20+ Junior Resident Doctor Interview Questions and Answers

SARS-CoV-2 is a viral infection causing COVID-19, primarily affecting the respiratory system.

• SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.

• It primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

• The virus enters the body through the nose, mouth, or eyes and attaches to ACE2 receptors in the respiratory tract.

• It can cause a range of symptoms from mild to severe, including fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, ...read more

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide.

• Pathology: Abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the breast tissue.

• Symptoms: Lump in the breast, changes in breast shape, size or skin texture, nipple discharge or pain.

• Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy.

• Example: Angelina Jolie underwent a preventive double mastectomy due to her high risk of developing breast cancer.

The treatment of shortness of breath depends on the underlying cause.

• Identify and treat the underlying cause of shortness of breath

• Administer supplemental oxygen if necessary

• Prescribe medications to relieve symptoms or treat the underlying condition

• Recommend lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking or losing weight

• Refer to a specialist for further evaluation and management if needed

Yes, dexamethasone is useful for treating covid patients.

• Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid medication that has been shown to reduce mortality in severe cases of COVID-19.

• It is particularly effective in patients who require supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation.

• Several clinical trials, including the RECOVERY trial, have demonstrated the benefits of dexamethasone in reducing inflammation and improving outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

• However, it is not recommended for mild...read more

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways.

• Causes: Allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, cold air, stress

• Types: Allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma

• Treatment: Inhalers (bronchodilators, corticosteroids), avoiding triggers, allergy shots, lifestyle changes

• Example: A person with allergic asthma may experience symptoms when exposed to pollen or pet dander.

A pandemic is a global outbreak of a disease, while an endemic refers to the constant presence of a disease in a specific population or region.

• Pandemic: A pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population.

• Endemic: An endemic refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a specific geographic area.

• Pandemics are usually caus...read more

To diagnose the process of stomach ulcer, various methods can be used such as endoscopy, biopsy, imaging tests, and blood tests.

• Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth to examine the stomach lining.

• Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken during endoscopy to check for the presence of H. pylori bacteria or signs of cancer.

• Imaging tests: X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasound may be used to visualize the stomach and identify ulcers.

• Blood tests: These...read more

Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Symptoms include abdominal swelling, weight gain, and shortness of breath.

• Abdominal swelling is the most common symptom of ascites.

• Other symptoms may include weight gain, bloating, and discomfort.

• Patients may experience shortness of breath due to the pressure of the fluid on the diaphragm.

• Treatment options include diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, dietary changes, and in severe cases, paracentesis or surgery.

Management of hypertension and hypotension involves lifestyle modifications, medication, and regular monitoring.

• For hypertension, lifestyle modifications include a healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, and stress reduction.

• Medication options for hypertension include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin receptor blockers.

• Regular monitoring of blood pressure is essential to assess the effectiveness of treatment and mak...read more

Surgical sutures made of non-absorbable material like nylon or silk are used to stitch an injury in the scalp.

• Non-absorbable sutures like nylon or silk are preferred

• Absorbable sutures are not used as scalp wounds take longer to heal

• Sutures should be placed at a distance of 3-5mm from the wound edge

• The number of sutures required depends on the size and location of the wound

Medicine and surgical emergencies are urgent medical conditions that require immediate attention and treatment.

• Medicine emergencies include heart attack, stroke, severe allergic reactions, diabetic emergencies, and drug overdose.

• Surgical emergencies include appendicitis, bowel obstruction, traumatic injuries, and severe bleeding.

• Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial in both types of emergencies to prevent complications and save lives.

• Emergency medical services (EMS) shou...read more

Types of seizures and their treatment options.

• There are two main types of seizures: focal and generalized.

• Focal seizures occur in one area of the brain and can cause twitching or numbness.

• Generalized seizures affect the whole brain and can cause loss of consciousness.

• Treatment options include medication, surgery, and lifestyle changes.

• Medications like anticonvulsants can help control seizures.

