WonderBotz Interview Questions and Answers

90 minute test on hacker rank consisting of 3 coding questions all of medium difficulty. Most candidates are required to solve more than 1 question.

Q1. Questions on concepts of OOPS and Operating Systems.
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Q2. Find least common ancestor of a binary tree.
Ans. 
Find the lowest common ancestor of a binary tree.
• Traverse the tree recursively from the root node.

• If the current node is null or matches either of the given nodes, return the current node.

• Recursively search for the nodes in the left and right subtrees.

• If both nodes are found in different subtrees, return the current node.

• If both nodes are found in the same subtree, continue the search in that subtree.
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Q3. Find first missing positive integer from an array for non-negative integers.
Ans. 
Find first missing positive integer from an array of non-negative integers.
• Create a hash set to store all positive integers in the array

• Loop through the array and add all positive integers to the hash set

• Loop through positive integers starting from 1 and return the first missing integer not in the hash set
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Q1. Design a parking lot
Ans. 
Design a parking lot
• Consider the size and capacity of the parking lot

• Decide on the layout and organization of parking spaces

• Implement a system to manage parking availability and reservations

• Include features like ticketing, payment, and security

• Consider scalability and future expansion
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Q1. Given a grid which represents an ocean( For all index i,j if mat[i][j] = 1 is island and mat[i][j] = 0 means water). Find the island with largest area.
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Q2. Given list of strings group them into distinct anagrams.
Ans. 
Group list of strings into distinct anagrams.
• Create a hash table with sorted string as key and list of anagrams as value.

• Iterate through the list of strings and add each string to its corresponding anagram list in the hash table.

• Return the values of the hash table as a list of lists.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical round with questions based on DSA were discussed.

Q1. 
Ninja and Sorted Array Merging Problem
Ninja is tasked with merging two given sorted integer arrays ARR1 and ARR2 of sizes 'M' and 'N', respectively, such that the merged result is a single sorted array w...read more
Ans. 
Merge two sorted arrays into one sorted array within the first array.
• Create a pointer for the last index of ARR1 and ARR2 to start merging from the end.

• Compare elements from both arrays and place the larger element at the end of ARR1.

• Continue this process until all elements are merged in sorted order within ARR1.
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Q2. 
Reverse Alternate Levels of a Perfect Binary Tree Problem Statement
Given a perfect binary tree consisting of 'N' nodes, reverse the nodes at alternate levels in the tree (i.e., reverse level 2, level 4, ...read more
Ans. 
Reverse alternate levels of a perfect binary tree by reversing nodes at even levels starting from level 2.
• Traverse the tree in level order and store nodes at even levels in a separate list.

• Reverse the list of nodes at even levels.

• Update the tree with the reversed nodes at even levels.

• Repeat the process for alternate levels starting from level 2.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical round with questions based on OS, Java were discussed.

Q1. What are the characteristics of distributed file systems?
Ans. 
Characteristics of distributed file systems include scalability, fault tolerance, and data replication.
• Scalability: Distributed file systems can easily scale to accommodate a large amount of data and users.

• Fault tolerance: They are designed to continue functioning even if some components fail, ensuring high availability.

• Data replication: Data is often replicated across multiple nodes to ensure reliability and performan...read more
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Q2. Design a file sharing mechanism between two users.
Ans. 
Design a file sharing mechanism between two users.
• Implement a secure login system for both users.

• Allow users to upload files to a shared server.

• Provide a way for users to view and download files shared by the other user.

• Implement access control to ensure only authorized users can access the shared files.
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Q3. What is ConcurrentHashMap in Java?
Ans. 
ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe implementation of the Map interface in Java.
• ConcurrentHashMap allows multiple threads to read and write to the map concurrently without causing any issues like deadlocks or data corruption.

• It achieves thread-safety by dividing the map into segments, each of which can be locked independently.

• ConcurrentHashMap is more efficient than using synchronized maps for concurrent access.

• Example:...read more
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Q4. How do you analyze the usage history of an application?
Ans. 
Analyzing usage history involves tracking user interactions, patterns, and trends to improve application performance.
• Collect and store user interaction data such as clicks, page views, and time spent on each feature.

• Use analytics tools to generate reports and visualize usage patterns.

• Identify popular features, user preferences, and areas for improvement based on usage data.

• Implement A/B testing to compare different ver...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical interview round with questions based on DSA.

Q1. 
Binary Tree Traversals
Your task is to compute the In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order traversals for a given Binary Tree with 'N' nodes, where each node has an integer value.
Input:
T
For each test cas...read more
Ans. 
Compute In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order traversals for a given Binary Tree with 'N' nodes.
• Implement tree traversal algorithms: In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order.

• Use recursion to traverse the binary tree efficiently.

• Handle null nodes represented by -1 in the input.

• Follow the order of nodes as they appear in the level order traversal.

• Ensure the output is space-separated lists for each traversal type.
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Q2. 
LRU Cache Design Question
Design a data structure for a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache that supports the following operations:
1. get(key) - Return the value of the key if it exists in the cache; otherw...read more
Ans. 
Design a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache data structure that supports get and put operations with capacity constraint.
• Use a combination of hashmap and doubly linked list to implement the LRU cache.

