50+ Business Technology Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

The task is to determine the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using given denominations of coins.

• Create a function that takes the number of denominations, the denominations array, and the value to make change for as input parameters.

• Use dynamic programming to iterate through all possible combinations of coins to make the change.

• Keep track of the number of ways to make change for each value from 0 to the target value.

• Return the total number of ways to ...read more

Sort an integer array containing only 0s, 1s, and 2s in-place using a single scan.

• Iterate through the array using three pointers to keep track of 0s, 1s, and 2s.

• Swap elements based on the current element value and the pointers.

• Example: If current element is 0, swap it with the element at the 0s pointer and increment both pointers.

To burst all balloons by shooting arrows from left to right, determine the minimum number of arrows needed.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum height of balloons that can be burst with one arrow.

• Increment the arrow count whenever a balloon height exceeds the maximum height.

• Return the total arrow count needed to burst all balloons.

The problem involves outputting elements of a 2D matrix in diagonal order, alternating directions.

• Iterate through the matrix diagonally, starting from the top-left element.

• Alternate the direction of traversal from bottom-left to top-right and vice versa.

• Handle large matrices efficiently by taking advantage of matrix properties.

• Example: For a 3x3 matrix [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], the output should be 1 2 4 7 5 3 6 8 9.

Implement a function to count the number of occurrences of a given string within another string in linear time.

• Use the Z algorithm to preprocess the pattern string and the concatenated string to efficiently count occurrences.

• Iterate through the Z array to find matches of the pattern within the concatenated string.

• Return the count of matches found.

• Example: For S = 'ababa' and P = 'ab', the output should be 2.

Infor ION is a middleware platform that connects disparate systems and enables data exchange.

• Infor ION uses a publish-and-subscribe model to facilitate communication between systems.

• It can be implemented on a variety of projects, including ERP, CRM, and supply chain management systems.

• Infor ION also includes pre-built connectors for popular systems like Salesforce and SAP.

• Implementation typically involves configuring the platform to connect to the desired systems and defining...read more

To maintain knowledge transfer of project/jobs developed, ensure documentation, training, and continuous communication.

• Document all project/job details, processes, and procedures.

• Provide training sessions to transfer knowledge and skills.

• Encourage continuous communication and collaboration among team members.

• Establish a knowledge sharing platform or repository.

• Conduct regular knowledge transfer meetings or workshops.

• Assign mentors or experienced team members to guide and supp...read more

A dangling pointer is a pointer that points to a memory location that has been deallocated or freed. Dereferencing it can cause a program to crash.

• Dangling pointers occur when memory is freed or deallocated, but the pointer still points to that memory location.

• Dereferencing a dangling pointer can cause a segmentation fault or access violation.

• Dangling pointers can be avoided by setting the pointer to NULL after freeing the memory it points to.

Runtime polymorphism is implemented through virtual functions and dynamic binding.

• Virtual functions are declared in base class and overridden in derived class

• Dynamic binding is used to determine which function to call at runtime

• Compiler uses virtual function table to understand runtime polymorphism

The date 02/02/2020 is a palindrome.

• A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters that reads the same forward and backward.

• 02/02/2020 reads the same forward and backward.

• Other palindromic dates in 2020 include 11/02/2020 and 22/02/2020.

Types of polymorphism in OOP include compile-time polymorphism (method overloading) and runtime polymorphism (method overriding).

• Compile-time polymorphism: achieved through method overloading, where multiple methods have the same name but different parameters.

• Runtime polymorphism: achieved through method overriding, where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method defined in its superclass.

• Example: Compile-time polymorphism - having multiple calculateArea metho...read more

An index in SQL is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table.

• Indexes are used to quickly locate data without having to search every row in a table.

• They can be created on one or more columns in a table.

• Examples of indexes include primary keys, unique keys, and non-unique indexes.

Fact and dimensions are components of a data warehouse. Facts are numerical data while dimensions are descriptive data.

• Facts are quantitative data that can be measured, such as sales revenue or number of customers.

• Dimensions are descriptive data that provide context for the facts, such as time, location, or product.

• Facts and dimensions are stored in a data warehouse, which is a large repository of data used for analysis and reporting.

• Facts are stored in fact tables, while dim...read more

To use a particular type of shell like korn or bash shell in shell scripting, specify the shell at the beginning of the script.

• Specify the shell at the beginning of the script using the shebang line (#!/bin/bash for bash shell, #!/bin/ksh for korn shell, etc.)

• Make sure the specified shell is installed on the system where the script will be executed

• Use shell-specific syntax and features in the script based on the chosen shell

Informatica Transformations are used to manipulate data during ETL process.

• Aggregator: performs calculations on groups of data

• Filter: filters rows based on a condition

• Joiner: joins data from two sources based on a common key

• Lookup: retrieves data from a database table or flat file

• Rank: assigns a rank to each row based on a specified column

• Router: routes data to different targets based on a condition

• Sorter: sorts data based on one or more columns

• Source Qualifier: extracts data...read more

Function overloading is having multiple functions with the same name but different parameters. Function overriding is having a derived class implement a method with the same name and parameters as a method in the base class.

