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Window functions perform calculations across a set of table rows related to the current row, enabling advanced analytics in SQL.
Window functions allow calculations like running totals, averages, and rankings without collapsing rows.
Example: ROW_NUMBER() assigns a unique sequential integer to rows within a partition.
Example: SUM() OVER (PARTITION BY department) calculates the total salary per department while retai...
Adjusted R-squared accounts for the number of predictors, while R-squared does not, potentially leading to misleading interpretations.
R-squared measures the proportion of variance explained by the model, but it can increase with more predictors, even if they are irrelevant.
Adjusted R-squared adjusts the R-squared value based on the number of predictors, providing a more accurate measure of model fit.
For example, i...
RMSE measures average error magnitude with emphasis on larger errors, while MAE provides a straightforward average error.
RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) squares errors before averaging, giving more weight to larger errors.
MAE (Mean Absolute Error) calculates the average of absolute errors, treating all errors equally.
Example: For predictions [2, 3, 5] vs actuals [3, 2, 4], RMSE = sqrt((1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2)/3) = 1, MAE =...
This pseudocode outlines the Bubble Sort algorithm, a simple sorting technique that repeatedly steps through the list.
1. Start with an unsorted array of strings, e.g., ['banana', 'apple', 'cherry'].
2. Compare each pair of adjacent elements.
3. If the first element is greater than the second, swap them.
4. Repeat the process for each element in the array until no swaps are needed.
5. The array is sorted when a full pa...
MapReduce is a programming model for processing large data sets, while Apache Spark is a fast, in-memory data processing engine.
MapReduce processes data in two phases: Map (data processing) and Reduce (aggregation).
Apache Spark offers in-memory processing, which speeds up data processing compared to MapReduce's disk-based approach.
MapReduce is typically slower due to its reliance on disk I/O, while Spark can perfo...
Estimate annual shoe sales using population, user count, and monthly sales data.
Identify the total population and the percentage of users who buy shoes.
Calculate the total number of users: population * percentage of users.
Determine monthly sales per user and multiply by the total number of users.
Annual sales = monthly sales * 12.
SQL queries can be crafted to address various data retrieval and manipulation scenarios effectively.
Use SELECT to retrieve data: Example - SELECT * FROM patients WHERE age > 30;
Use JOIN to combine tables: Example - SELECT a.name, b.disease FROM patients a JOIN diagnoses b ON a.id = b.patient_id;
Use WHERE for filtering: Example - SELECT * FROM appointments WHERE date = '2023-10-01';
Use GROUP BY for aggregation: ...
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard programming language for managing and manipulating relational databases.
Used for querying data: Example - SELECT * FROM employees;
Allows data manipulation: Example - INSERT INTO employees (name, age) VALUES ('John', 30);
Supports data definition: Example - CREATE TABLE employees (id INT, name VARCHAR(100));
Facilitates data control: Example - GRANT SELECT ON employees TO...
The transformer model is a deep learning architecture designed for natural language processing tasks, utilizing self-attention mechanisms.
Introduced in the paper 'Attention is All You Need' by Vaswani et al. in 2017.
Uses self-attention to weigh the importance of different words in a sentence.
Replaces recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for better parallelization and efficiency.
Key components include the encoder and d...
To reduce hallucination in chatbots, implement strategies like fine-tuning, context management, and user feedback integration.
Fine-tune the model on domain-specific data to improve accuracy. For example, train on customer service transcripts for a support bot.
Implement context management to maintain conversation history, ensuring the bot understands previous interactions.
Use reinforcement learning from human feedb...
My major strengths include analytical skills, attention to detail, and problem-solving abilities. My weaknesses include public speaking and time management.
Analytical skills: I have a strong ability to analyze data and extract meaningful insights. For example, in my previous role, I conducted a thorough analysis of customer behavior and identified key trends that helped improve marketing strategies.
Attention to detail:...
I ensured accuracy in financial reports by meticulously reviewing data and identifying errors.
Identified a discrepancy in a financial report by cross-checking numbers and formulas
Noticed a missing decimal point in a budget calculation, preventing a potential financial loss
Detected a data entry error in a sales analysis, leading to a more accurate forecast
Spotted a typo in a client's name on a contract, avoiding potenti...