• Keep track of the least recently used item and update it accordingly.

• Ensure to handle cache capacity by evicting the least recently used item when the cache is full.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical Interview round with questions on DSA, OS etc.

Q1. 
Number of Islands II Problem Statement
You have a 2D grid of dimensions 'N' rows by 'M' columns, initially filled with water. You are given 'Q' queries, where each query contains two integers 'X' and 'Y'....read more
Ans. 
The task is to determine the number of islands present on a 2D grid after each query of converting water to land.
• Create a function that takes the grid dimensions, queries, and coordinates as input.

• For each query, convert the water at the given coordinates to land and update the grid.

• Use depth-first search (DFS) to find connected lands and count the number of islands.

• Return the number of islands after each query.
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Q2. Why are synchronized blocks needed in Java?
Ans. 
Synchronized blocks are needed in Java to ensure thread safety by allowing only one thread to access a block of code at a time.
• Prevents multiple threads from accessing critical sections of code simultaneously

• Ensures data consistency and prevents race conditions

• Improves performance by reducing contention for shared resources

• Example: synchronized block in a method that updates a shared variable
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Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This test has 2 sections :
Section 1 ( Technical objective questions) 
– 25 mcq’s mainly focusing on c , c++ , os , data structures , algorithms
Section 2 ( 2 Coding questions )
– Code was supposed to be written on paper.

Q1. 
Next Greater Number Problem Statement
Given a string S which represents a number, determine the smallest number strictly greater than the original number composed of the same digits. Each digit's frequenc...read more
Ans. 
Given a number represented as a string, find the smallest number greater than the original with the same set of digits.
• Sort the digits in non-increasing order to find the next greater number.

• Swap the last two digits to get the smallest greater number.

• If no greater number exists, return -1.
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Q2. 
Reverse Words in a String: Problem Statement
You are given a string of length N. Your task is to reverse the string word by word. The input may contain multiple spaces between words and may have leading o...read more
Ans. 
Reverse words in a string by reversing the order of words while maintaining spaces.
• Split the input string by spaces to get individual words

• Reverse the order of the words

• Join the reversed words with a single space in between
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

First round of interview was based on basic data structures. Concepts related to binary search tree , uses and comparing complexity were asked. He also asked about Hashing , Collisions.

Q1. 
K Largest Elements Problem Statement
Given an unsorted array containing 'N' integers, you are required to find 'K' largest elements from the array and return them in non-decreasing order.
Input:
The fir...read more
Ans. 
Find K largest elements in an unsorted array and return them in non-decreasing order.
• Sort the array in non-decreasing order

• Return the last K elements of the sorted array
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

The interview started with a programming question. Then he asked me a puzzle. There was a small discussion about my projects then .Then he started asking questions about operating system. The interviewer wanted to test my understanding about semaphores and asked some tricky and confusing questions .

Q1. 
Level Order Traversal Problem Statement
Given a binary tree of integers, return the level order traversal of the binary tree.
Input:
The first line contains an integer 'T', representing the number of te...read more
Ans. 
Return the level order traversal of a binary tree given in level order with null nodes represented by -1.
• Parse the input to create the binary tree using level order traversal

• Use a queue to perform level order traversal and print the nodes in the order visited

• Handle null nodes represented by -1 appropriately
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Q2. Explain the Producer-Consumer problem and how it can be solved using semaphores.
Ans. 
Producer-Consumer problem involves multiple threads sharing a common buffer. Producers add items to the buffer while consumers remove them.
• Producers and consumers need to synchronize their access to the shared buffer to avoid race conditions.

• Semaphores can be used to control access to the buffer. Two semaphores are used - one to track the empty slots in the buffer and one to track the filled slots.

• Producers increment t...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical Interview round with questions based on DSA.

Q1. 
Peak Element Finder
For a given array of integers arr, identify the peak element. A peak element is an element that is greater than its neighboring elements. Specifically, if arr[i] is the peak, then both...read more
Ans. 
Find the peak element in an array of integers.
• Iterate through the array and check if the current element is greater than its neighbors.

• Handle edge cases for the first and last elements of the array.

• Return the peak element found.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round was a telephonic interview with the CTO of the company. The he started with a small discussion about my projects and research paper .He then moved on to data structures and asked me how to choose a relevant data structure for a given problem. I gave him advantages of every data structure and certain problems where specific data structures could be useful .Then he gave a question and asked me for what data structure should be used keeping time complexity in mind. He asked me a few HR questions in the end .

Q1. 
Average Marks Problem Statement
Given the initial letter of a student's name and three integer marks for that student, calculate and display the student's initial letter followed by the integer part of th...read more
Ans. 
Calculate and display the student's initial letter followed by the integer part of their average marks.
• Calculate the average of the three marks provided for each student.

• Display the initial letter of the student's name followed by the integer part of the average marks.

• Round down the average to the nearest integer to get the integer part.
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