70+ Softwaretest Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Answering questions related to software testing, algorithms, and object-oriented programming concepts.

• To print the frequency of each alphabet in a string, create a hashmap to store the count of each alphabet.

• To swap two numbers using constant space, use XOR operation: a = a ^ b, b = a ^ b, a = a ^ b.

• Abstraction is hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary features. Encapsulation is bundling data and methods into a single unit. Polymorphism allows object...read more

Answers to common questions asked in a Software Test Engineer interview

• Software testing is necessary to ensure the quality, reliability, and performance of software applications

• Regression testing is re-testing of a software application to ensure that new code changes have not adversely affected existing functionality

• RTM (Requirement Traceability Matrix) is used to trace requirements throughout the software development and testing process

• The owner of a rejected bug is typicall...read more

No, different methods are required for different operations in API.

• Different methods are required for different HTTP verbs like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.

• Methods should be designed to perform specific actions like fetching data, updating data, etc.

• Using a single method for all operations can lead to confusion and errors.

• For example, using GET method for updating data can cause security issues.

Critical section is a code segment that should not be executed by multiple threads simultaneously. Solution is to use synchronization techniques.

• Critical section is a part of code that should be executed by only one thread at a time

• Multiple threads accessing critical section can lead to race conditions and data inconsistency

• Synchronization techniques like locks, semaphores, and monitors can be used to ensure mutual exclusion

• Locks can be used to acquire and release access to c...read more

Retesting is testing the same functionality again after fixing the defects. Regression testing is testing the entire system after changes.

• Retesting ensures that the defects have been fixed and the functionality is working as expected.

• Regression testing ensures that the changes made to the system have not affected the existing functionality.

• Defect tracking tool is used to track and manage defects found during testing.

• SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is the process of dev...read more

Interview questions for Software Test Engineer position

• Project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product or service

• Agile methodology is an iterative approach to software development

• Agile work involves continuous collaboration, flexibility, and adaptability

• XPath is a language used to navigate XML documents

• Screenshots can be taken using built-in functions or third-party tools

• Test cases are specific scenarios designed to test a particular aspect of the software

• Java ques...read more

To prevent a function from being made an object, use the 'static' keyword in the function declaration.

• Declare the function as 'static' to make it only accessible within its own source file.

• Static functions cannot be called using an object of the class.

• Example: 'static void myFunction() {}'

Integration of Excel in JMeter can be done using the Apache POI library.

• Download and add the Apache POI library to JMeter's classpath.

• Create a Test Plan and add a Thread Group.

• Add a Sampler and choose the appropriate request type.

• Add a Listener and choose the appropriate output format.

• Use the POI classes to read or write data to Excel files.

• Use JMeter variables to pass data between requests.

Selenium IDE supports Firefox browser only.

• Selenium IDE is a Firefox plugin.

• It records and plays back user interactions with the Firefox browser.

• It does not support other browsers like Chrome, Safari, etc.

Prod function testing is to verify the functionality of the software while GUI based testing is to test the user interface.

• Prod function testing checks the functionality of the software without considering the user interface

• GUI based testing checks the user interface of the software

• Prod function testing is usually done by developers while GUI based testing is done by testers

• Examples of Prod function testing include unit testing and integration testing

• Examples of GUI based tes...read more

Singleton class is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to only one object.

• Singleton class ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• It is often used in scenarios where only a single instance of a class is needed, such as for logging, database connections, or configuration settings.

• Example: Implementing a singleton class in Java involves creating a private static instance of the class and providing a public ...read more

Java is a popular object-oriented programming language used for developing various applications.

• Java is platform-independent and can run on any operating system

• It is used for developing web, mobile, and desktop applications

• Java is known for its security features and is widely used in enterprise applications

• The Java compiler is the piiler of the Java programming language

Implement a function to check if an integer is a palindrome.

• Convert integer to string and check if it's equal to its reverse

• Use modulo operator to extract digits from the integer and compare them

• Handle negative integers by returning false

• Handle single digit integers by returning true

Manual testing in Agile model involves continuous testing throughout the development cycle.

• Manual testing is integrated into the Agile development process

• Test cases are created and executed in each sprint

• Feedback is provided to the development team for quick resolution of issues

• Testers work closely with developers and other stakeholders

• Regression testing is performed regularly to ensure the stability of the product

• Examples: Exploratory testing, acceptance testing, usability t...read more

JMeter is a load testing tool used to measure the performance of web applications.

• JMeter can simulate heavy loads on a server, allowing testers to identify performance bottlenecks.

• It can be used to test the performance of web applications, FTP servers, databases, and more.

• JMeter can generate reports and graphs to help analyze test results.

• It supports various protocols including HTTP, FTP, JDBC, SOAP, and more.

