SMC Corporation Plsql Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is the difference between varchar and varchar2?
Ans. 
VARCHAR can store up to 2000 bytes while VARCHAR2 can store up to 4000 bytes.
• VARCHAR can store variable-length character strings up to 2000 bytes.

• VARCHAR2 can store variable-length character strings up to 4000 bytes.

• VARCHAR will occupy space for NULL values while VARCHAR2 will not.

• VARCHAR2 is more efficient in terms of storage and performance compared to VARCHAR.
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Q2. Explain composite indexes
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Composite indexes are indexes that are created on multiple columns in a database table.
• Composite indexes improve query performance for queries that involve multiple columns

• They can be created using the CREATE INDEX statement in SQL

• Example: CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table_name (column1, column2)
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Q1. PLSQL basic to advanced.
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Q2. Explain collections in details?
Ans. 
Collections in PL/SQL are data structures used to store multiple elements of the same data type.
• Collections can be nested tables, varrays, or associative arrays.

• Nested tables are like one-dimensional arrays with no upper bounds.

• Varrays are like arrays with a maximum size that is specified at declaration.

• Associative arrays are like lookup tables where each element is accessed using a unique key.

• Collections can be used t...read more
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Q3. Bulk collect concept
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Bulk collect is a feature in PL/SQL that allows for fetching multiple rows of data at once.
• Improves performance by reducing context switches between the PL/SQL engine and SQL engine

• Reduces network traffic by fetching multiple rows in a single round trip

• Can be used with SELECT INTO or FETCH INTO statements
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Q4. Decode and case
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Q5. Tuning of sql and some sql code
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Bank product related questions and carrer expericnce .

Q1. Dif between SQL n plsql
Ans. 
SQL is a query language used to interact with databases, while PL/SQL is a procedural language extension for SQL.
• SQL is used for querying and manipulating data in databases.

• PL/SQL is used for writing procedural code like loops, conditions, and functions.

• SQL statements are executed one at a time, while PL/SQL blocks can contain multiple statements.

• PL/SQL can be used to create stored procedures, functions, and triggers i...read more
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Q2. Structure query language and extension version of sql
Ans. 
SQL is a structured query language used to communicate with databases. SQL extensions add additional functionality to the language.
• SQL is a standard language used to interact with databases

• SQL extensions like PL/SQL add procedural programming capabilities to SQL

• PL/SQL is an extension of SQL used in Oracle databases
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Q1. What is temp table and temp variable in plsql?
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Temp table is a table created temporarily in memory. Temp variable is a variable that holds temporary data.
• Temp table is used to store data temporarily during a session

• Temp variable is used to hold temporary data that is not needed after a certain point

• Temp table and variable are created using the 'CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY' and 'DECLARE' statements respectively

• Example: CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE temp_table (id NUMBER...read more
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Q2. What is mutating table or mutating trigger?
Ans. 
A mutating table or mutating trigger occurs when a trigger tries to update a table that is currently being modified.
• Mutating table occurs when a trigger references the table that is being modified.

• It can happen when a trigger is fired by an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement on the table.

• This can lead to unpredictable results or errors, such as ORA-04091: table is mutating, trigger/function may not see it.

• To avoid mut...read more
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Q3. What is autonomous transaction?
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Autonomous transaction is a separate transaction initiated by a parent transaction.
• It allows a subtransaction to commit or rollback independently of the parent transaction.

• It is useful for logging or auditing purposes.

• It can be created using the PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION statement.

• Example: A parent transaction updates a table, while an autonomous transaction logs the changes made.

• Example: An autonomous transaction ...read more
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Q4. Cursors definition and types explained
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Cursors are used to retrieve and manipulate data from a database in PL/SQL.
• Cursors are like pointers to a result set, allowing us to fetch and process rows one by one.

• There are two types of cursors: implicit and explicit.

• Implicit cursors are automatically created by Oracle when executing a SQL statement.

• Explicit cursors are declared and used by the programmer.