• Function overloading is a compile-time polymorphism concept.

• Function overriding is a run-time polymorphism concept.

• Function overloading is used to provide different ways of calling the same function.

• Function overriding is used to provide a specific impleme...read more

Block level corruption can be found using tools like checksums and resolved by restoring from backups or repairing the corrupted blocks.

• Use checksums to detect block level corruption by comparing the checksum of the data against a known good checksum.

• Regularly run integrity checks on storage devices to identify any corrupted blocks.

• Restore the corrupted blocks from backups if available, or repair them using tools like fsck.

• Isolate the corrupted blocks to prevent further data ...read more

How to make a class immutable in Java?

• Make all fields private and final

• Do not provide any setter methods

• Make the class final

• If mutable fields are present, return a copy of them in getter methods

SCD stands for Slowly Changing Dimensions. It is a technique used in data warehousing to track changes in data over time.

• Type 1 SCD: Overwrite the old data with new data. Example: Customer address change.

• Type 2 SCD: Create a new record for the change. Example: Employee promotion.

• Type 3 SCD: Create a new attribute to store the change. Example: Product price change.

• Type 4 SCD: Create a separate table to store the change history. Example: Customer purchase history.

A dangling pointer in C is a pointer that points to a memory location that has been deallocated, leading to potential crashes or undefined behavior.

• Dangling pointers occur when memory is deallocated but the pointer is not updated or set to NULL.

• Accessing a dangling pointer can result in reading or writing to invalid memory locations.

• Example: int *ptr = malloc(sizeof(int)); free(ptr); *ptr = 10; // Accessing a dangling pointer.

Design a database for a startup to increase revenue.

• Identify key business processes and data requirements

• Design a relational database schema to store the necessary data

• Optimize the database structure for efficient querying and data retrieval

• Implement data validation and integrity constraints

• Consider scalability and future growth

• Leverage data analytics and business intelligence tools for revenue optimization

Dynamic lookup is done at runtime while status lookup is done at design time.

• Dynamic lookup is used when the lookup values are not known at design time.

• Status lookup is used when the lookup values are known at design time.

• Dynamic lookup requires more processing power as it is done at runtime.

• Status lookup is faster as it is done at design time.

• Example of dynamic lookup: retrieving a list of available payment methods from a database.

• Example of status lookup: selecting a status...read more

The given HTML command is used to create a hyperlink in a webpage.

• The <a> tag is used to define a hyperlink in HTML.

• The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link goes to.

• Text between the opening and closing <a> tags is the clickable text of the link.

To swap two numbers without using an extra variable, you can use arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction.

• Store the sum of the two numbers in one of the variables, then subtract one number from the sum to get the other number.

• For example, to swap numbers a=5 and b=10: a = a + b; b = a - b; a = a - b; Now a=10 and b=5.

I manage pressure by prioritizing tasks, practicing time management, seeking support from colleagues, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance.

• I prioritize tasks to ensure that I focus on the most important and urgent ones first.

• I practice time management techniques such as creating to-do lists and setting deadlines to stay organized and meet deadlines.

• I seek support from colleagues or mentors when feeling overwhelmed, as they can provide guidance or assistance.

• I maintain ...read more

Hashtable is not thread-safe while Concurrent HashMap is thread-safe.

• Hashtable is a legacy class while Concurrent HashMap is a modern class.

• Concurrent HashMap allows concurrent read and write operations while Hashtable does not.

• Concurrent HashMap uses a technique called lock striping to achieve thread-safety.

• Hashtable is synchronized while Concurrent HashMap is not fully synchronized.

• Concurrent HashMap is faster than Hashtable in multi-threaded environments.

• Example: Hashtable...read more

A NULL pointer is a pointer that does not point to any memory location.

• It is represented by the value 0 or NULL.

• Dereferencing a NULL pointer results in a segmentation fault.

• It is commonly used to indicate the end of a linked list or array.

Function overloading allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Functions with the same name but different parameters can be defined in the same scope

• The compiler determines which function to call based on the number and types of arguments passed

• Overloading can improve code readability and reduce the need for multiple function names

• Example: void print(int x), void print(float x), void print(char x)

• Example: int sum(int a, int b), float sum(float a, f...read more

Managers may face various scenarios in their work. Here are some pointers to handle them.

• Identify the problem and its root cause

• Develop a plan of action

• Communicate effectively with team members

• Delegate tasks appropriately

• Monitor progress and adjust plan as needed

• Provide feedback and recognition

• Handle conflicts and difficult conversations

• Stay organized and prioritize tasks

Equity refers to ownership in a company, while derivatives are financial contracts based on the value of an underlying asset.

• Equity represents ownership in a company and can be in the form of stocks or shares.

• Derivatives are financial contracts that derive their value from an underlying asset such as stocks, bonds, or commodities.

• Examples of derivatives include futures, options, and swaps.

• Derivatives are often used for hedging or speculation purposes.

• Both equity and derivativ...read more

A virtual function is a function in a base class that is overridden in a derived class.