• Surgery may be an option for those with focal seizures that do not respond to medica...read more

Blood transfusion is done when a person's blood volume or red blood cell count is low, or when there is a need for specific blood components.

• To replace blood loss due to injury or surgery

• To treat anemia caused by various conditions such as iron deficiency, chronic kidney disease, or cancer

• To provide specific blood components like platelets or plasma to patients with clotting disorders or liver disease

• To support patients with bone marrow failure or immune system disorders

• To tr...read more

Possible reasons for cardiac arrest in youngsters include congenital heart defects, drug abuse, sudden impact or trauma, and certain medical conditions.

• Congenital heart defects

• Drug abuse

• Sudden impact or trauma

• Certain medical conditions

Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it.

• Endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus

• Can cause pain and infertility

• May form cysts or scar tissue

• Can be treated with medication or surgery

Stages of gynaecological cancers refer to the extent of cancer spread in the body.

• Stage 0: Cancer is in situ, meaning it has not spread beyond the original site.

• Stage I: Cancer is localized to the organ of origin.

• Stage II: Cancer has spread to nearby tissues or organs.

• Stage III: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and/or organs.

• Stage IV: Cancer has spread to distant organs or tissues.

• Staging helps determine the treatment plan and prognosis.

• Different types of gynaecologica...read more

Acute suppurative otitis media is a bacterial infection of the middle ear causing inflammation and pus accumulation.

• Caused by bacterial infection in the middle ear

• Symptoms include ear pain, fever, hearing loss, and pus discharge

• Treatment involves antibiotics and possibly ear tube placement

Symptoms of corona include fever, cough, fatigue, loss of taste or smell, and difficulty breathing.

• Fever

• Dry cough

• Fatigue

• Loss of taste or smell

• Difficulty breathing

Management of hospital-acquired pneumonia involves prompt diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and supportive care.

• Obtain cultures and sensitivity testing before initiating antibiotic therapy

• Choose antibiotics based on local resistance patterns and patient factors

• Consider de-escalation of antibiotics once culture results are available

• Provide supportive care such as oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, and chest physiotherapy

• Implement infection control measures to prevent fu...read more

Management of diabetic ketoacidosis involves fluid and electrolyte replacement, insulin therapy, and treatment of underlying cause.

• Assess severity and initiate fluid resuscitation with normal saline

• Administer insulin therapy to lower blood glucose levels

• Correct electrolyte imbalances, especially potassium

• Treat underlying cause, such as infection or missed insulin doses

• Monitor blood glucose, electrolytes, and acid-base status closely

• Consider ICU admission for severe cases

Heart failure symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in legs and ankles, and rapid or irregular heartbeat.

• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or when lying down

• Fatigue and weakness

• Swelling in legs, ankles, and feet

• Rapid or irregular heartbeat

• Persistent cough or wheezing

• Lack of appetite and nausea

• Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness

• Sudden weight gain

• Chest pain or pressure

Methotrexate is a chemotherapy drug used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancies.

• Methotrexate works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins.

• It is commonly used to treat various types of cancer such as leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer.

• Methotrexate is also used to treat autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

• In the case of ectopic pregnancies, methotrexate is u...read more

Management of Acute Gastroenteritis involves rehydration, electrolyte replacement, and symptomatic treatment.

• Rehydration with oral rehydration solution (ORS) or intravenous fluids if severe dehydration

• Electrolyte replacement with solutions containing sodium, potassium, and glucose

• Symptomatic treatment for nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea with antiemetics and antidiarrheal medications

• Avoiding certain foods like dairy, fatty foods, and caffeine

• Monitoring for signs of dehydration ...read more

Treatment for DKA involves fluid replacement, insulin therapy, and correction of electrolyte imbalances.

• Fluid replacement is essential to correct dehydration and improve circulation.

• Insulin therapy helps to lower blood glucose levels and reverse ketosis.

• Correction of electrolyte imbalances, such as potassium and sodium levels, is crucial for proper functioning of the body.

• Monitoring of blood glucose, electrolytes, and acid-base balance is necessary to guide treatment.

• Identify...read more