100+ Junior Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

There are various types of welding such as MIG, TIG, Stick, and Flux-Cored. MIG welding is a popular type of welding.

• MIG welding uses a wire electrode and a shielding gas to join two metal pieces together.

• TIG welding uses a tungsten electrode and a filler metal to create a weld.

• Stick welding uses a consumable electrode coated in flux to create a weld.

• Flux-Cored welding uses a wire electrode with a flux core to create a weld.

• MIG welding is commonly used in automotive and manuf...read more

Yes, I have basic knowledge about working on site and executing site tasks.

• I have experience working on construction sites and have a good understanding of site operations.

• I am familiar with reading and interpreting construction drawings and plans.

• I have knowledge of various construction materials and their applications.

• I understand the importance of following safety protocols and regulations on site.

• I have worked with a team of engineers and contractors to ensure smooth exec...read more

Unit weight of different diameters of steel bars

• Unit weight of steel = D^2/162.2 kg/m, where D is the diameter of the steel bar in mm

• Calculate unit weight for each diameter provided in the question

• 32mm dia steel: 32^2/162.2 = 6.31 kg/m

• 25mm dia steel: 25^2/162.2 = 3.85 kg/m

• 20mm dia steel: 20^2/162.2 = 2.47 kg/m

• 16mm dia steel: 16^2/162.2 = 1.57 kg/m

• 10mm dia steel: 10^2/162.2 = 0.62 kg/m

• 08mm dia steel: 08^2/162.2 = 0.39 kg/m

• 06mm dia steel: 06^2/162.2 = 0.22 kg/m

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

• Transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current (AC) power supply.

• They consist of two coils of wire, called the primary and secondary coils, wrapped around a magnetic core.

• When an AC voltage is applied to the primary coil, it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil.

• The transformer...read more

PPE kit is a set of protective equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards while working on machines.

• PPE kit includes items like gloves, goggles, helmets, masks, and coveralls.

• It is used to protect the wearer from physical, electrical, chemical, and biological hazards.

• PPE kit is essential to prevent injuries, illnesses, and accidents in the workplace.

• For example, wearing gloves can protect hands from cuts and burns while working with machinery.

The size of plywood board used in centring varies depending on the specific project requirements.

• The size of plywood board used in centring can range from 4 feet by 8 feet to 4 feet by 10 feet.

• Thicker plywood boards are typically used for heavier loads or taller structures.

• Plywood boards are commonly used in construction for formwork and temporary support structures.

• The size of plywood board used in centring is determined by the size and weight of the concrete structure being...read more

Force is a push or pull on an object. It is measured in Newtons (N). Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

• Force is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

• Mass is a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude.

• Hydraulics is the use of fluids to transmit power and pneumatics is the use of gases.

• Reducing technical losses through OEE can be achieved by improving equipment reliability, reducing downtime, and optimizing production processes.

To maintain motors and electric equipment, regular cleaning, lubrication, and inspection are essential.

• Regularly clean motors and equipment to remove dust and debris.

• Inspect for any signs of wear, damage, or loose connections.

• Lubricate moving parts as per manufacturer's recommendations.

• Ensure proper ventilation and cooling for motors.

• Keep electrical equipment away from moisture and extreme temperatures.

• Follow maintenance schedules and guidelines provided by the manufacturer.

• T...read more

Testing Tx Rx value involves checking the transmission and reception of data between devices.

• Ensure proper connection and configuration of Tx and Rx ports

• Send test data from Tx and verify if it is received correctly by Rx

• Check for any errors or discrepancies in the transmitted and received data

• Use appropriate testing tools or equipment like loopback adapters or network analyzers

• Perform functional and performance testing to ensure reliable communication

I regularly use Python, Java, and C++ in my work as a Junior Engineer.

• Python

• Java

• C++

Otto cycle is used in gasoline engines and Diesel cycle is used in diesel engines.

• Otto cycle is a constant volume cycle used in gasoline engines.

• Diesel cycle is a constant pressure cycle used in diesel engines.

• Otto cycle has a higher compression ratio compared to Diesel cycle.

• Otto cycle has a spark plug for ignition while Diesel cycle uses compression ignition.