• Explicit cursors provide more control and flexibility compar...read more
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Q5. Explain about Triggers ?
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Triggers are database objects that automatically execute in response to certain events.
• Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, audit data changes, and maintain referential integrity.

• They can be defined to execute before or after an event, such as a row being inserted, updated, or deleted.

• Triggers can also be nested, meaning one trigger can execute another trigger.

• Examples of triggers include automatically updat...read more
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Q6. Truncate vs delete difference?
Ans. 
Truncate removes all data, delete removes selected data.
• Truncate is faster than delete as it doesn't log individual row deletions.

• Truncate cannot be rolled back, delete can be.

• Truncate resets identity columns, delete doesn't.

• Truncate doesn't fire triggers, delete does.

• Truncate is a DDL operation, delete is a DML operation.
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Q7. A plsql programme to print 103,99,96...3?
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Q8. What is procedure in plsql and it's syntax and difference between procedure and function?
Ans. 
A procedure in PL/SQL is a named block of code that can be called and executed multiple times.
• Syntax: CREATE [OR REPLACE] PROCEDURE procedure_name [(parameter1 [mode1] datatype1 [, parameter2 [mode2] datatype2]...)] IS

• Difference between procedure and function: Procedures do not return a value, while functions return a value.

• Procedures are used to perform an action, while functions are used to calculate and return a val...read more
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Q1. What are your salary expectations?
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Q2. Share details of your previous job.
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Q3. Tell me about yourself.
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Q4. How do you find if two table having similer data
Ans. 
To find if two tables have similar data, compare the records in both tables using a join or a subquery.
• Use a join operation to compare the records in both tables based on a common column.

• If the tables have a primary key, you can join them on that key to check for similar data.

• Alternatively, you can use a subquery to compare the data in both tables and check for matching records.

• Consider using the MINUS operator to find...read more
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Q5. Difference between having and group by?
Ans. 
HAVING is used to filter groups while GROUP BY is used to group rows based on a column.
• HAVING is used with GROUP BY to filter groups based on a condition

• GROUP BY is used to group rows based on a column

• HAVING is used after GROUP BY in a query

• GROUP BY is used before HAVING in a query

• Example: SELECT department, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING AVG(salary) > 5000;
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Q1. Sql loader questions - Give command
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Q2. Difference in procedure and function
Ans. 
Procedure is used to perform an action, while function returns a value.
• Procedure does not return a value, while function does

• Functions can be used in SQL queries, procedures cannot

• Functions can be called from SQL statements, procedures cannot
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Q3. What is init in performance tuning?
Ans. 
In performance tuning, init refers to the initialization parameter file used by Oracle Database to configure various settings.
• init is a text-based configuration file that contains parameters to optimize the performance of Oracle Database.

• It is used to set parameters such as memory allocation, parallel processing, and resource utilization.

• By tuning the init file, developers can improve the overall performance of the dat...read more
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Q4. Exception handling - Named and unnamed. Give exceptions names.
Ans. 
Named and unnamed exceptions in PL/SQL with examples
• Named exceptions are user-defined exceptions with specific names like 'custom_exception'

• Unnamed exceptions are predefined exceptions like 'NO_DATA_FOUND' or 'TOO_MANY_ROWS'

• Named exceptions can be raised using RAISE statement with the exception name

• Unnamed exceptions are raised automatically by the system in case of errors

• Example of named exception: DECLARE custom_exce...read more
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Q1. Difference between delete,drop, truncate
Ans. 
Delete removes specific rows from a table, drop removes the entire table, truncate removes all rows from a table.
• Delete is a DML command used to remove specific rows from a table based on a condition.

• Drop is a DDL command used to remove an entire table along with its structure and data.

• Truncate is a DDL command used to remove all rows from a table but keeps the table structure intact.

