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50+ Schaeffer & Sam Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 6 Dec 2024
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Q1. 2.Python finding the output based on pop function?

Ans.

The pop() function in Python removes and returns the last element from a list.

  • pop() function modifies the original list

  • pop() function takes an optional index parameter to remove and return an element at a specific index

  • If the list is empty, pop() function raises an IndexError

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Q2. Do you know anything about DBMS? Where is it used?

Ans.

DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is used to manage and organize data in a structured manner.

  • DBMS is used in various industries such as healthcare, finance, education, and more.

  • It helps in creating, modifying, and deleting data in a database.

  • DBMS provides security features to protect data from unauthorized access.

  • Examples of DBMS include MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.

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Q3. Performance tuning of SQL stored procedure

Ans.

Performance tuning of SQL stored procedure involves optimizing query execution time and reducing resource usage.

  • Identify and optimize the most resource-intensive queries

  • Use appropriate indexing and partitioning techniques

  • Minimize network round trips and data transfers

  • Avoid using cursors and temporary tables

  • Use query hints and plan guides to influence query execution plan

  • Regularly monitor and analyze query performance using tools like SQL Profiler and Execution Plan

  • Consider us...read more

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Q4. Which is difficult program that you wrote in python Which is difficult program wrote in c Dictionary use with code implications

Ans.

Difficult program in Python: A web scraper to extract data from dynamic websites. Difficult program in C: A program to implement a custom data structure.

  • Python program required knowledge of web scraping libraries like BeautifulSoup and Selenium

  • C program required understanding of memory management and pointers

  • Python program had to handle dynamic website elements and login authentication

  • C program had to implement a custom data structure like a linked list or binary tree

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Q5. Program to count spaces in string Program to print only digits in string

Ans.

Program to count spaces and print digits in string

  • For counting spaces, loop through the string and check for ' ' character

  • For printing digits, loop through the string and check for '0' to '9' characters

  • Use isdigit() function in Python to check for digits

  • Use a counter variable to keep track of spaces

  • Use a separate string variable to store digits and print it at the end

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Q6. Practical implementation of sorting

Ans.

Sorting is the process of arranging data in a particular order.

  • Sorting can be done in ascending or descending order.

  • Common sorting algorithms include bubble sort, insertion sort, and quicksort.

  • Sorting can be done on various data types, including strings, numbers, and objects.

  • Sorting can be done using built-in functions in programming languages such as sort() in JavaScript.

  • Sorting can be optimized for performance by choosing the appropriate algorithm for the data size and type...read more

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Q7. Deep dive into Technologies what we have worked so far

Ans.

I have worked with a variety of technologies including Java, Python, SQL, AWS, Docker, and Kubernetes.

  • Java

  • Python

  • SQL

  • AWS

  • Docker

  • Kubernetes

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Q8. Asynchronous programming in .net

Ans.

Asynchronous programming in .NET allows for non-blocking execution of code, improving performance and responsiveness.

  • Async and Await keywords used to implement asynchronous programming

  • Allows for parallel execution of multiple tasks

  • Improves performance and responsiveness of applications

  • Examples include web applications, file I/O operations, and database queries

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Q9. What is data warehousing?

Ans.

Data warehousing is the process of collecting, storing, and managing data from various sources for analysis and reporting.

  • Data warehousing involves extracting data from multiple sources and consolidating it into a single repository.

  • It is used for creating reports, analyzing trends, and making informed business decisions.

  • Data warehouses are typically designed for query and analysis rather than transaction processing.

  • Examples of data warehousing tools include Amazon Redshift, S...read more

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Q10. How do you see the conversational ai field growth in next 5 years

Ans.

Conversational AI field will experience exponential growth in the next 5 years.

  • Increased adoption of chatbots and virtual assistants in various industries

  • Advancements in natural language processing and machine learning

  • Integration with IoT devices and smart homes

  • Rise of voice-based commerce and personalized recommendations

  • Potential for conversational AI to revolutionize customer service and healthcare

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Q11. Write code to calculate frequency of a word using Stream API and lambda expressions

Ans.