• Both cycles involve four processes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust.

IC stands for Integrated Circuit, a small electronic device made out of a semiconductor material.

• IC is a complete circuit that includes multiple electronic components like resistors, capacitors, and transistors on a single chip.

• ICs can be categorized into analog, digital, and mixed-signal depending on the type of components they contain.

• Examples of ICs include microprocessors, memory chips, and operational amplifiers.

Calculate the bbs of a 4x3m footing with d=300mm and 12mm dia steel.

• Calculate the total length of steel required

• Determine the spacing between the bars

• Prepare a detailed bar bending schedule

The least count of a vernier caliper is the smallest measurement that can be read on the scale.

• The least count is determined by the number of divisions on the main scale and the vernier scale.

• It is calculated by dividing the smallest division on the main scale by the total number of divisions on the vernier scale.

• For example, if the smallest division on the main scale is 0.1 mm and the total number of divisions on the vernier scale is 10, then the least count would be 0.01 mm...read more

Plywood, steel, aluminum, and plastic are commonly used materials for shuttering.

• Plywood is the most commonly used material for shuttering due to its durability and affordability.

• Steel is used for heavy-duty construction projects as it can withstand high pressure and weight.

• Aluminum is lightweight and easy to handle, making it ideal for small-scale projects.

• Plastic is a cost-effective option for simple construction projects and is easy to clean and reuse.

• The choice of materia...read more

There are several types of steel, each with different properties and uses. The percentage of steel in a particular alloy can vary.

• Types of steel include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, tool steel, and high-speed steel.

• The percentage of steel in an alloy can range from as low as 0.2% to as high as 2.1% depending on the type of steel and its intended use.

• For example, carbon steel typically contains around 0.2% to 2.1% carbon, while stainless steel contains at least ...read more

The length of props used in staging varies depending on the specific requirements of the production.

• The length of props can range from a few inches to several feet, depending on the size of the stage and the needs of the performance.

• Props used in staging can include furniture, small handheld items, and larger set pieces.

• The length of props is determined by the director and set designer during the planning stages of the production.

Synchronous motor runs at a constant speed while hysteresis motor has a rotor that follows the rotating magnetic field.

• Synchronous motor is used in applications where constant speed is required, such as in clocks and timers.

• Hysteresis motor is used in applications where precise control of speed is required, such as in record players and tape recorders.

• Synchronous motor has a stator and rotor that rotate at the same speed, while hysteresis motor has a rotor that lags behind th...read more

Maintenance is the process of keeping equipment in good working condition. Varnier calipers are a type of measuring tool used for precision measurements.

• Maintenance involves regular inspections, repairs, and replacements to prevent breakdowns and ensure optimal performance.

• Types of maintenance include preventive maintenance (scheduled inspections and maintenance), predictive maintenance (using data to predict when maintenance is needed), and corrective maintenance (fixing iss...read more

Corona effect in transmission lines is the phenomenon of ionization of air surrounding the conductors due to high voltage, leading to energy loss and audible noise.

• Corona effect occurs when the electric field strength around the conductor exceeds the breakdown strength of air, causing ionization of air molecules.

• This ionization results in loss of energy in the form of light, heat, and sound, leading to power loss and audible noise in the transmission line.

• Corona effect can be...read more

Defects in engineering refer to imperfections or flaws in materials or structures. Controlling defects involves identifying, analyzing, and implementing measures to prevent or minimize them.

• Identify different types of defects such as cracks, voids, inclusions, and porosity.

• Use non-destructive testing methods like ultrasonic testing, radiography, and magnetic particle inspection to detect defects.

• Implement quality control measures during manufacturing processes to prevent defe...read more

Diaphragm walls are used to create a barrier while retaining walls are used to hold back soil.

• Diaphragm walls are underground walls that are used to create a barrier to prevent water from entering a construction site.

• Retaining walls are used to hold back soil and prevent it from sliding or eroding.

• Diaphragm walls are typically made of reinforced concrete and are used in deep excavations.

• Retaining walls can be made of various materials such as concrete, stone, brick, or wood.

• D...read more

To calculate the quantity of concrete for trapezoidal footing, we need to use the formula for volume of a trapezoidal prism.

