40+ Interview Questions and Answers

ArrayList and Vector are both dynamic arrays, but Vector is synchronized and slower. Traversing a Vector is similar to an ArrayList.

• ArrayList is not synchronized, while Vector is synchronized.

• ArrayList is faster than Vector, but Vector is thread-safe.

• To traverse a Vector, we can use a for loop or an iterator, similar to an ArrayList.

• Example: Vector v = new Vector<>(); for(String s : v) { //do something }

CPU scheduling policies include FCFS, SJF, Round Robin, Priority, and Multilevel Queue. The operating system does the scheduling.

• FCFS (First Come First Serve)

• SJF (Shortest Job First)

• Round Robin

• Priority

• Multilevel Queue

• Operating system does scheduling

Tata Salt is the product used in every house.

• Tata Salt is a brand of salt produced by Tata Chemicals.

• It is the market leader in India with a 27% market share.

• Tata Salt has been fortified with iodine to help address iodine deficiency in India.

• It is available in various sizes and packaging options to suit different needs.

• Tata Salt has won several awards for its quality and innovation.

Listen to their concerns, empathize, offer solutions, and follow up.

• Listen actively to the customer's concerns without interrupting.

• Empathize with the customer by acknowledging their feelings and apologizing for any inconvenience.

• Offer solutions to address the customer's issues and ensure they are satisfied with the resolution.

• Follow up with the customer to ensure their satisfaction and build a positive relationship.

We track custom user activities such as login/logout, product views, purchases, and form submissions.

• Login/logout events

• Product views

• Purchases

• Form submissions

Jvm is Java Virtual Machine. It manages threads on its own.

• Jvm is a virtual machine that executes Java bytecode.

• It provides a runtime environment for Java programs.

• Jvm manages threads on its own using its own thread scheduler.

• Jvm is platform-independent and provides a layer of abstraction between the Java code and the underlying operating system.

• Examples of popular JVM implementations include Oracle's HotSpot and OpenJDK.

Multithreading in Java refers to the concurrent execution of two or more parts of a program for maximum utilization of CPU.

• Multithreading allows multiple threads to run concurrently within a single program.

• It improves the performance of the program by utilizing the CPU more efficiently.

• Java provides built-in support for multithreading through the java.lang.Thread class.

• Multithreading can be used for tasks such as background processing, animation, and network communication.

• Exa...read more

I have created custom GA4 reports for tracking user behavior, conversion rates, and campaign performance.

• Created custom reports to track user engagement on specific pages

• Developed reports to analyze conversion rates for different marketing channels

• Built reports to measure the performance of specific ad campaigns

White box testing is testing based on the internal logic of an application's code, while black box testing is based on the external functionality.

• White box testing is also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, or structural testing.

• Black box testing is also known as functional testing.

• White box testing involves testing the internal structure, code paths, and algorithms of the application.

• Black box testing involves testing the application's functionality without knowl...read more

Tree traversal is a technique to visit all nodes of a tree in a specific order.

• There are three types of tree traversals: inorder, preorder, and postorder.

• Inorder traversal visits the left subtree, then the root, and then the right subtree.

• Preorder traversal visits the root, then the left subtree, and then the right subtree.

• Postorder traversal visits the left subtree, then the right subtree, and then the root.

• For example, consider a binary tree with root node A, left child B, ...read more

Data analysis involves examining, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information, while data science involves using scientific methods, algorithms, and systems to extract knowledge and insights from data.

• Data analysis focuses on examining and interpreting data to make informed decisions.

• Data science involves using various techniques and algorithms to extract insights and knowledge from data.

• Data analysis often involves cleaning and transforming data ...read more

An array in numpy is a grid of values, all of the same type, and is indexed by a tuple of nonnegative integers.

• Numpy is a popular Python library for numerical computing.

• Arrays in numpy can be created using the np.array() function.

• Arrays can have multiple dimensions, such as 1D, 2D, or even higher dimensions.

• Numpy arrays are more efficient than Python lists for numerical operations.

• Example: import numpy as np arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])

Data visualization tools are software that help in creating visual representations of data to aid in understanding and analysis.

• Tableau

• Power BI

• QlikView

• Google Data Studio

• D3.js

Creating tags and triggers in GTM involves defining actions and conditions for tracking events on a website.

• Tags are used to define what actions should be taken when a specific event occurs on the website.

• Triggers are used to define the conditions under which a tag should be fired.

• Tags can be set up to track various events such as button clicks, form submissions, pageviews, etc.

• Triggers can be based on URL, click classes, form submissions, etc.

• Once tags and triggers are set u...read more

Yes, I have set up Google Tag Manager (GTM) on the website.