Calculate word frequency using Stream API and lambda expressions

  • Use Stream API to convert array of strings to stream

  • Use Collectors.groupingBy to group words by their frequency

  • Use Collectors.counting to count the occurrences of each word

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Q12. Practical example of object

Ans.

An object is a self-contained entity that contains data and behavior.

  • Objects are instances of classes

  • They have attributes (data) and methods (behavior)

  • Objects can interact with each other through method calls

  • Example: A car object has attributes like color, make, and model, and methods like start and stop

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Q13. Write a code having square of a series which is divisible by 3 using lambda function ?

Ans.

Code to find square of series divisible by 3 using lambda function.

  • Create a list of numbers in the series

  • Use filter() function with lambda function to filter numbers divisible by 3

  • Use map() function with lambda function to find square of each number

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Q14. Difference between C and C++

Ans.

C is a procedural programming language while C++ is an object-oriented programming language.

  • C++ supports classes and objects while C does not.

  • C++ has better support for polymorphism and inheritance than C.

  • C++ has a larger standard library than C.

  • C++ allows function overloading while C does not.

  • C++ supports exception handling while C does not.

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Q15. Cte vs temp table

Ans.

CTE and temp tables are used to store intermediate results in SQL queries.

  • CTE stands for Common Table Expression and is defined within a query.

  • Temp tables are created in the tempdb database and can be accessed across sessions.

  • CTEs are generally faster and more readable than temp tables.

  • Temp tables are useful for complex queries with multiple steps or when data needs to be manipulated.

  • CTEs are useful for recursive queries or when a query needs to reference itself.

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Q16. Multi threading and when do u choose

Ans.

Multithreading is used to improve performance by executing multiple tasks concurrently. Choose it when tasks can run independently.

  • Use multithreading when tasks can be divided into independent subtasks that can run concurrently

  • Choose multithreading for tasks that involve I/O operations, such as reading/writing files or network communication

  • Consider multithreading for tasks that require parallel processing, such as image processing or data analysis

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Q17. Threading in .net

Ans.

Threading in .NET allows for concurrent execution of code, improving performance and responsiveness.

  • Threading allows for multiple threads of execution to run concurrently

  • Thread class is used to create and manage threads

  • Thread synchronization is important to prevent race conditions and deadlocks

  • Async/await is a newer approach to concurrency in .NET

  • TPL (Task Parallel Library) provides higher-level abstractions for concurrency

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Q18. Why string is immutable

Ans.

String is immutable because it cannot be changed once created.

  • Immutable objects are safer to use in multi-threaded environments

  • String pool in Java is possible because of immutability

  • StringBuffer and StringBuilder are mutable alternatives to String

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Q19. What is the difference between List and Tuple?

Ans.

List is mutable, Tuple is immutable in Python.

  • List can be modified after creation, Tuple cannot be modified.

  • List is defined using square brackets [], Tuple is defined using parentheses ().

  • Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3], tuple_example = (1, 2, 3)

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Q20. What are the Data types used in your project?

Ans.

The data types used in the project include integers, strings, floats, and booleans.

  • Integers are used for storing whole numbers, such as IDs or quantities.

  • Strings are used for storing text data, such as names or descriptions.

  • Floats are used for storing decimal numbers, such as prices or measurements.

  • Booleans are used for storing true/false values, such as status indicators.

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Q21. Let us assume we have an array of 0's and 1's,how would you find the first index for 1.

Ans.

Iterate through the array and return the index of the first occurrence of 1.

  • Iterate through the array using a loop.

  • Check each element of the array, if it is 1 then return its index.

  • If no 1 is found, return -1.

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Q22. Which protocol/protocols works when there is a communication between 2 Pbx systems?

Ans.

The protocols that work when there is a communication between 2 Pbx systems are SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and H.323.

  • SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is commonly used for setting up and tearing down voice or video calls over IP networks.

  • H.323 is an older protocol used for multimedia communication over IP networks.

  • Both SIP and H.323 are commonly used in VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) systems to facilitate communication between PBX systems.

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Q23. difference between SOA and microservices

Ans.