• Measure the length, width, and height of the trapezoidal footing

• Calculate the area of the trapezoidal base using the formula (a+b)/2 * h

• Calculate the volume of the trapezoidal prism using the formula area of base * height

• Multiply the volume by the number of trapezoidal footings needed

• Add an additional 5-10% to account for waste and spillage

A synchronous motor is an AC motor that operates at a constant speed determined by the frequency of the power supply.

• Synchronous motors have a rotor that rotates at the same speed as the rotating magnetic field in the stator.

• They are commonly used in applications that require constant speed, such as industrial machinery and power generation.

• Synchronous motors are more efficient than induction motors at full load.

• They are often used in synchronous condensers to improve power f...read more

The cure time of injection molding machines varies depending on the material being used and the specific machine settings.

• Cure time can range from a few seconds to several minutes, depending on the material and machine parameters.

• Factors affecting cure time include temperature, pressure, and cooling time.

• For example, a thermosetting plastic may require a longer cure time compared to a thermoplastic material.

3 phase motors operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction to generate rotating magnetic fields.

• Three phase motors have three sets of windings spaced 120 degrees apart

• When current flows through the windings, it creates a rotating magnetic field

• The rotating magnetic field interacts with the rotor to produce motion

• Common types include induction motors and synchronous motors

An indicator is a device that shows the status or level of something. It has advantages like easy monitoring and quick identification of problems.

• Indicators provide real-time information about the status or level of a process or system.

• They help in monitoring and controlling the process or system.

• Indicators can quickly identify problems or deviations from the desired level.

• They are easy to use and require minimal training.

• Examples of indicators include temperature gauges, fue...read more

A microprocessor is a small electronic device that functions as the central processing unit of a computer, performing arithmetic and logic operations.

• Microprocessors are made up of millions of tiny components like transistors, resistors, and capacitors.

• They execute instructions stored in memory and perform tasks like calculations, data processing, and controlling input/output devices.

• Examples of microprocessors include Intel's Pentium series, AMD's Ryzen series, and ARM's Cor...read more

Latent heat is the heat absorbed or released by a substance during a phase change without a change in temperature.

• Latent heat is the energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.

• It is the heat absorbed or released during a phase change.

• Latent heat is important in processes such as melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation.

• Examples include the heat absorbed by ice to melt into water and the heat released by water vapor to condense...read more

To create a login form in HTML, you need to use form elements like input fields and buttons.

• Use the <form> element to create the form.

• Include <input> elements for username and password.

• Add a <button> element for the submit button.

• Use the 'action' attribute in the form tag to specify the URL to handle the form data.

• Use the 'method' attribute to specify the HTTP method (usually POST) for sending the form data.

Angle of projections in engineering drawing refer to the angles at which an object is viewed in a 2D representation.

• Angle of projection in engineering drawing is the angle at which the object is viewed from the observer's position.

• There are two types of angles of projection - First Angle Projection and Third Angle Projection.

• In First Angle Projection, the object is placed in the first quadrant and the plane of projection is between the observer and the object.

• In Third Angle P...read more

Different types of gearboxes include manual, automatic, CVT, DCT, and sequential gearboxes.

• Manual gearbox: Requires manual shifting of gears by the driver.

• Automatic gearbox: Shifts gears automatically without driver input.

• CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission): Offers seamless gear ratio changes.

• DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission): Utilizes two clutches for faster gear shifts.

• Sequential gearbox: Gears are selected in sequence rather than in an H-pattern.

Unit weight of 10mm aggregate is typically around 1600 kg/m^3.

• Unit weight of 10mm aggregate is usually around 1600 kg/m^3.

• It can vary slightly depending on the specific gravity of the aggregate material.

• Unit weight is important in determining the quantity of aggregate needed for a project.

Unit weight of 20mm aggregate is typically around 1550 kg/m^3.

• Unit weight of 20mm aggregate is usually around 1550 kg/m^3.

• It can vary slightly depending on the specific gravity of the aggregate material.

• Unit weight is important in determining the amount of material needed for a project.

• For example, if the specific gravity of the aggregate is 2.7, then the unit weight would be 1620 kg/m^3.