• JMeter can be used for functional testing, regression testing, and ...read more

There are two types of indexes in SQL: clustered and non-clustered.

• Clustered indexes determine the physical order of data in a table.

• Non-clustered indexes create a separate structure that contains a copy of the indexed columns.

• Clustered indexes are faster for retrieving large ranges of data.

• Non-clustered indexes are faster for retrieving small ranges of data or specific values.

• A table can have only one clustered index, but multiple non-clustered indexes.

STLC is a process followed by software testers to ensure high quality software is delivered.

• STLC consists of phases like requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• Each phase has specific goals and deliverables to ensure thorough testing of the software.

• STLC helps in identifying defects early in the software development life cycle, reducing costs and time.

• It ensures that the software meets the specified requirements and is of high quali...read more

I mostly play strategy and puzzle games.

• I enjoy games that challenge my problem-solving skills

• I also like games that require strategic thinking and planning

• Some of my favorite games include Chess, Sudoku, and Civilization

Structures are user-defined data types that group together variables of different data types under a single name.

• Arrays are fixed-size data structures that store elements of the same data type in contiguous memory locations.

• Lists are dynamic data structures that can grow or shrink in size and can store elements of different data types.

• OOP concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, used for creating and structuring web pages.

• HTML is a markup language used to create the structure of web pages

• It consists of elements enclosed in tags, such as <html>, <head>, <body>

• Attributes can be added to elements to provide additional information or functionality, like <img src='image.jpg'>

OSPF is used for interior routing within an autonomous system, while BGP is needed for routing between different autonomous systems.

• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is used for interior routing within a single autonomous system, such as a corporate network.

• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is needed for routing between different autonomous systems, such as connecting multiple networks or ISPs.

• OSPF uses link-state routing algorithm to determine the best path within the same network...read more

SQL is a relational database management system while NoSQL is a non-relational database management system.

• SQL databases are structured and use tables with predefined schema while NoSQL databases are unstructured and use collections or documents.

• SQL databases use SQL language for querying and managing data while NoSQL databases use various query languages like MongoDB's query language.

• SQL databases are vertically scalable while NoSQL databases are horizontally scalable.

• SQL dat...read more

Testing allows me to ensure the quality and reliability of software products before they are released to customers.

• I have a keen eye for detail and enjoy finding bugs and issues in software.

• I believe in the importance of thorough testing to prevent costly errors and ensure customer satisfaction.

• I enjoy the challenge of creating test cases and scenarios to uncover potential issues in software.

• I value the role of testing in the software development lifecycle to improve overall ...read more

Software Testing Life Cycle involves planning, designing, executing, and reporting on tests to ensure quality software.

• 1. Planning phase involves defining test objectives, scope, and resources.

• 2. Design phase includes creating test cases, test data, and test environment setup.

• 3. Execution phase is where tests are run, defects are logged, and retesting is done.

• 4. Reporting phase involves documenting test results, defects, and overall quality assessment.

• 5. Iterative process wit...read more

UI automation can be done using tools like Selenium, Appium, and TestComplete.

• Identify the elements to be automated

• Choose the appropriate tool for the technology stack

• Write test scripts using the tool's API

• Execute the scripts and analyze the results

• Maintain the scripts as the UI changes

Database testing is the process of verifying the data stored in the database and ensuring its accuracy, completeness, and security.

• It involves testing the database schema, data integrity, data validation, and performance.

• Testers use SQL queries to retrieve and manipulate data for testing purposes.

• Database testing can be automated using tools like Selenium, JMeter, and TestComplete.

• Examples of database testing include testing for duplicate records, testing for data consistency...read more

Defect life cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, prioritizing, fixing, and verifying defects in software.

• Defect is identified by testers during testing or reported by users

• Defect is logged in a defect tracking tool with details like severity, priority, etc.

• Defect is assigned to a developer for fixing

• Developer fixes the defect and marks it as resolved

• Tester verifies the fix and either closes the defect or reopens it if the fix is not satisfactory

• Defect is closed onc...read more

Security testing is the process of identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in a software system to prevent unauthorized access.

• It involves testing the system for confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization, and availability.

• Common security testing techniques include penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and risk assessment.

• Examples of security testing tools include Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP, and Nessus.

• Security testing is important to ensure that sensitive...read more

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.

• SDLC is a structured process that consists of several phases such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Each phase in SDLC has its own set of activities and deliverables to ensure the successful completion of the software project.

• Examples of SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, Spiral, and DevOps, e...read more

Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Allows for easier testing by injecting mock dependencies

• Promotes loose coupling between components

• Improves code reusability and maintainability

• Examples: Constructor injection, Setter injection, Interface injection

Functional testing is a type of testing that verifies if the software meets the functional requirements.

• It focuses on testing the functionality of the software

• It is a black box testing technique

• Types of functional testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing

Apache JMeter is an open source software used for load testing, performance testing, and functional testing of web applications.

