as forward. One can check for palindrome by comparing the string with its reverse.

• Basic testing invo...read more

Retesting is testing the same functionality again after fixing the defects. Regression testing is testing the entire system after changes.

• Retesting ensures that the defects have been fixed and the functionality is working as expected.

• Regression testing ensures that the changes made to the system have not affected the existing functionality.

• Defect tracking tool is used to track and manage defects found during testing.

• SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is the process of dev...read more

Middlewares are software components that act as a bridge between different applications or systems, allowing them to communicate and share data.

• Middlewares are commonly used in web development to handle requests and responses between the client and server.

• They can be used to perform tasks such as authentication, logging, error handling, and data parsing.

• To write a custom middleware, you need to create a function that takes in the request, response, and next function as parame...read more

ASP.NET Core is a cross-platform, open-source framework for building modern, cloud-based, internet-connected applications.

• ASP.NET Core is cross-platform while ASP.NET is Windows-only

• ASP.NET Core is open-source while ASP.NET is proprietary

• ASP.NET Core has a modular architecture while ASP.NET is monolithic

• ASP.NET Core has better performance and scalability than ASP.NET

• ASP.NET Core supports dependency injection out of the box while ASP.NET requires third-party libraries

• ASP.NET C...read more

Convert a string from camel case to snake case.

• Split the camel case string into words based on uppercase letters.

• Convert each word to lowercase and separate them with underscores.

• Join the words back together with underscores to form the snake case string.

A hash set stores unique elements using a hash function for efficient retrieval.

• Hash set stores unique elements based on their hash code

• Employee object must have proper hashCode() and equals() methods implemented

• Example: HashSet employeeSet = new HashSet<>();

Manual testing is done by humans, while automation testing is done using tools and scripts.

• Manual testing is time-consuming and prone to human error, while automation testing is faster and more reliable.

• Manual testing is suitable for exploratory testing and ad-hoc testing, while automation testing is ideal for repetitive tasks and regression testing.

• Manual testing requires human intervention for each test case, while automation testing can be scheduled to run unattended.

• Manua...read more

Interview questions for Software Test Engineer position

• Project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product or service

• Agile methodology is an iterative approach to software development

• Agile work involves continuous collaboration, flexibility, and adaptability

• XPath is a language used to navigate XML documents

• Screenshots can be taken using built-in functions or third-party tools

• Test cases are specific scenarios designed to test a particular aspect of the software

• Java ques...read more

Exception handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors in a program to prevent crashes and ensure graceful error recovery.

• Allows for graceful handling of runtime errors

• Prevents program crashes

• Ensures proper error recovery

• Helps in debugging and maintaining code

• Examples: try-catch blocks in Java, catch blocks in C++

An interface is a contract that specifies the methods that a class must implement. Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated.

• An interface can only have abstract methods and constants, while an abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces, but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and provide loose coupling, while abstract classes are used to provide a common b...read more

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language used for developing applications and software.

• Java is platform-independent, meaning it can run on any operating system

• It is known for its security features and is commonly used for developing web and mobile applications

• Java code is compiled into bytecode, which can be run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• Java has a vast library of pre-built classes and methods that can be used to simplify programming tasks

To prevent a function from being made an object, use the 'static' keyword in the function declaration.

• Declare the function as 'static' to make it only accessible within its own source file.

• Static functions cannot be called using an object of the class.

• Example: 'static void myFunction() {}'

Use IS NULL or = '' to find NULL or BLANK values in SQL

• Use IS NULL to find NULL values in a column

• Use = '' to find BLANK values in a column

• Example: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name IS NULL OR column_name = ''

Use SQL query with GROUP BY and HAVING clause to delete duplicate values

• Use GROUP BY clause to group the records based on the columns that should not have duplicates

• Use HAVING clause to filter out the groups that have more than one record

• Use DELETE statement to remove the duplicate records

SQL query to find duplicate values in a scenario

• Use the GROUP BY clause to group the values

• Use the HAVING clause to filter out groups with count greater than 1

• Select the columns with duplicate values

The candidate is asked to write the outputs for all joins from a given scenario.

• Inner join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table

• Full outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in either table

I approach test planning by analyzing requirements, identifying test scenarios, prioritizing test cases, and designing test cases based on boundary values and equivalence partitioning.

• Analyze requirements to understand the scope of testing

• Identify test scenarios based on different functionalities or features

• Prioritize test cases based on risk, impact, and importance

• Design test cases using techniques like boundary values and equivalence partitioning

• Review and refine test cases...read more

To cut a cake into 8 equal parts using 3 cuts, make two cuts horizontally and one cut vertically through the center.

• Make two cuts horizontally to divide the cake into 4 equal parts.

• Then make one vertical cut through the center to divide each half into 2 equal parts.

• You will have 8 equal parts of the cake with 3 cuts in total.

Yes, WordPress can handle a large user base with proper optimization and scalability.

• WordPress can handle large user bases with proper server configuration and caching mechanisms.

• Optimizing database queries and using efficient plugins can improve performance for large user bases.

• Examples of large websites using WordPress include TechCrunch, The New Yorker, and BBC America.

Method overriding involves creating a new implementation of a method in a subclass, while method overloading involves creating multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in the same class.

• Method overriding is used to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its superclass.

• Method overloading is used to create multiple methods with the same name but different parameters within the same class.

• In method overriding, the method sig...read more

The equivalent of ReactDOM in mobile application development is React Native.

• React Native is a framework for building mobile applications using React.

• It allows developers to write code in JavaScript and render native components.

