TrustFort Full Stack Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round had questions mainly from Java 8 and its important features followed by some questions from Spring Boot.

Q1. Java Question
What are Java 8 streams?
Ans. 
Java 8 streams are a sequence of elements that can be processed in parallel or sequentially.
• Streams provide a functional programming approach to process collections in Java.

• They allow for concise and expressive code.

• Streams can be used to filter, map, reduce, and perform other operations on data.

• Example: List numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); numbers.stream().filter(n -> n % 2 == 0).forEach(System.out::println);

• T...read more
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Q2. Java Question
Write a Java 8 program to iterate a Stream using the forEach method?
Ans. 
A Java 8 program to iterate a Stream using the forEach method.
• Create a Stream object from a collection or array

• Use the forEach method to perform an action on each element of the Stream

• The action can be a lambda expression or a method reference
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Q3. SpringBoot Question
How does Spring Boot works?
Ans. 
Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by providing default configurations and dependencies.
• Spring Boot eliminates the need for manual configuration by providing sensible defaults.

• It uses an embedded server, such as Tomcat or Jetty, to run the application.

• Spring Boot automatically configures the application based on the dependencies added to the project.

• It promotes convention ov...read more
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Q4. SpringBoot Question
What is dependency Injection?
Ans. 
Dependency Injection is a design pattern where the dependencies of a class are provided externally rather than being created within the class itself.
• Dependency Injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing and maintenance of code.

• In Spring Boot, dependencies are injected using annotations like @Autowired.

• Example: In a Spring Boot application, if a class requires a database con...read more
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Q5. SpringBoot Question
Explain @RestController annotation in Sprint boot?
Ans. 
The @RestController annotation in Spring Boot is used to mark a class as a RESTful controller.
• It combines the @Controller and @ResponseBody annotations.

• It eliminates the need for annotating each method with @ResponseBody.

• It automatically serializes the return value of the methods into JSON/XML response.

• It is commonly used to build RESTful web services in Spring Boot.
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Q6. Java Question
What are the different methods of session management in Servlet?
Ans. 
Different methods of session management in Servlet
• Cookies

• URL Rewriting

• Hidden Form Fields

• Session Tracking API

• HTTP Session
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This was a preety much mixed round ranging questions from Java , MVC to DBMS , Web Security and API Design. More emphasis was given on the fundamentals of the subject rather than the advanced topics.

Q1. Java Question
What is a package in Java? List down various advantages of packages.
Ans. 
A package in Java is a way to organize related classes and interfaces. It helps in modularizing code and provides access control.
• Packages help in avoiding naming conflicts by providing a unique namespace.

• They provide access control by using access modifiers like public, private, and protected.

• Packages allow for better code organization and maintainability.

• They enable code reusability by allowing classes to be easily im...read more
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Q2. MVC Question
What is CORS in MVC and how it works?
Ans. 
CORS in MVC is Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, a mechanism that allows restricted resources on a web page to be requested from another domain.
• CORS is a security feature implemented in web browsers to prevent cross-origin requests by default.

• It works by adding specific HTTP headers to the server's response, indicating which origins are allowed to access the resources.

• In MVC, CORS can be configured using the 'EnableCors' ...read more
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Q3. MVC Question
Explain in brief the role of different MVC components?
Ans. 
MVC components include Model, View, and Controller. Model represents data and business logic, View displays the data, and Controller handles user input and updates the Model and View.
• Model: Represents data and business logic

• View: Displays the data to the user

• Controller: Handles user input and updates the Model and View
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Q4. DBMS Question
What are the difference between Clustered and a Non-clustered index?
Ans. 
Clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table, while non-clustered index has a separate structure.
• Clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table

• Non-clustered index has a separate structure that includes a copy of the indexed columns and a pointer to the actual data

• A table can have only one clustered index, but multiple non-clustered indexes

• Clustered index is faster for retrieving la...read more
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Q5. Web Security Question
What is SQL injection?
Ans. 
SQL injection is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to manipulate a database query to execute unauthorized actions.
• SQL injection occurs when user-supplied data is not properly validated or sanitized before being used in an SQL query.

• Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to bypass authentication, retrieve sensitive data, modify or delete data, or even execute arbitrary commands.

• To prevent SQL inject...read more
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Q6. Technical Question
What are the advantages of Web Services?
Ans. 
Web services offer advantages such as interoperability, scalability, reusability, and platform independence.
• Interoperability: Web services allow different applications to communicate and share data regardless of the programming languages or platforms they are built on.