SOA is a design pattern where components are designed to communicate via services, while microservices is an architectural style where an application is composed of small, independent services.

  • SOA focuses on reusability and interoperability of services

  • Microservices focuses on breaking down an application into small, independent services

  • SOA typically uses a centralized ESB for communication

  • Microservices communicate via lightweight protocols like HTTP or messaging queues

  • SOA is ...read more

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Q24. what is generator? how it is different from function?

Ans.

A generator is a function that can pause and resume its execution, allowing it to yield multiple values over time.

  • Generators are defined using function* syntax in JavaScript.

  • They use the yield keyword to return values one at a time.

  • Generators can be iterated over using a for...of loop.

  • Unlike regular functions, generators can pause and resume their execution.

  • Generators are useful for dealing with asynchronous operations or large datasets.

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Q25. How many years of experience in Python?

Ans.

I have 5 years of experience in Python.

  • 5 years of hands-on experience in Python programming

  • Proficient in developing web applications, data analysis, and automation scripts using Python

  • Familiar with popular Python libraries and frameworks such as Django, Flask, and NumPy

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Q26. what experience do you have in sas programming and sql

Ans.

I have 3 years of experience in SAS programming and SQL, including data manipulation, analysis, and reporting.

  • 3 years of experience in SAS programming and SQL

  • Proficient in data manipulation, analysis, and reporting

  • Experience in creating complex queries and reports

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Q27. Ability to handle the product

Ans.

I have extensive experience in handling complex software products and have successfully led teams to deliver high-quality solutions.

  • Led a team to successfully launch a new product feature within tight deadlines

  • Managed the development of a large-scale software product from conception to release

  • Collaborated with cross-functional teams to ensure product requirements were met

  • Implemented agile methodologies to improve product development processes

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Q28. Design a rest API and code it.

Ans.

Design and code a REST API for a software developer interview.

  • Define the endpoints and HTTP methods for the API (e.g. GET /users, POST /users)

  • Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms (e.g. JWT tokens)

  • Use proper status codes for responses (e.g. 200 OK, 401 Unauthorized)

  • Include error handling and validation for input data

  • Document the API using tools like Swagger or OpenAPI

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Q29. What is spring boot

Ans.

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by providing pre-configured settings and tools.

  • Spring Boot eliminates the need for manual configuration by providing defaults for most settings.

  • It allows for the creation of stand-alone, production-grade Spring-based applications.

  • Spring Boot includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow for easy deployment.

  • It promotes convention over configuration, reducing boilerplate code and speedin...read more

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Q30. What is microservice

Ans.

Microservices are a software development technique where an application is composed of small, independent services that communicate with each other.

  • Microservices are independently deployable and scalable.

  • Each microservice focuses on a specific business function.

  • Communication between microservices is typically done through APIs.

  • Examples of microservices include Netflix, Amazon, and Uber.

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Q31. Query to join two table using different joins

Ans.

Query to join two tables using different joins

  • Use INNER JOIN to return rows that have matching values in both tables

  • Use LEFT JOIN to return all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

  • Use RIGHT JOIN to return all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table

  • Use FULL JOIN to return rows when there is a match in one of the tables

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Q32. Why do you think the product may not seller

Ans.

The product may not sell due to lack of market demand, poor marketing strategy, high price point, or competition.

  • Lack of market demand for the product

  • Poor marketing strategy or ineffective advertising

  • High price point compared to competitors

  • Strong competition in the market

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Q33. What is lambda function?

Ans.

A lambda function is a small anonymous function defined using the lambda keyword in Python.

  • Lambda functions can take any number of arguments, but can only have one expression.

  • They are commonly used as a way to create small, throwaway functions.

  • Lambda functions are often used in conjunction with functions like map(), filter(), and reduce().

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Q34. Architecture of software

Ans.

Software architecture refers to the high-level structures of a software system and the discipline of creating such structures.

  • Software architecture defines the components, relationships, and interactions of a system.

  • It involves making decisions about the organization of a system to meet specific requirements.

  • Common architectural styles include client-server, layered, and microservices.

  • Architectural patterns like MVC and MVVM help in organizing code and separating concerns.