• Yes, I have experience setting up GTM for tracking website analytics.

• Implemented various tags, triggers, and variables within GTM.

• Ensured proper data tracking and integration with other tools like Google Analytics.

• Regularly monitored and tested GTM setup for accuracy and efficiency.

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It has 4 pillars: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Encapsulation: Wrapping data and methods into a single unit (class).

• Inheritance: Acquiring properties and behavior of a parent class by a child class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take many forms. Method overloading and overriding are examples.

• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information to the user.

Cybersecurity involves protecting computer systems, networks, and data from cyber attacks.

• Cybersecurity includes measures such as firewalls, antivirus software, and encryption to prevent unauthorized access.

• Common cyber attacks include phishing, malware, ransomware, and DDoS attacks.

• Cybersecurity professionals work to identify vulnerabilities in systems and implement security measures to mitigate risks.

• Cybersecurity is essential for protecting sensitive information, such as p...read more

Yes, there are many operators and logical programs used in various fields.

• Operators like +, -, *, / are used in mathematical calculations.

• Logical programs like if-else, switch-case are used in programming.

• Operators like AND, OR, NOT are used in boolean logic.

• Operators like >, <, == are used in comparisons.

• Examples of logical programs include sorting algorithms, search algorithms, etc.

Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a new class inherits properties and behaviors from an existing class. Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class, promoting code reusability.

• Encapsulation helps in hiding the internal state of an object and restricting access to it.

• Example of inheritance: Class B inherits from Class A, gaining all it...read more

Azure Key Vault integration is a feature that allows users to securely store and manage sensitive information such as keys, passwords, certificates, etc.

• Azure Key Vault helps to safeguard cryptographic keys and secrets used by cloud applications and services

• It provides centralized management of keys, secrets, and certificates

• Integrating Azure Key Vault with applications ensures secure access to sensitive information without exposing them in code or configuration files

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. The four pillars of OOPs are Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary information to the user.

• Encapsulation: Wrapping data and functions together in a single unit (class) and restricting access to them.

• Inheritance: Creating a new class from an existing class, inheriting all the properties and methods of the parent class.

• Polymorphism: The ...read more

An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources.

• Types of operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, and Unix.

• OS can be categorized as single-user, multi-user, multi-tasking, real-time, and embedded.

• Functions of an OS include memory management, process management, security, and device management.

Joins are used to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column.

• Joins are used in SQL to retrieve data from multiple tables.

• There are different types of joins such as inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Joins are performed based on a related column between the tables.

• Distinct is used to retrieve unique values from a column in a table.

• It is often used with the SELECT statement to eliminate duplicate values.

Lookup transformation is used in data integration to look up data from a source based on a key and insert it into the target.

• Lookup transformation is used in ETL processes to search for a value in a reference dataset and return a matching value.

• It can be used to perform tasks like updating existing records, inserting new records, or flagging records based on lookup results.

• Commonly used in data warehousing and business intelligence projects to enrich data with additional info...read more

Update strategy is a plan or method used to update data in a database or system.

• Update strategy determines how changes to data are handled, such as insert, update, delete operations.

• It can involve specifying conditions for updating data, like only updating records that meet certain criteria.

• Common update strategies include 'update if exists, insert if not' and 'update all records'.

Spring core is the fundamental part of the Spring framework that provides dependency injection and inversion of control. SOLID principles are a set of five design principles to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• Spring core provides the core functionality of the Spring framework, including dependency injection and inversion of control.

• Dependency injection allows objects to be loosely coupled, making it easier to manage dependencies and impro...read more

Dataframe is a two-dimensional data structure in pandas that stores data in rows and columns.

• Dataframe is a key data structure in the pandas library for data manipulation and analysis

• It is similar to a table in a relational database or a spreadsheet in Excel

• Dataframes can be created from various data sources such as CSV files, databases, or dictionaries

TCS is a leading global IT services company with a strong reputation and diverse opportunities for growth.

• TCS has a strong reputation in the IT industry

• TCS offers diverse opportunities for growth and learning

• TCS has a global presence and works with top clients

• TCS has a strong focus on innovation and technology

• TCS provides a supportive and inclusive work environment

Spring Boot @Transactional is used for managing transactions in Spring applications.

• It provides a declarative way of managing transactions.

• It ensures that all operations within a transaction are atomic.

• It supports both programmatic and declarative transaction management.

• It can be used with various transaction managers such as JPA, JDBC, and Hibernate.

• It can be configured to rollback transactions on specific exceptions.