• Virtual functions allow polymorphism in C++

• They are declared using the virtual keyword

• The function is resolved at runtime based on the object type

• Virtual functions can be pure virtual, meaning they have no implementation in the base class

• Example: virtual void print() = 0; // pure virtual function

Hashtable doesn't allow nulls because it uses the null value as a marker for empty slots.

• Hashtable uses null as a marker for empty slots, so allowing null values would cause ambiguity.

• Null keys are also not allowed in Hashtable for the same reason.

• To store null values, use a different data structure like HashMap or ConcurrentHashMap.

The world is moving towards Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.

• AI and ML are being used in various industries such as healthcare, finance, and retail.

• AI-powered virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa are becoming more popular.

• Self-driving cars and drones are being developed using AI and ML.

• AI and ML are also being used for fraud detection and cybersecurity.

• Big tech companies like Google, Amazon, and Microsoft are investing heavily in AI and ML research and developme...read more

I will incorporate CR by analyzing customer feedback and implementing changes accordingly.

• Collect customer feedback through surveys, social media, and other channels

• Analyze feedback to identify common issues and areas for improvement

• Develop and implement strategies to address feedback and improve customer satisfaction

• Monitor and track progress to ensure changes are effective

• Continuously gather feedback and make adjustments as needed

Templates in C++ are a feature that allows for generic programming by creating reusable code.

• Templates allow for writing generic functions or classes that can work with any data type.

• Templates are defined using the 'template' keyword followed by the template parameter list.

• Example: template <class T> T add(T a, T b) { return a + b; }

A virtual function is a function in a base class that is declared using the keyword 'virtual' and can be overridden by a function in a derived class.

• Virtual functions allow for dynamic polymorphism in object-oriented programming.

• They are used to achieve runtime binding and enable the implementation of the concept of function overriding.

• Virtual functions are typically used in inheritance hierarchies to provide a common interface for derived classes.

• Example: virtual void displa...read more

Function overloading is when multiple functions have the same name but different parameters or return types.

• Function overloading allows multiple functions with the same name to be defined in a class or namespace.

• The functions must have different parameters or return types to be considered overloaded.

• Example: void print(int num) and void print(string text) are overloaded functions with the same name 'print'.

A V-table is a virtual table used in programming languages to implement polymorphism.

• It is used in object-oriented programming languages like C++ and Java.

• It contains pointers to functions that can be overridden by derived classes.

• It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.

• It is used to implement dynamic binding or late binding.

• It is also known as a virtual function table or dispatch table.

Backup strategies are plans and procedures put in place to protect data in case of loss or corruption.

• Regularly scheduled backups to ensure data is up to date

• Offsite backups to protect against physical damage or theft

• Incremental backups to save storage space and time

• Automated backups to reduce human error

• Testing backups to ensure they can be restored successfully

String is immutable because its value cannot be changed once it is created.

• Immutable objects are more secure as they cannot be modified by external sources.

• String pool in Java is possible because of immutability.

• StringBuffer and StringBuilder classes are used for mutable strings.

Kubernetes service is a way to expose a set of pods as a network service.

• Kubernetes service provides a stable IP address and DNS name for a set of pods.

• It allows load balancing traffic across multiple pods.

• There are four types of Kubernetes services: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, and ExternalName.

• Example: A web application running on multiple pods can be exposed as a service using Kubernetes service.

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.

• It is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Examples include method overriding in inheritance and implementing interfaces in Java.

• Polymorphism helps in achieving loose coupling and flexibility in code design.

Templates are pre-designed documents or files that serve as a starting point for creating new documents or files.

• Templates can be used for various purposes such as creating resumes, business cards, invoices, and presentations.

• They save time and effort by providing a pre-designed layout and structure.

• Templates can be customized to fit specific needs and preferences.

• They are commonly used in software applications like Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel.

• Templates can also be ...read more

A database is a structured collection of data that can be accessed, managed, and updated.

• A database stores data in tables with columns and rows

• It allows for efficient data retrieval and manipulation

• Examples include MySQL, Oracle, and MongoDB

Cloning a database involves creating an exact copy of an existing database.

• Use database management tools like SQL Server Management Studio or MySQL Workbench to clone a database.

• Backup the existing database before cloning to avoid data loss.

• Restore the backup file to create a new database with the same schema and data.

• Update connection strings and configurations to point to the new cloned database.

• Test the cloned database to ensure it functions correctly before using it in pr...read more

LogMiner is a utility provided by Oracle to analyze and mine redo log files for data changes.

• LogMiner is used to analyze and extract data from redo log files generated by Oracle databases.

• It can be used for tasks like auditing, troubleshooting, and recovering lost data.

• LogMiner can help track changes made to the database, such as INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations.

Hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to quickly retrieve values.

• Hashmap uses a hash function to map keys to indices in an array.

• Collisions can occur when multiple keys map to the same index, which can be resolved using techniques like chaining or open addressing.

• Retrieving a value from a hashmap is typically an O(1) operation.

• Examples of hashmaps include Python's dictionary and Java's HashMap class.