• Scalability: Web services can handle a large number of requests and can be easily scaled up or down to meet changing demands.

• Reusability: Web services pr...read more
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Round duration - 45 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started with some questions from Frontend Web Development primarily from HTML and CSS followed by some questions from DevOps and Git. The interviewer was quite satisfied by my answers and overall this round went preety well.

Q1. Frontend Question
How to optimize website assets loading?
Ans. 
Optimize website assets loading by minimizing file sizes, leveraging caching, and using asynchronous loading.
• Minimize file sizes by compressing images, minifying CSS and JavaScript files

• Leverage caching by setting appropriate cache headers and using a content delivery network (CDN)

• Use asynchronous loading techniques such as lazy loading, deferred loading, and async/defer attributes

• Combine and bundle multiple files to r...read more
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Q2. HTML Question
In how many ways can we position an HTML element? Or what are the permissible values of the position attribute?
Ans. 
There are 5 permissible values for the position attribute in HTML.
• The permissible values for the position attribute are static, relative, fixed, absolute, and sticky.

• The default value is static, which means the element is positioned according to the normal flow of the document.

• Relative positioning allows an element to be positioned relative to its normal position.

• Fixed positioning positions the element relative to the ...read more
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Q3. HTML Question
What are the New tags in Media Elements in HTML5?
Ans. 
The new tags in Media Elements in HTML5 are
• The

• The

• Both tags support various attributes and can be styled using CSS.

• Example:

• Example:
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Q4. CSS Question
Difference between reset vs normalize CSS?. How do they differ?
Ans. 
Reset CSS removes all default styles from elements, while Normalize CSS makes styles consistent across different browsers.
• Reset CSS sets all CSS properties to their default values, ensuring a clean slate for styling.

• Normalize CSS aims to make styles consistent across different browsers by applying a set of default styles.

• Reset CSS is more aggressive in removing default styles, while Normalize CSS is more subtle and pre...read more
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Q5. CSS Question
What is a z-index, how does it function?
Ans. 
z-index is a CSS property that controls the stacking order of elements on a webpage.
• z-index is used to specify the order in which elements are displayed on top of each other.

• Higher z-index values bring elements to the front, while lower values push them to the back.

• Elements with a higher z-index will overlap elements with a lower z-index.

• z-index only works on positioned elements (position: absolute, position: relative,
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Q6. DevOps Question
Explain a use case for Docker?
Ans. 
Docker is a containerization platform that allows developers to package applications with their dependencies for easy deployment and scalability.
• Docker enables developers to create lightweight, isolated containers that can run on any operating system.

• It simplifies the deployment process by ensuring that the application and its dependencies are bundled together, eliminating compatibility issues.

• Docker allows for easy sc...read more
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Q7. Git Question
What is the Difference Between “Git Pull” and “Git Fetch”?
Ans. 
Git pull combines git fetch and git merge, while git fetch only downloads new data from a remote repository.
• Git pull is used to update the local branch with the latest changes from the remote repository.

• Git fetch only downloads new data from the remote repository, but does not integrate it into the local branch.

• Git pull is a combination of git fetch and git merge commands.

• Git fetch is useful to see what changes have be...read more
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Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

The test happened at 9 PM, and the duration was of 90 mins. The test was held on Codility platform.

Q1. Reach the destination
Given a source point (sx, sy) and a destination point (dx, dy), the task is to check if it is possible to reach the destination point using the following valid moves:
(a, b) -> (a...read more
Ans. Brute force approach
The naive approach to solve this problem is to consider each and every possible move until we reach the destination.
 
This can be done using recursion. Below is the algorithm:
 
• Check for the bases:
  • If the source and destination coordinates are the same, return true.
  • Return false, if the x (or y) coordinate of source point is greater than the x (or y) coordinate of the destination point. As the...read more
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Q2. Circular Move
You have a robot currently standing at the origin (0, 0) of a two-dimensional grid and facing north direction. You are given a sequence of moves for the robot in the form of a string of size...read more
Ans. Optimal Approach
Initialize a variable ‘direction’ with 0 which means that the robot is initially facing towards the north.
direction: 0 -> Robot is facing towards the North
direction: 1 -> Robot is facing towards the West 
direction: 2 -> Robot is facing towards the South 
direction: 3 -> Robot is facing towards the West
 
Initialize two variables ‘x’ and ‘y’ as 0. They will represent the position ...read more
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Q3. Buy and Sell Stock
You are Harshad Mehta’s friend. He told you the price of a particular stock for the next ‘N’ days. You can either buy or sell a stock. Also, you can only complete at most 2-transactions....read more
Ans. Recursion
This problem can be solved by solving its subproblems and then combining the solutions of the solved subproblems to solve the original problem. We will do this using recursion.
Basically, we have to buy the stock at the minimum possible price and sell at the maximum possible price, keeping in mind that we have to sell the stock before buying it again.
 
