20+ Cognizant Interview Questions and Answers

Addressing NVH in gearboxes involves optimizing design, material, manufacturing, and operational factors.

• Optimizing gear geometry like tooth profile and helix angle can reduce noise.

• Proper material quality and heat treatment can minimize vibrations.

• Precision machining and assembly quality are crucial for reducing NVH.

• Consider load conditions, lubrication, and operational speed for NVH control.

• Environmental factors like temperature and external vibrations also impact gearbox N...read more

Yes, it can be made private to prevent copying of objects.

• Making copy constructor private can prevent copying of objects.

• It can be useful in singleton classes where only one instance is allowed.

• It can also be used to prevent copying of objects with sensitive data.

Developed a mobile app for tracking daily water intake

• Used React Native for cross-platform development

• Integrated with Apple HealthKit and Google Fit APIs

• Implemented push notifications to remind users to drink water

• Incorporated gamification elements to encourage consistent usage

C is a general-purpose programming language while Embedded C is a subset of C used for programming microcontrollers and other embedded systems.

• Embedded C has limited resources compared to C

• Embedded C has specific libraries for hardware access

• Embedded C has specific memory models

• Embedded C has specific coding standards for safety-critical systems

• C can be used for a wide range of applications while Embedded C is specific to embedded systems

Bitwise operations in C programs are used to manipulate individual bits within a byte or word.

• Use bitwise AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^), left shift (<<), and right shift (>>) operators.

• Example: x = x & 0x0F; // Clear upper 4 bits of x

• Example: y = y | 0x80; // Set the 7th bit of y

• Example: z = z ^ 0x01; // Toggle the least significant bit of z

• Example: a = a << 2; // Left shift a by 2 bits

• Example: b = b >> 3; // Right shift b by 3 bits

Comstack is a communication stack used in embedded systems for handling communication protocols.

• Comstack is a software component that manages communication protocols in embedded systems.

• It provides a standardized way for different components to communicate with each other.

• Comstack can handle various communication protocols such as CAN, LIN, FlexRay, etc.

• It abstracts the low-level details of communication protocols from the application layer.

ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) is a safety feature in vehicles that prevents wheels from locking up during braking.

• ABS uses sensors to monitor wheel speed and prevent wheel lock-up.

• When the system detects wheel lock-up, it modulates brake pressure to individual wheels.

• This allows the driver to maintain steering control and reduce stopping distance.

• ABS is particularly useful in emergency braking situations or on slippery surfaces.

• Examples of ABS-equipped vehicles include cars,...read more

The Chief Executives of ZF are Wolf-Henning Scheider and Konstantin Sauer. Recent developments include the acquisition of WABCO Holdings Inc.

• Chief Executives: Wolf-Henning Scheider and Konstantin Sauer

• Recent development: Acquisition of WABCO Holdings Inc.

Deadlocks are situations in which two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource.

• Deadlocks occur in multitasking environments where processes compete for limited resources.

• Four conditions must hold for a deadlock to occur: mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait.

• Example: Process A holds Resource 1 and waits for Resource 2, while Process B holds Resource 2 and waits for Resource 1.

• Deadlocks can ...read more

Factors affecting NVH include vehicle design, materials used, engine type, and road conditions.

• Vehicle design: Shape, size, weight distribution

• Materials used: Quality of materials, insulation

• Engine type: Number of cylinders, power output

• Road conditions: Smoothness, tire type

Debouncing is a technique used in software development to prevent multiple rapid triggers of an event.

• Debouncing helps in filtering out unnecessary or duplicate events that occur in quick succession.

• It is commonly used in user interface interactions like button clicks to ensure a single action is triggered.

• Debouncing involves setting a time threshold during which any subsequent triggers are ignored.

• Example: Preventing multiple form submissions on a website by debouncing the s...read more

Embedded systems are specialized computing systems designed to perform specific tasks within a larger system.

• Embedded systems are typically found in everyday devices such as smartphones, cars, and household appliances.

• They are designed to be efficient, reliable, and often operate in real-time.

• Embedded systems often have limited resources such as memory and processing power.

• Examples of embedded systems include microcontrollers in a washing machine, GPS systems in cars, and fir...read more

Structure is a user-defined data type that groups related variables under one name, while union allows multiple variables to be stored in the same memory location.

• Structure allocates memory for all its members separately, while union shares the same memory location for all its members.

• Structures are used when all members need to be accessed independently, while unions are used when only one member needs to be accessed at a time.

• Example: struct Person { char name[50]; int age;...read more

Yes, I would sell the product to generate revenue and reach a wider audience.

• Selling the product can help generate revenue for further development and growth.

• Selling the product can help reach a wider audience and increase market presence.

• Examples: Microsoft selling Windows operating system, Adobe selling Photoshop software.

Expected CTC should be based on industry standards and candidate's experience.

• Research industry standards for the position

• Consider candidate's experience and qualifications

• Factor in location and cost of living

• Be open to negotiation

• Example: For a software engineer position in Bangalore, the expected CTC could range from 8-15 lakhs per annum depending on experience and company size.

PPM stands for Parts Per Million and is a measurement used to quantify very low concentrations of substances in a mixture.

• PPM is calculated by dividing the mass of the solute by the total mass of the solution and multiplying by one million.

• For example, if a solution contains 2 grams of solute in 1000 grams of solution, the PPM would be 2000.

• PPM is commonly used in fields such as chemistry, environmental science, and manufacturing to measure the concentration of pollutants or ...read more

ZF is a global technology company that specializes in driveline and chassis technology as well as active and passive safety technology.

• ZF is a leading global technology company in the automotive industry.

• They specialize in driveline and chassis technology, as well as active and passive safety technology.

• ZF produces transmissions, steering systems, axles, and other components for vehicles.

• The company is known for its innovative solutions and commitment to sustainability.

• ZF has...read more

OEE is calculated by multiplying Availability, Performance, and Quality percentages.

• Calculate Availability: (Operating Time / Planned Production Time) x 100%

• Calculate Performance: (Ideal Cycle Time x Total Count) / Operating Time x 100%

• Calculate Quality: Good Count / Total Count x 100%

• Multiply Availability, Performance, and Quality percentages to get OEE

Hyperparameters are settings that are external to the model and are used to control the learning process of deep learning algorithms.

• Hyperparameters for neural networks include learning rate, batch size, number of layers, number of neurons per layer, activation functions, and dropout rate.

• For example, in a convolutional neural network, hyperparameters may include filter size, stride, and padding.

• Hyperparameters can be tuned using techniques like grid search, random search, an...read more

Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to make inferences about a population based on sample data.

• Hypothesis testing involves formulating a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.

• The null hypothesis assumes that there is no significant difference or relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis suggests otherwise.

• A significance level (alpha) is chosen to determine the threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis.

• Statistical tests such as t-te...read more