  • Goo...read more

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Q35. Manipulate data in a column using SQL query

Ans.

Use SQL query to manipulate data in a column

  • Use UPDATE statement to modify data in a column

  • Use SET keyword to specify the new value for the column

  • Use WHERE clause to filter the rows that need to be updated

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Q36. Mention about LLMs and the telephone integration

Ans.

LLMs and telephone integration are two separate topics and do not have any direct correlation.

  • LLMs refer to Master of Laws degree which is a postgraduate academic degree in law.

  • Telephone integration refers to the integration of telephone systems with other communication channels like email, chat, etc.

  • There is no direct relationship between LLMs and telephone integration.

  • However, telephone integration can be useful for law firms to improve their communication with clients and ...read more

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Q37. like what is redux and virtual DOM

Ans.

Redux is a state management library for JavaScript applications, while virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM used for efficient rendering in React.

  • Redux is used to manage the state of an application in a predictable way.

  • It helps in maintaining a single source of truth for the state of the application.

  • Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM used by React to improve performance.

  • It allows React to efficiently update the actual DOM by only re-rendering t...read more

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Q38. How to generate time dimension?

Ans.

A time dimension can be generated by creating a table with all possible dates and relevant attributes.

  • Create a table with all possible dates, including past and future dates

  • Include relevant attributes such as day of the week, month, year, etc.

  • Populate the table with data using a script or ETL process

  • Ensure the table is updated regularly to include new dates

  • Use the time dimension table in data modeling and analysis

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Q39. What is regression testing

Ans.

Regression testing is the process of retesting a software application to ensure that new code changes have not adversely affected existing functionality.

  • Regression testing is performed after code changes to verify that the existing features still work correctly.

  • It helps in identifying any defects introduced by new code changes.

  • Automated testing tools are often used for regression testing to save time and effort.

  • Examples of regression testing include running test cases that co...read more

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Q40. Implement oops concepts in Golang

Ans.

Object-oriented programming concepts can be implemented in Golang using structs, methods, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

  • Use structs to define objects and their properties

  • Methods can be defined on structs to encapsulate behavior

  • Encapsulation can be achieved by using private and public fields

  • Inheritance is not directly supported in Golang, but composition can be used to achieve similar functionality

  • Polymorphism can be achieved through interfaces and type assertio...read more

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Q41. Design gRPC API Automation Framework

Ans.

Designing a gRPC API Automation Framework

  • Identify the key functionalities and requirements of the gRPC API

  • Choose a programming language and framework for automation

  • Create a test suite with test cases covering different scenarios

  • Implement test scripts to interact with the gRPC API

  • Integrate the automation framework with a continuous integration system

  • Implement reporting and logging mechanisms for test results

  • Consider scalability and maintainability of the framework

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Q42. Design flight booking application

Ans.

Design a flight booking application

  • Include search functionality for flights based on destination, date, and price

  • Allow users to select seats and add extra services like meals and baggage

  • Integrate payment gateway for secure transactions

  • Provide real-time updates on flight status and delays

  • Allow users to view and manage their bookings and make changes if necessary

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Q43. delete and truncate difference

Ans.

Delete removes rows from a table while truncate removes all rows from a table.

  • Delete is a DML command while truncate is a DDL command.

  • Delete operation can be rolled back while truncate operation cannot be rolled back.

  • Delete operation is slower than truncate operation.

  • Example: DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition; TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

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Q44. Explain the architecture of the project

Ans.

The project architecture follows a microservices design pattern with a front-end client communicating with multiple backend services.

  • Utilizes microservices architecture

  • Front-end client communicates with multiple backend services

  • Each service is responsible for a specific functionality

  • Uses RESTful APIs for communication between services

  • Possibly uses a message broker like Kafka or RabbitMQ for asynchronous communication

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Q45. What is snoke test

Ans.

Smoke test is a preliminary test to check if the basic functionalities of a software application are working correctly.

  • Smoke test is a subset of regression testing.

  • It is usually performed after a build is deployed to ensure the critical functionalities are working.

  • Smoke test is not exhaustive and focuses on the most important features of the application.