I once experienced a miscommunication in a team project, leading to delays and confusion.
Clearly communicate with team members to understand the root cause of the issue
Collaborate with the team to come up with a solution and adjust the plan accordingly
Delegate tasks effectively to ensure everyone is on the same page and working towards the same goal
Maintain a positive attitude and focus on problem-solving rather than p...
Estimating the number of pizzas sold in IIT Roorkee campus in a month.
Collect data on the number of pizza outlets in the campus
Observe the average number of pizzas sold per day at each outlet
Consider the days of the week and any special events that may affect pizza consumption
Calculate the average number of pizzas sold per day across all outlets
Multiply the average by the number of days in a month to estimate the total...
Estimating the number of streetlights in Roorkee.
Collect data on the area of Roorkee and its population density.
Research the average number of streetlights per square kilometer in similar cities.
Calculate the estimated number of streetlights based on the area and population density of Roorkee.
Consider factors like main roads, residential areas, and commercial zones that may require more streetlights.
Validate the estima...
I appeared for an interview in May 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
Common aptitude questions on mettl platform
I applied via Campus Placement
1.1.1 Maths
1.1.2 English
1.1.3 Logical Reasoning
1.2 Objective Business Case
1.3 Video Round (guesstimates + behavioural)
1.1 Case Study - 2 page solid case study with multiple calculative and descriptive questions (similar to DILR of CAT but easier and business oriented)
1.2 Case Debrief - questions on 1.1
I appeared for an interview in Dec 2024.
Normal aptitude round
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
The online assessment was broken into three individual rounds held separate days.
Online Assessment
Round 1: Aptitude test and Case Study round
Round 2: AI Communications Assessment test.
Round 3: Coding Round ( 1 DSA question + 2 SQL questions + 10-15 mcqs)
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There were 4 interview rounds.
Verbal , crirical thinking and reasoning questions
Mcq on python and sql , 2 sql query and 1 Dsa question
Turncoat refers to a traitor or someone who switches sides, while delete means to remove or erase something.
Turncoat is a person who changes allegiance or loyalty, often seen as a traitor.
Delete is a command used to remove or erase data or information.
Example: A turncoat politician switches parties to gain personal benefits. Deleting a file from a computer removes it permanently.
To find the 3rd highest score in each subject
Sort the scores in each subject in descending order
Get the 3rd element in the sorted array for each subject
Repeat for each subject
Managing conflicts in a team involves effective communication, active listening, finding common ground, and seeking a win-win solution.
Encourage open communication to address the issue
Listen to all parties involved to understand their perspectives
Identify common goals and areas of agreement
Work together to find a mutually beneficial solution
Seek mediation or involve a neutral third party if necessary
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There were 4 interview rounds.
Set of questions on english , aptitude , all are at easy level
Sql basics and some query questions
I want to join ZS because of their reputation for data-driven decision making and innovative solutions. I see myself in a leadership role in 5 years.
ZS is known for their expertise in data analytics and consulting
I admire ZS's commitment to using data to drive business decisions
I believe ZS's culture of innovation and collaboration aligns with my career goals
In 5 years, I see myself leading a team of analysts and contr...
I can join within 2 weeks of receiving an offer.
I can start within 2 weeks of receiving an offer.
I need to give notice at my current job.
I have some personal commitments that I need to wrap up before starting.
First round was a 1 hr test compromising of logical and quant
1 coding question
3 SQL queries
10 SQL mcq
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
Link of an aptitude test was shared
I applied via Company Website and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
90 mins apti -with quant, critical thinking, un-structured and so on
You can go through hungry kya case study
The number of petrol pumps can vary greatly depending on the location and population density of the area.
The number of petrol pumps in a city will be higher compared to a rural area.
Population density and traffic volume are key factors in determining the number of petrol pumps needed.
Economic factors such as income levels and vehicle ownership rates also play a role in estimating the number of petrol pumps.
For example,...
I successfully managed a corporate event by planning meticulously, coordinating with vendors, and ensuring smooth execution on the day.
Defined the event objectives and target audience to tailor the experience.
Created a detailed timeline for planning and execution, ensuring all tasks were on schedule.
Coordinated with vendors for catering, audio-visual equipment, and venue setup, ensuring all needs were met.
Developed a b...
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