• Delete can be rolled back, drop can...read more
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Q1. 1. Tell me about yourself. 2. Topics like Stored procedure, functions, cursors, package.
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Q1. Queries on joins using inner join, left join, right join, outer join
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Q2. What are the definitions of case and decode, what are the differences between them, and can you explain the logic for each?
Ans. 
Case and decode are conditional expressions in PL/SQL used for data manipulation.
• CASE is used for conditional logic in SQL statements, while DECODE is used for conditional logic in SELECT statements.

• CASE is more flexible and can handle multiple conditions, while DECODE is limited to one condition.

• CASE can be used in both SQL and PL/SQL, while DECODE is specific to SQL.

• Example of CASE: SELECT CASE WHEN condition1 THEN r...read more
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Q3. What are the primary key and foreign key in database design, and can you provide examples of each?
Ans. 
Primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table, while foreign key establishes a link between two tables.
• Primary key ensures uniqueness and cannot have null values

• Foreign key establishes a relationship between tables based on the primary key of another table

• Example of primary key: EmployeeID in an Employee table

• Example of foreign key: DepartmentID in an Employee table linking to DepartmentID in a Department tabl
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Q4. What are the differences between Rank and Dense Rank in SQL?
Ans. 
Rank assigns unique ranks to each distinct row, while Dense Rank assigns consecutive ranks without gaps.
• Rank may have gaps in the ranking sequence, while Dense Rank does not.

• Rank assigns the same rank to rows with the same values, while Dense Rank assigns different ranks.

• Rank function is non-consecutive, while Dense Rank function is consecutive.
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Q5. What is the difference between procedures and functions?
Ans. 
Procedures are used to perform an action, while functions return a value.
• Procedures do not return a value, while functions do.

• Functions can be called from SQL queries, while procedures cannot.

• Functions must return a value, while procedures do not necessarily have to.
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Q6. Is it possible to use a package body without a package specification?
Ans. 
No, a package body cannot be used without a package specification.
• A package body must always be associated with a package specification.

• The package specification defines the public interface of the package, while the package body contains the implementation details.

• Attempting to use a package body without a corresponding package specification will result in compilation errors.
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Q7. What is a SQL query that can be used to find duplicate values in a database?
Ans. 
Use a SQL query with GROUP BY and HAVING clause to find duplicate values in a database.
• Use GROUP BY clause to group the values that are duplicated.

• Use HAVING clause to filter out the groups that have more than one occurrence.

• Example: SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
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Q8. Queries using group by and having clause
Ans. 
Group by and having clause are used together to filter groups based on specified conditions.
• Group by clause is used to group rows that have the same values into summary rows.

• Having clause is used to filter groups based on specified conditions.

• Example: SELECT department, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING AVG(salary) > 5000;
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Q9. What are the definitions of the Substr and Instr functions?
Ans. 
Substr function extracts a substring from a string, while Instr function returns the position of a substring within a string.
• Substr function syntax: SUBSTR(string, start_position, length)

• Example: SUBSTR('Hello World', 7, 5) will return 'World'

• Instr function syntax: INSTR(string, substring)

• Example: INSTR('Hello World', 'World') will return 7
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Q10. What is the process for writing a SQL query that includes a subquery?
Ans. 
Writing a SQL query with a subquery involves nesting one query inside another to retrieve specific data.
• Start by writing the main query that will retrieve the primary data

• Identify the criteria for the subquery to filter the results

• Enclose the subquery within parentheses and use it in the WHERE or FROM clause of the main query

• Ensure that the subquery returns a single value or a single column result
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Q11. What is the difference between char, varchar, and varchar2 data types?
Ans. 
Char is fixed length, varchar is variable length with max 4000 bytes, varchar2 is variable length with max 32767 bytes.
• Char is fixed length and always right-padded with spaces, while varchar and varchar2 are variable length.

• Varchar can store up to 4000 bytes of data, while varchar2 can store up to 32767 bytes.

• Char is less efficient in terms of storage compared to varchar and varchar2.
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Q12. Queries using Trunc and round
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Q13. Is it possible to combine two tables with differing data and columns without utilizing joins?
Ans. 
No, it is not possible to combine two tables with differing data and columns without utilizing joins.
• Joins are necessary to combine tables based on a common column or key.

