TSMC Physical Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Difference between structure and union
Ans. 
Structure is a collection of different data types under one name, while union is a single memory location that can hold different data types at different times.
• Structure allows each member to have its own memory location, while union shares a single memory location for all members.

• In a structure, all members can be accessed simultaneously, while in a union, only one member can be accessed at a time.

• Example: struct Pers...read more
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Q2. What is structure padding and how to pack a structure
Ans. 
Structure padding is adding empty bytes to align data in memory. Packing a structure removes padding to save memory.
• Structure padding ensures that data members are aligned to memory boundaries for efficient access

• Padding bytes are added between data members to ensure alignment

• Packing a structure removes padding to save memory but may impact performance

• Example: struct example { char a; int b; } - sizeof(struct example)
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Q3. How to check stack overflow
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To check for stack overflow, monitor stack usage and set a limit to trigger an alert if exceeded.
• Monitor stack usage by tracking the stack pointer and comparing it to the stack size.

• Set a limit for stack usage and trigger an alert if the limit is exceeded.

• Use tools like stack analyzers or profilers to detect stack overflow.

• Implement stack canaries or guard zones to detect stack corruption.
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Q1. Difference between semafore and mutex
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A semaphore is a signaling mechanism while a mutex is a locking mechanism used to control access to shared resources in multithreaded environments.
• Semaphore is used to control access to a pool of resources, while mutex is used to control access to a single resource.

• Semaphores can be used to allow multiple threads to access a shared resource simultaneously, while mutex allows only one thread to access the resource at a ...read more
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Q2. How to set the priority of a task
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Task priority can be set using priority levels or scheduling algorithms in firmware development.
• Use priority levels to assign importance to tasks

• Higher priority tasks are executed before lower priority tasks

• Implement scheduling algorithms like preemptive scheduling or round-robin scheduling to manage task priorities
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Q1. Why you want to join philips
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50 questions .
20 about basic c program 30 aptitude question

Q1. Tell me about yourself
Ans. 
I am an experienced Embedded Engineer with a strong background in developing and optimizing embedded systems.
• I have a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering.

• I have worked on various projects involving microcontrollers, sensors, and communication protocols such as UART, SPI, and I2C.

• I am proficient in programming languages like C and C++ for embedded systems.

• I have experience in firmware development, debugging, and...read more
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Q2. What are the criteria for c program
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Criteria for C program include syntax correctness, logical flow, and efficient memory usage.
• Correct syntax and logical flow are essential for program functionality

• Efficient memory usage is important for performance optimization

• Program should be well-documented and easy to maintain

• Code should be modular and reusable for future projects
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