  • It helps in identifying major issues early in the development cycle.

  • Example: Checking if the login functionality is working ...read more

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Q46. What is SLA,SLO,SLI

Ans.

SLA stands for Service Level Agreement, SLO stands for Service Level Objective, and SLI stands for Service Level Indicator.

  • SLA is a contract between a service provider and a customer that defines the level of service expected.

  • SLO is a target value or range for a specific SLI that is agreed upon as a goal for the service provider to achieve.

  • SLI is a specific metric used to measure the performance of a service, such as availability, latency, or throughput.

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Q47. What is injunction

Ans.

An injunction is a court order that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action.

  • Injunctions are typically used to prevent harm or preserve the status quo during a legal proceeding.

  • There are different types of injunctions, such as temporary restraining orders (TROs) and preliminary injunctions.

  • Examples of injunctions include restraining a company from using a trademark that belongs to another party, or preventing a landlord from evicting a tenant without pro...read more

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Q48. approach towards automation

Ans.

My approach towards automation in quality assurance involves identifying repetitive tasks, selecting appropriate tools, creating robust test scripts, and continuously monitoring and updating automated tests.

  • Identify repetitive manual test cases that can be automated to save time and effort

  • Select appropriate automation tools based on project requirements and team expertise (e.g. Selenium, Appium, JUnit)

  • Create robust and maintainable test scripts that cover a wide range of test...read more

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Q49. Architecture of spark

Ans.

Spark is a distributed computing framework that provides in-memory processing capabilities for big data analytics.

  • Spark has a master-slave architecture with a central coordinator called the Driver and distributed workers called Executors.

  • It uses Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs) for fault-tolerant distributed data processing.

  • Spark supports various data sources like HDFS, Cassandra, HBase, and S3 for input and output.

  • It provides high-level APIs in Scala, Java, Python, and ...read more

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Q50. SQL code for situations

Ans.

SQL code for handling various situations in data analysis

  • Use CASE statements for conditional logic

  • Use COALESCE function to handle NULL values

  • Use GROUP BY and HAVING clauses for aggregating data

  • Use subqueries for complex filtering or calculations

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Q51. Day to day work activity

Ans.

As a Site Reliability Engineer, my day to day work involves monitoring system performance, troubleshooting issues, automating tasks, and collaborating with other teams.

  • Monitoring system performance using tools like Prometheus and Grafana

  • Troubleshooting issues related to infrastructure, networking, and applications

  • Automating tasks using scripting languages like Python or configuration management tools like Ansible

  • Collaborating with development teams to improve system reliabili...read more

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Q52. Essentials of a contract

Ans.

Essentials of a contract include offer, acceptance, consideration, legality, capacity, and intention.

  • Offer: One party must make a clear offer to enter into a contract.

  • Acceptance: The other party must accept the offer.

  • Consideration: Both parties must exchange something of value.

  • Legality: The contract must be legal and not against public policy.

  • Capacity: Both parties must have the legal capacity to enter into a contract.

  • Intention: Both parties must intend to create a legally bi...read more

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Q53. what is sql join

Ans.

SQL join is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

  • SQL join is used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column.

  • Types of SQL joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

  • Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

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Q54. what is power bi

Ans.

Power BI is a business analytics tool by Microsoft that provides interactive visualizations and business intelligence capabilities.

  • Business analytics tool by Microsoft

  • Provides interactive visualizations

  • Offers business intelligence capabilities

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Q55. Reverse a String

Ans.

Reverse a given string

  • Create a character array from the input string

  • Use two pointers to swap characters from start and end of the array

  • Continue swapping until the pointers meet in the middle

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Q56. Experience in Agile

Ans.

I have 5+ years of experience working in Agile environments, leading Scrum teams and implementing Agile practices.

  • Led daily stand-up meetings to keep team members aligned and focused on sprint goals

  • Facilitated sprint planning, review, and retrospective meetings to ensure continuous improvement

  • Worked closely with product owners to prioritize and groom the product backlog

  • Used Agile tools like Jira to track progress and identify bottlenecks

  • Mentored team members on Agile principl...read more

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