Generally, aggregates ranging from 3/8 inch to 1.5 inches are used in PCC.

• Aggregates used in PCC typically range from 3/8 inch to 1.5 inches in size.

• The size of aggregates used in PCC depends on the specific requirements of the project.

• Smaller aggregates are usually preferred for smoother finishes, while larger aggregates may be used for increased strength.

• For example, a common aggregate size used in PCC is 3/4 inch.

The slump cone test is necessary to measure the workability of fresh concrete.

• The slump cone test helps in determining the consistency and flowability of concrete.

• It is used to assess the water content and the amount of admixtures required for the desired concrete mix.

• The test helps in ensuring that the concrete can be easily placed, compacted, and finished without any segregation or bleeding.

• It provides an indication of the quality and uniformity of the concrete mix.

• The resu...read more

I am a Junior Engineer with experience in foundation design. There are various types of foundations such as shallow, deep, and pile foundations.

• Shallow foundations are used for light structures and are placed near the surface of the ground.

• Deep foundations are used for heavy structures and are placed deep into the ground.

• Pile foundations are used when the soil is not strong enough to support the weight of the structure and are driven deep into the ground.

• Other types of founda...read more

A thermal power plant diagram shows the process of generating electricity using heat energy.

• The diagram typically includes components such as boilers, turbines, generators, condensers, and cooling towers.

• Heat energy from burning fossil fuels or nuclear reactions is used to produce steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity.

• The steam is then condensed back into water and recycled in the system.

• Cooling towers are used to dissipate excess heat from the process.

• Example:...read more

Transmission lines are used to transmit electrical energy from one point to another efficiently.

• Transmission lines are used to carry electrical signals or power from a source to a load.

• They are designed to minimize losses and maintain signal integrity.

• Single line diagram represents the transmission line as a single line with symbols for components like transformers, circuit breakers, etc.

• Examples of transmission lines include overhead power lines and underground cables.

There are two main types of Ramming mass: acidic and basic.

• Acidic Ramming Mass: used for lining induction furnaces and arc furnaces.

• Basic Ramming Mass: used for lining steel ladles and EAF (Electric Arc Furnace).

Design or design procedure refers to the process of creating a plan or blueprint for a product, system, or structure.

• Design involves identifying requirements and constraints

• Creating conceptual sketches or models

• Iteratively refining the design based on feedback

• Testing and validating the design before implementation

A converter is a device that converts one form of energy to another.

• Converts electrical energy to mechanical energy in electric motors

• Converts AC to DC in power supplies

• Converts analog signals to digital signals in audio and video equipment

• Converts chemical energy to electrical energy in batteries

A cycloconverter is an electronic device that converts AC power at one frequency to AC power at a lower or higher frequency.

• Cycloconverters are used in applications where variable speed is required, such as in electric trains, cranes, and elevators.

• They can be classified as single-phase or three-phase cycloconverters.

• Single-phase cycloconverters are used for low-power applications, while three-phase cycloconverters are used for high-power applications.

• Cycloconverters can be f...read more

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

• Transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current (AC) power supply.

• They work on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a coil of wire.

• Transformers are used in power distribution systems, electronic devices, and many other applications.

• Examples of transfo...read more

Governor, valve, and welding types are important components in engineering.

• Governor: device used to control the speed of an engine or machine

• Valve: device used to control the flow of fluids or gases

• Welding types: various methods of joining metals together, such as MIG, TIG, and arc welding

A defect occurs when there is a deviation from the expected behavior or functionality of a product or system.

• Defects can occur at any stage of the development process, from design to implementation to testing.

• Defects can be caused by human error, faulty equipment, or environmental factors.

• Defects can manifest in various ways, such as crashes, errors, or incorrect output.

• Defects can be detected through various testing methods, such as unit testing, integration testing, and acc...read more

The cure time of moulding machines varies depending on the type of material being used and the specific machine settings.

• Cure time can range from a few seconds to several minutes, depending on the material and machine.

• Factors affecting cure time include temperature, pressure, and the type of moulding process being used.

• For example, a thermoset material may require a longer cure time compared to a thermoplastic material.

• It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines f...read more