 
Below is the detailed algorithm: 
 
1. Call ...read more
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The timing for this round was around 10 AM. How to optimize website assets loading? Explain Hoisting in javascript.

Q1. Number Of Pairs With Given Sum
You have been given an integer array/list(arr) and a number 'Sum'. Find and return the total number of pairs in the array/list which when added, results equal to the ...read more
Ans. Brute Force Approach
• Initialize the ans = 0
• Run two loops first from i = 0 to n-1 and second from j = i+1 to  n-1 and if arr[i] + arr[j] == Sum then increase the ans by 1.
• Return ans
Space Complexity: O(1)Explanation:
O(1)
 
As constant extra space is used.
Time Complexity: O(n^2)Explanation:
O(N^2), where N is the size of the array.

As we are running two nested loops of size N.
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a problem solving round and consisted of puzzles and mathematical problems.

Q1. Puzzle
A man fell in a 50m deep well. He climbs 4 meters up and slips 3 meters down in one day. How many days would it take for him to come out of the well?
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Q2. Puzzle
Suppose you take 5 mins to think for a coding task, another 10 mins to code where you write 100 lines of code. You take a break of 5 mins every 10 mins. How much lines of code will you have written a...read more
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Q3. Puzzle
There is a room with a door (closed) and three light bulbs. Outside the room, there are three switches, connected to the bulbs. You may manipulate the switches as you wish, but once you open the door...read more
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Q4. Puzzle
You are given Rs 100 every week. Every day you put Rs 5 in you piggy bank except on Sunday you put Rs 10. You take a bus to college, one side trip costs Rs 4, you do 2 trips a day. You have your lunc...read more
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Question Related to the DP and the Graph

Q1. Kth Max Element in a Array
Ans. 
Find the Kth maximum element in an array of strings.
• Sort the array in descending order.

• Return the element at index K-1.
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Q2. Coin Change and optimization through DP
Ans. 
Coin change problem can be solved using dynamic programming to find the minimum number of coins needed to make a certain amount of change.
• Use dynamic programming to build up solutions for smaller subproblems

• Start by initializing an array to store the minimum number of coins needed for each amount from 0 to the target amount

• Iterate through each coin denomination and update the array with the minimum number of coins need
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Q1. Project include in your Resume
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Q2. HR common question
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Two sum problem DSA fromleetcode

Q1. Event Loop, how does event loop work.
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Q2. Lib UV, explain the function of libuv
Ans. 
Libuv is a multi-platform support library with a focus on asynchronous I/O.
• Provides event loop, networking, and file system access APIs

• Supports asynchronous operations for handling I/O events efficiently

• Used in Node.js for handling non-blocking I/O operations
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Q3. Async programming in JS
Ans. 
Async programming in JS allows for non-blocking operations, improving performance and user experience.
• Use async/await to write asynchronous code in a synchronous manner

• Promises are a common way to handle asynchronous operations

• Callbacks can also be used for async programming, but can lead to callback hell

• Utilize setTimeout and setInterval for delayed and repeated tasks
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MCQ test consisting of 70 mcqs in 75 minutes from aptitude english and cs fundamentals. If cleared next paper 2 coding qs medium level

Q1. Two sum leetcode problem
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Q2. What problems you faced in your project
Ans. 
I faced challenges with integrating third-party APIs and debugging complex logic.
• Difficulty in understanding and implementing third-party APIs

• Issues with data synchronization between different systems

• Troubleshooting complex logic errors

• Managing dependencies and version conflicts

• Time constraints affecting problem-solving
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It's api round. We have to develop an api and frontend

It's contains 2 coding question and 20 mcqs

Q1. Introduction about your self
Ans. 
I am a Full Stack Software Developer with 5 years of experience in building web applications.
• 5 years of experience in full stack development

• Proficient in languages like JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and frameworks like React and Node.js

• Strong problem-solving skills and ability to work in a team environment
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Q2. What is polling in ca
Ans. 
Polling in computer science is a technique used to actively check the status of a resource or process at regular intervals.
• Polling involves continuously checking a resource or process for updates or changes.

• It is commonly used in web development to update content on a webpage without refreshing the entire page.

• Polling can be synchronous or asynchronous, depending on the implementation.

• Examples of polling include checki...read more
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