Program to generate Fibonacci series

• Start with two initial numbers 0 and 1

• Add the previous two numbers to get the next number in the series

• Repeat this process to generate the Fibonacci series

• Example: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ...

As a child, I had many friends who I played with and shared memories with.

• I had a group of friends from my neighborhood who I played with after school

• I also had friends from my school who I hung out with during recess and lunch

• Some of my closest childhood friends were my cousins who lived nearby

• We used to play games like tag, hide and seek, and soccer together

For loop is used for iterating over a sequence while while loop is used for executing a block of code repeatedly.

• For loop is used when the number of iterations is known beforehand

• While loop is used when the number of iterations is not known beforehand

• For loop is faster than while loop

• For loop is used for iterating over a sequence while while loop is used for executing a block of code repeatedly

Power BI is a business analytics tool by Microsoft that provides interactive visualizations and business intelligence capabilities.

• Power BI allows users to connect to various data sources and create interactive reports and dashboards.

• Users can easily share and collaborate on reports with others within their organization.

• It offers a wide range of visualization options to present data in a meaningful way.

• Power BI can be used for data analysis, data visualization, and sharing in...read more

ETL process pipelines involve extracting, transforming, and loading data from source systems to target systems.

• ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load

• Data is extracted from source systems, transformed according to business rules, and loaded into target systems

• ETL pipelines are used to move data between systems efficiently and reliably

• Common ETL tools include Informatica, Talend, and Apache NiFi

Batch OS is a type of operating system that processes a set of tasks in batches.

• Batch OS is used for processing large volumes of data in batches.

• It is commonly used in industries such as banking, finance, and manufacturing.

• Batch OS allows for automation of repetitive tasks, saving time and reducing errors.

• Examples of Batch OS include IBM z/OS, Unix/Linux, and Windows Task Scheduler.

Roles and responsibilities refer to the tasks and duties assigned to an individual or a team within an organization.

• Roles define the position and level of authority within the organization

• Responsibilities outline the specific tasks and duties that need to be performed

• Roles and responsibilities are often outlined in job descriptions and performance evaluations

• Clear communication and understanding of roles and responsibilities is crucial for effective teamwork and productivity

Autowiring is a feature in Spring framework that allows automatic wiring of dependencies in a Spring bean.

• Autowiring eliminates the need for explicit bean wiring in the Spring configuration file.

• There are different types of autowiring modes in Spring: 'byName', 'byType', 'constructor', 'autodetect'.

• Example: @Autowired annotation is used for autowiring in Spring.

A subquery is a query nested within another query in SQL to retrieve data from multiple tables.

• Subqueries are enclosed in parentheses and can be used in SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.

• They can be used to return a single value, multiple values, or a result set.

• Subqueries can be correlated or non-correlated, with correlated subqueries dependent on the outer query.

SAP Ariba is a cloud-based procurement solution that helps businesses streamline their procurement processes.

• SAP Ariba provides tools for procurement, sourcing, supplier management, and invoice management.

• It helps businesses connect with suppliers, manage contracts, and automate procurement processes.

• The platform offers spend visibility, supplier collaboration, and risk management capabilities.

• SAP Ariba is used by many large organizations to improve efficiency and reduce cost...read more

SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) and STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) are processes used in software development and testing.

• SDLC involves planning, designing, coding, testing, and maintenance of software.

• STLC involves test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• SDLC focuses on the development of software, while STLC focuses on the testing of software.

• Both SDLC and STLC are essential for delivering high-quality software products.

• Example: In SDLC, a so...read more

Business Analyst responsibilities include analyzing data, defining business requirements, and recommending solutions.

• Analyzing data to identify trends and insights

• Defining business requirements and documenting them

• Collaborating with stakeholders to understand their needs

• Creating reports and presentations to communicate findings

• Identifying opportunities for process improvement

• Participating in project planning and implementation

I have worked on multiple Python projects including web scraping, data analysis, and automation.

• Developed a web scraper using BeautifulSoup to extract data from websites

• Created a data analysis tool using Pandas to analyze and visualize data

• Automated tasks using Python scripts and libraries such as Selenium and PyAutoGUI

• Built a chatbot using Python and the NLTK library

• Developed a machine learning model using scikit-learn to predict customer churn

Core components of SAP Ariba include Sourcing, Contracts, Procurement, Supplier Management, and Invoice Management.

• Sourcing: Allows organizations to manage sourcing events and negotiations with suppliers.

• Contracts: Helps in creating and managing contracts with suppliers.

• Procurement: Streamlines the procurement process by automating purchase orders and approvals.

• Supplier Management: Manages supplier information, performance, and relationships.

• Invoice Management: Automates the ...read more