• It can simulate heavy loads on servers, networks, and objects to test their strength and performance.

• It supports various protocols like HTTP, FTP, JDBC, SOAP, and many more.

• It can generate reports and graphs to analyze the test results.

• It can be used for both static and dynamic resources testing.

• It is highly extensible and customizable with plugins a...read more

Using SQL joins to find the second highest salary in a table.

• Use a self join to compare each row with every other row in the table.

• Order the results by salary in descending order and use LIMIT to get the second highest salary.

Postman is a tool for testing APIs. An API is a set of protocols that allows communication between different software applications.

• Postman allows developers to test APIs by sending requests and receiving responses.

• API stands for Application Programming Interface and is a set of rules that allows different software applications to communicate with each other.

• APIs can be used to retrieve data from a server, update data on a server, or perform other actions.

• Examples of APIs incl...read more

Xpath locator is a way to locate elements in HTML/XML documents using path expressions.

• Xpath is a language used to navigate through elements and attributes in an XML document

• It uses path expressions to select nodes or sets of nodes in an XML document

• Xpath locators can be used in automated testing to locate elements on a web page

• Example: //input[@id='username'] selects the input element with id='username'

Absolute xpath specifies the complete path from the root element to the desired element, while relative xpath starts from the current node.

• Absolute xpath starts with a single forward slash (/) and is more specific.

• Relative xpath starts with a double forward slash (//) and is more flexible.

• Absolute xpath is prone to breakage if the structure of the page changes.

• Relative xpath is easier to maintain as it adapts to changes in the page structure.

• Example of absolute xpath: /html/b...read more

Oops concepts are fundamental principles of object-oriented programming. Real-life example: Car is an object with properties and behaviors.

• Encapsulation: Car has properties like color and behaviors like drive() method.

• Inheritance: SUV class can inherit from Car class and add additional features.

• Polymorphism: Car class can have a method accelerate() which can be overridden in child classes.

• Abstraction: Driver interacts with car's interface without needing to know internal deta...read more

Black box testing is a software testing technique where the internal workings of the system are not known to the tester.

• Tests are performed based on the system's inputs and outputs

• The tester does not have access to the source code or internal structure of the system

• It focuses on the functionality of the system rather than its implementation

• Examples include user acceptance testing, system testing, and regression testing

SQL injection is a type of cyber attack where malicious SQL code is inserted into input fields to manipulate a database.

• SQL injection occurs when an attacker inserts malicious SQL code into a query via input fields on a website.

• It can be used to access, modify, or delete data in a database.

• Preventing SQL injection involves using parameterized queries and input validation.

• Example: Entering ' OR '1'='1' into a login form to bypass authentication.

Selenium IDE supports Firefox browser.

• Selenium IDE is a Firefox plugin used for record and playback of test cases.

• It supports Firefox browser version 55 or below.

• For higher versions, we need to use Selenium WebDriver.

• Selenium IDE can be used for simple test cases, but for complex scenarios, WebDriver is recommended.

Bug life cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, fixing, and verifying software defects.

• Bug is identified by testers or users

• Bug is reported to developers

• Developers fix the bug

• Testers verify the fix

• Bug is closed if verified or reopened if not

• Bug tracking tools are used to manage the process

Implemented automated test scripts using Selenium WebDriver for regression testing of web application.

• Used Selenium WebDriver to automate test cases

• Created test scripts in Java programming language

• Executed test scripts on different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari

• Performed regression testing to ensure the stability of the web application

Actual DOM represents the real structure of the web page, while Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy used for efficient updates.

• Actual DOM is the real structure of the web page that the browser creates from HTML elements.

• Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM used by frameworks like React for efficient updates.

• Changes made to the Virtual DOM are compared with the actual DOM, and only the differences are updated in the real DOM.

• This process helps in improving perform...read more

Exception handling is the process of handling errors or unexpected events that occur during program execution.

• It involves identifying and anticipating potential errors

• Providing a mechanism to handle those errors

• Preventing the program from crashing

• Examples include try-catch blocks, throwing exceptions, and logging errors

To remove an element from a doubly linked list, we need to update the pointers of the previous and next nodes.

• Find the node to be removed

• Update the pointers of the previous and next nodes to skip the node to be removed

• Free the memory occupied by the removed node

STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle which is a process of testing software in a well-planned and systematic way.

• STLC involves planning, designing, executing, and reporting the test cases.

• It includes various stages like requirement analysis, test planning, test case development, test execution, and test closure.

• The main objective of STLC is to ensure that the software product is of high quality, meets the customer requirements, and is defect-free.

• SDLC stands for Softwa...read more

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPs focuses on creating objects that contain both data and functions to manipulate that data.

• It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects of diffe...read more