200+ Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

A fuse is an electrical safety device that protects electrical circuits from overloading and short circuits. Its maximum rating depends on the application.

• A fuse contains a metal wire or filament that melts when the current exceeds a certain level, breaking the circuit and preventing damage to the equipment or wiring.

• Fuses are rated based on their current-carrying capacity and voltage rating.

• Examples of fuse ratings include 1A, 5A, 10A, 20A, etc.

• Fuses are commonly used in hou...read more

Design Engineer interview questions covering topics like design, GD&T, joints, standards, failure, material properties, vernier caliper, boiler, Bernoulli theorem, Pascal law, welding.

• Design is the process of creating a solution to a problem or need.

• GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances.

• Joints are connections between two or more parts, types include welded, bolted, and riveted joints.

• Standards commonly ...read more

The volume of a septic tank for a residential building typically ranges from 750 to 1,250 gallons.

• The volume of a septic tank is determined based on the number of bedrooms in the residential building.

• A general rule of thumb is to allocate 250-300 gallons per bedroom.

• For example, a 3-bedroom house would require a septic tank with a volume of 750-900 gallons.

• Factors such as soil type, water usage, and local regulations also impact the tank size.

Logic gates are fundamental building blocks of digital circuits that perform logical operations based on input signals.

• Logic gates are electronic components that take one or more binary inputs and produce a single binary output based on a specific logic function.

• Common types of logic gates include AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates.

• Logic gates are used in various electronic devices such as computers, calculators, and digital clocks to perform arithmetic and logical ...read more

The volume of a septic tank can be calculated by multiplying the length, width, and depth of the tank.

• Calculate the length, width, and depth of the septic tank in feet or meters.

• Multiply the length, width, and depth together to get the volume in cubic feet or cubic meters.

• For example, if the septic tank is 10 feet long, 5 feet wide, and 6 feet deep, the volume would be 10 x 5 x 6 = 300 cubic feet.

CAD software is used to create, modify, analyze, and optimize designs in 2D or 3D format.

• CAD stands for Computer-Aided Design

• It is used in various industries such as architecture, engineering, and manufacturing

• CAD software allows for precise measurements and calculations

• Examples of CAD software include AutoCAD, SolidWorks, and CATIA

I know and have worked with several design software. I am highly efficient in using them.

• I am proficient in using AutoCAD, SolidWorks, SketchUp, and Adobe Creative Suite

• I have completed several projects using these software with high accuracy and efficiency

• I am always eager to learn and explore new design software to enhance my skills

To design a swimming diving board, I will consider the material, dimensions, weight capacity, and safety features.

• Choose a durable and non-slip material like fiberglass or aluminum

• Determine the appropriate length, width, and thickness based on the intended use and user demographics

• Calculate the weight capacity and ensure it can support the maximum weight of a user

• Incorporate safety features like a non-slip surface, rounded edges, and a secure mounting system

• Consider the heigh...read more

Failure theories are used to predict the failure of materials under different loading conditions.

• Theories include maximum shear stress theory, maximum normal stress theory, and maximum strain energy theory

• Maximum shear stress theory states that failure occurs when the maximum shear stress in a material exceeds the shear strength of the material

• Maximum normal stress theory states that failure occurs when the maximum normal stress in a material exceeds the tensile or compressiv...read more

Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

• Entropy increases with time in a closed system

• A messy room has higher entropy than a clean room

• Melting of ice is an example of increase in entropy

• Burning of wood is another example of increase in entropy

ECU ground, also known as earthing, is the connection of the electronic control unit to the vehicle's chassis to provide a reference point for electrical circuits.

• ECU ground is essential for proper functioning of electronic systems in a vehicle.

• It helps to prevent electrical interference and ensures stable operation of the ECU.

• The ground connection is typically made using a wire or a metal strap between the ECU and the chassis.

• Proper grounding is crucial for safety and perfor...read more

Micrometre screw gauge least count is the smallest measurement that can be read on the gauge.

• Micrometre screw gauge is used to measure small distances with high accuracy.

• The least count of a micrometre screw gauge is typically 0.01 mm or 0.001 mm.

• To measure an object, the spindle is turned until it touches the object and the reading is taken from the thimble and sleeve scales.

• For example, if the thimble scale reads 5 and the sleeve scale reads 0.5 mm, the measurement is 5.5 m...read more

To draw bending moment and shear force of a standard portal frame, one needs to analyze the frame's geometry and loading conditions.

• Identify the geometry of the portal frame

• Determine the loading conditions on the frame

• Calculate the reactions at the supports

• Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams

• Label the diagrams with values and units

AutoCAD is a computer-aided design software used for creating 2D and 3D designs.