• Just like ReactDOM in web development, React Native handles rendering components to the screen.

SQL databases are relational databases with structured data, while NoSQL databases are non-relational databases with flexible, unstructured data.

• SQL databases use structured query language for defining and manipulating data, while NoSQL databases use different query languages or APIs.

• SQL databases are table-based, with a predefined schema, while NoSQL databases are document, key-value, wide-column, or graph-based.

• SQL databases are good for complex queries and transactions, wh...read more

System testing focuses on testing the entire system as a whole, while system integration testing focuses on testing the interactions between integrated components.

• System testing ensures that the entire system meets the specified requirements and functions correctly.

• System integration testing focuses on testing the interfaces and interactions between integrated components to ensure they work together seamlessly.

• System testing is performed after integration testing to validate ...read more

Static variables are shared across all instances of a class while non-static variables are unique to each instance.

• Static variables are declared with the 'static' keyword while non-static variables are not.

• Static variables are initialized only once, at the start of the program, while non-static variables are initialized each time an instance of the class is created.

• Static variables can be accessed using the class name while non-static variables can only be accessed using an i...read more

High priority means the issue needs to be fixed immediately, while low severity means the issue has minimal impact on the system.

• High priority issues are critical and can cause system failure or data loss

• Low severity issues are minor and do not affect the system's functionality

• Example of high priority and low severity issue: A critical security vulnerability is high priority but low severity because it has not yet been exploited

• Example of low priority and high severity issue:...read more

Implemented OOPS concepts in framework by creating classes, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

• Created classes for different modules in the framework

• Used inheritance to reuse code and create parent-child relationships

• Implemented encapsulation by hiding internal details of classes

• Utilized polymorphism to allow objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass

Functional testing checks if the system meets requirements while non-functional testing checks system performance.

• Functional testing checks if the system meets requirements while non-functional testing checks system performance.

• Functional testing is concerned with what the system does while non-functional testing is concerned with how well the system does it.

• Functional testing includes unit testing, integration testing, and system testing while non-functional testing includes...read more

Design pattern is a reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design.

• Design patterns provide a standard terminology and are proven solutions to recurring problems.

• Types of design patterns include creational, structural, and behavioral patterns.

• Creational patterns deal with object creation mechanisms, such as Singleton and Factory Method.

• Structural patterns deal with object composition, such as Adapter and Facade.

• Behavioral patterns deal with communication ...read more

Regression testing is the process of retesting modified software to ensure that the existing functionalities are not affected.

• Regression testing is performed after making changes to the software to ensure that the existing functionalities still work as expected.

• It helps in identifying any new bugs or issues introduced due to the changes made.

• Regression testing can be done manually or using automated testing tools.

• It is an important part of the software testing process to main...read more

Generate all permutations of a string of length n within a string of length m.

• Use recursion to generate all possible permutations of the string of length n.

• Iterate through the string of length m and insert the permutations at different positions.

• Return an array of strings containing all permutations of the string of length n within the string of length m.

To reverse a string with spaces present in the same position, we can split the string by spaces, reverse each word, and then join them back together.

• Split the string by spaces to get individual words

• Reverse each word

• Join the reversed words back together with spaces in between

Linked lists are data structures where each element points to the next element, forming a chain.

• Linked lists consist of nodes, where each node contains data and a reference to the next node.

• Example: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> null

• Linked lists allow for dynamic memory allocation and efficient insertion/deletion operations.

Set operators are used in SQL to perform operations on sets of data, such as union, intersect, and except.

• Union - combines the results of two or more SELECT statements, removing duplicates

• Intersect - returns the common rows between two SELECT statements

• Except - returns the rows that are in the first SELECT statement but not in the second SELECT statement

The statement initializes a WebDriver object for Firefox browser testing.

• Initializes a WebDriver object specifically for Firefox browser

• Used for automating tests on Firefox browser

• Can be used to interact with elements on web pages

Find and sum numbers in a string

• Iterate through each character in the string

• Check if the character is a digit

• If digit, convert to integer and add to sum

To find the middle node in a linked list, use the slow and fast pointer approach.

• Initialize two pointers, slow and fast, at the head of the linked list.

• Move the slow pointer by one node and the fast pointer by two nodes until the fast pointer reaches the end of the list.

• The node pointed to by the slow pointer at this point will be the middle node.

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Kubernetes is used to manage containerized applications across multiple hosts.

• It automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Kubernetes provides features like load balancing, self-healing, and rolling updates.

• It makes it easier to manage and scale containerized applications.

• Kubernetes is different from D...read more

Integration of Excel in JMeter can be done using the Apache POI library.

• Download and add the Apache POI library to JMeter's classpath.

• Create a Test Plan and add a Thread Group.

• Add a Sampler and choose the appropriate request type.

• Add a Listener and choose the appropriate output format.

• Use the POI classes to read or write data to Excel files.

• Use JMeter variables to pass data between requests.

The types of locators used in Cypress are CSS selectors, XPath selectors, and custom locators.

• CSS selectors are the most commonly used locators in Cypress and are used to select elements based on their attributes, classes, or IDs.

• XPath selectors are used to locate elements based on their position in the HTML document or their attributes.

• Custom locators can be created using Cypress commands like 'get' and 'contains' to find elements based on specific criteria.

We used a combination of black box and white box testing techniques in our project.

• Black box testing: Testing the functionality of the software without knowledge of its internal structure.

• White box testing: Testing the internal structure and implementation of the software.

• Example: For black box testing, we created test cases based on the software requirements and validated the expected outputs. For white box testing, we performed code reviews and used techniques like statemen...read more