• Different data and columns require a join to match and merge the data properly.

• Examples of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.
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Q14. Is it possible to update data in a view?
Ans. 
Yes, it is possible to update data in a view using INSTEAD OF triggers.
• Views are virtual tables that display data from one or more tables.

• By using INSTEAD OF triggers, you can update data in a view by specifying the logic to handle the update operation.

• The trigger intercepts the update operation on the view and executes the specified logic to update the underlying tables.

• For example, you can create an INSTEAD OF trigge...read more
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Q1. Can you describe yourself and provide details about your project, including the brief questions that were asked about it?
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Q2. Why TCS?
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TCS is a global IT services company known for its innovative solutions and commitment to employee growth.
• TCS has a strong reputation in the IT industry for delivering high-quality services.

• TCS offers opportunities for professional growth and development through training programs and career advancement.

• TCS has a diverse and inclusive work culture that values teamwork and collaboration.
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Q3. What is a dynamic cursor in database management?
Ans. 
A dynamic cursor in database management allows for the execution of different SQL queries at runtime.
• Dynamic cursors are used when the SQL query to be executed is not known until runtime.

• They allow for flexibility in querying the database based on user input or other conditions.

• Dynamic cursors can be used to handle varying result sets or conditions in a more efficient manner.

• Example: Using a dynamic cursor to search fo...read more
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Q4. Did you perform performance tuning, and if so, what steps did you take?
Ans. 
Yes, I have performed performance tuning by identifying bottlenecks and optimizing queries.
• Identified slow queries using tools like SQL Trace, Explain Plan, and AWR reports.

• Optimized queries by adding indexes, rewriting SQL statements, and reducing unnecessary data retrieval.

• Tuned PL/SQL code by using bulk processing, minimizing context switches, and optimizing loops.

• Utilized database features like partitioning and mat
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Q5. What is the definition of a package, and is it possible to use a package body without a package specification?
Ans. 
A package in PL/SQL is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables, and other constructs.
• A package consists of two parts: package specification and package body.

• The package specification defines the public interface of the package, including declarations of variables, constants, cursors, procedures, and functions.

• The package body contains the actual implementation of the procedures and functions declared i...read more
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Q1. What are your reasons for wanting to join TCS?
Ans. 
I am excited about the opportunity to work with a global leader like TCS and contribute to innovative projects.
• TCS is a renowned global company with a strong reputation in the IT industry

• I am impressed by TCS's commitment to innovation and cutting-edge technology

• I believe TCS offers great opportunities for professional growth and development

• I am excited about the chance to work on diverse and challenging projects at TC
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Q2. What is your current salary package?
Ans. 
I prefer to discuss my salary expectations based on the responsibilities and requirements of the position.
• Focus on discussing salary expectations based on the job responsibilities and requirements.

• Avoid disclosing specific current salary package.

• Emphasize the importance of fair compensation based on market rates and skills.

• Provide examples of successful projects or achievements that demonstrate your value.

• Discuss oppor...read more
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Q3. What is your expected salary package?
Ans. 
I am looking for a competitive salary package based on my experience and skills.
• I am open to discussing salary based on the responsibilities and requirements of the role.

• I have researched the average salary range for Plsql Developers in this location.

• I am looking for a package that includes benefits such as healthcare, retirement plans, and professional development opportunities.
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Q4. Are you comfortable with shift work?
Ans. 
Yes, I am comfortable with shift work and have experience working various shifts.
• I have previous experience working different shifts in my current/previous roles.

• I am flexible with my schedule and can easily adapt to changing shift patterns.

• I understand the importance of shift work in ensuring 24/7 coverage for critical systems.
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Q5. Are you ok with any location
Ans. 
Yes, I am open to any location for the Plsql Developer position.
• I am willing to relocate for the right opportunity

• I am open to working in different cities or countries

• I am flexible with travel requirements for the job
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Q6. Holding any other offers in hand
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