• Line - creates a straight line between two points

• Circle - creates a circle with a specified radius

• Rectangle - creates a rectangle with specified dimensions

• Trim - removes parts of a line or object that intersect with another object

• Mirror - creates a mirrored copy of an object

I admire core subjects like mechanical engineering and software like AutoCAD and SolidWorks.

• Core subjects: mechanical engineering

• Software: AutoCAD, SolidWorks

Answering questions related to engineering concepts such as tolerance and fits, types of interference, lathe operations, rotary to linear motion, formulas, GD&T, dimensions, sheet format, model trees, and density of materials.

• Tolerance refers to the allowable variation in a dimension or measurement

• Fits refer to the degree of tightness or looseness between two mating parts

• Types of interference include press fit, shrink fit, and force fit

• Lathe operations include turning, facing...read more

Solar power generation converts light energy from the sun into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells or solar thermal systems.

• Photovoltaic Cells: These cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, commonly used in solar panels.

• Solar Thermal Systems: These systems use sunlight to heat a fluid, which then produces steam to drive a turbine and generate electricity.

• Efficiency: Modern solar panels can convert around 15-22% of sunlight into...read more

I use tools like Altium Designer and Eagle for schematic design. These tools offer advanced features and a user-friendly interface.

• Altium Designer and Eagle are popular tools for schematic design in the industry.

• These tools offer advanced features such as real-time design synchronization, interactive routing, and 3D visualization.

• Altium Designer and Eagle have user-friendly interfaces that make it easier to create complex schematics and PCB layouts.

• They also provide extensive...read more

I am proficient in using Solid Edge software for designing and engineering tasks.

• I have extensive experience using Solid Edge software for creating 3D models and assemblies.

• I am skilled in utilizing features such as parametric modeling, simulation, and rendering in Solid Edge.

• I have successfully completed projects using Solid Edge for product design and development.

• I am familiar with advanced tools and functionalities in Solid Edge for efficient design processes.

Valves are made of materials that can withstand high pressure, temperature, and corrosive environments.

• Materials used in valves include stainless steel, brass, bronze, and plastic.

• Stainless steel is commonly used due to its strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion.

• Brass and bronze are used for their excellent thermal conductivity and resistance to corrosion.

• Plastic valves are used in applications where chemical resistance and low cost are important.

• Other materials ma...read more

Tyre pressure is less in front and more in rear wheel in bikes for better handling, stability, and traction.

• Better handling: Lower pressure in front tire allows for easier steering and maneuverability.

• Stability: Higher pressure in rear tire helps distribute weight evenly and maintain stability during acceleration and braking.

• Traction: Higher pressure in rear tire increases the contact patch with the road, improving traction for better grip.

• Example: In sports bikes, front tire...read more

Heat load calculation can be done using Excel sheet E-20

• Open Excel sheet E-20

• Enter the relevant data such as room dimensions, insulation, and equipment

• Use formulas to calculate the heat load

• Consider factors such as solar gain and occupancy

• Review and adjust calculations as necessary

Preparation for safety includes risk assessment, safety training, use of personal protective equipment, and emergency response planning.

• Conducting a thorough risk assessment to identify potential hazards

• Providing safety training to all employees on proper procedures and protocols

• Ensuring the use of personal protective equipment such as helmets, gloves, and safety goggles

• Developing an emergency response plan and conducting regular drills to ensure preparedness

• Regularly reviewi...read more

The least count of micrometer, vernier calipers, and height gauge varies depending on their precision.

• Micrometer least count ranges from 0.001mm to 0.0001mm

• Vernier calipers least count ranges from 0.02mm to 0.05mm

• Height gauge least count ranges from 0.02mm to 0.05mm

• Least count is the smallest measurement that can be read on the device

• The precision of the device determines the least count

The rho value for different conic sections varies depending on the shape of the section.

• Circle: rho = r (radius)

• Ellipse: rho = a * b / sqrt(a^2 * sin^2(theta) + b^2 * cos^2(theta))

• Parabola: rho = 2p / (1 + cos(theta))

• Hyperbola: rho = sqrt(a^2 + b^2)

If nozzle repad reinforcement is inadequate, consider redesigning the repad or increasing the thickness of the shell.

• Evaluate the loads and stresses on the repad and shell

• Consider increasing the thickness of the shell

• Redesign the repad to increase its strength

• Consult with a qualified engineer for further analysis

• Consider alternative materials or fabrication methods

GD&T provides a clear and concise way to communicate engineering tolerances and specifications for parts and assemblies.

• 1. Use of Symbols: GD&T employs specific symbols to represent geometric characteristics, such as flatness, circularity, and profile.

• 2. Datums: Establishing datums is crucial; they serve as reference points for measurements, ensuring consistency in manufacturing.

• 3. Tolerance Zones: GD&T defines tolerance zones that specify acceptable limits for part features,...read more